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/data/users/matthijs/github_faiss/faiss/Heap.h
1 /**
2 * Copyright (c) 2015-present, Facebook, Inc.
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This source code is licensed under the BSD+Patents license found in the
6 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
7 */
8
9 /* Copyright 2004-present Facebook. All Rights Reserved.
10 *
11 * C++ support for heaps. The set of functions is tailored for
12 * efficient similarity search.
13 *
14 * There is no specific object for a heap, and the functions that
15 * operate on a signle heap are inlined, because heaps are often
16 * small. More complex functions are implemented in Heaps.cpp
17 *
18 */
19
20
21 #ifndef FAISS_Heap_h
22 #define FAISS_Heap_h
23
24 #include <climits>
25 #include <cstring>
26 #include <cmath>
27
28 #include <cassert>
29 #include <cstdio>
30
31 #include <limits>
32
33
34
35 namespace faiss {
36
37 /*******************************************************************
38 * C object: uniform handling of min and max heap
39 *******************************************************************/
40
41 /** The C object gives the type T of the values in the heap, the type
42 * of the keys, TI and the comparison that is done: > for the minheap
43 * and < for the maxheap. The neutral value will always be dropped in
44 * favor of any other value in the heap.
45 */
46
47 template <typename T_, typename TI_>
48 struct CMax;
49
50 // traits of minheaps = heaps where the minimum value is stored on top
51 // useful to find the *max* values of an array
52 template <typename T_, typename TI_>
53 struct CMin {
54 typedef T_ T;
55 typedef TI_ TI;
56 typedef CMax<T_, TI_> Crev;
57 inline static bool cmp (T a, T b) {
58 return a < b;
59 }
60 // value that will be popped first -> must be smaller than all others
61 // for int types this is not strictly the smallest val (-max - 1)
62 inline static T neutral () {
63 return -std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
64 }
65 };
66
67
68 template <typename T_, typename TI_>
69 struct CMax {
70 typedef T_ T;
71 typedef TI_ TI;
72 typedef CMin<T_, TI_> Crev;
73 inline static bool cmp (T a, T b) {
74 return a > b;
75 }
76 inline static T neutral () {
77 return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
78 }
79 };
80
81
82 /*******************************************************************
83 * Basic heap ops: push and pop
84 *******************************************************************/
85
86 /** Pops the top element from the heap defined by bh_val[0..k-1] and
87 * bh_ids[0..k-1]. on output the element at k-1 is undefined.
88 */
89 template <class C> inline
90 void heap_pop (size_t k, typename C::T * bh_val, typename C::TI * bh_ids)
91 {
92 bh_val--; /* Use 1-based indexing for easier node->child translation */
93 bh_ids--;
94 typename C::T val = bh_val[k];
95 size_t i = 1, i1, i2;
96 while (1) {
97 i1 = i << 1;
98 i2 = i1 + 1;
99 if (i1 > k)
100 break;
101 if (i2 == k + 1 || C::cmp(bh_val[i1], bh_val[i2])) {
102 if (C::cmp(val, bh_val[i1]))
103 break;
104 bh_val[i] = bh_val[i1];
105 bh_ids[i] = bh_ids[i1];
106 i = i1;
107 }
108 else {
109 if (C::cmp(val, bh_val[i2]))
110 break;
111 bh_val[i] = bh_val[i2];
112 bh_ids[i] = bh_ids[i2];
113 i = i2;
114 }
115 }
116 bh_val[i] = bh_val[k];
117 bh_ids[i] = bh_ids[k];
118 }
119
120
121
122 /** Pushes the element (val, ids) into the heap bh_val[0..k-2] and
123 * bh_ids[0..k-2]. on output the element at k-1 is defined.
124 */
125 template <class C> inline
126 void heap_push (size_t k,
127 typename C::T * bh_val, typename C::TI * bh_ids,
128 typename C::T val, typename C::TI ids)
129 {
130 bh_val--; /* Use 1-based indexing for easier node->child translation */
131 bh_ids--;
132 size_t i = k, i_father;
133 while (i > 1) {
134 i_father = i >> 1;
135 if (!C::cmp (val, bh_val[i_father])) /* the heap structure is ok */
136 break;
137 bh_val[i] = bh_val[i_father];
138 bh_ids[i] = bh_ids[i_father];
139 i = i_father;
140 }
141 bh_val[i] = val;
142 bh_ids[i] = ids;
143 }
144
145
146
147 /* Partial instanciation for heaps with TI = long */
148
149 template <typename T> inline
150 void minheap_pop (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids)
151 {
152 heap_pop<CMin<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids);
153 }
154
155
156 template <typename T> inline
157 void minheap_push (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids, T val, long ids)
158 {
159 heap_push<CMin<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids, val, ids);
160 }
161
162
163 template <typename T> inline
164 void maxheap_pop (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids)
165 {
166 heap_pop<CMax<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids);
167 }
168
169
170 template <typename T> inline
171 void maxheap_push (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids, T val, long ids)
172 {
173 heap_push<CMax<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids, val, ids);
174 }
175
176
177
178 /*******************************************************************
179 * Heap initialization
180 *******************************************************************/
181
182 /* Initialization phase for the heap (with inconditionnal pushes).
183 * Store k0 elements in a heap containing up to k values. Note that
184 * (bh_val, bh_ids) can be the same as (x, ids) */
185 template <class C> inline
186 void heap_heapify (
187 size_t k,
188 typename C::T * bh_val,
189 typename C::TI * bh_ids,
190 const typename C::T * x = nullptr,
191 const typename C::TI * ids = nullptr,
192 size_t k0 = 0)
193 {
194 if (k0 > 0) assert (x);
195
196 if (ids) {
197 for (size_t i = 0; i < k0; i++)
198 heap_push<C> (i+1, bh_val, bh_ids, x[i], ids[i]);
199 } else {
200 for (size_t i = 0; i < k0; i++)
201 heap_push<C> (i+1, bh_val, bh_ids, x[i], i);
202 }
203
204 for (size_t i = k0; i < k; i++) {
205 bh_val[i] = C::neutral();
206 bh_ids[i] = -1;
207 }
208
209 }
210
211 template <typename T> inline
212 void minheap_heapify (
213 size_t k, T * bh_val,
214 long * bh_ids,
215 const T * x = nullptr,
216 const long * ids = nullptr,
217 size_t k0 = 0)
218 {
219 heap_heapify< CMin<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids, x, ids, k0);
220 }
221
222
223 template <typename T> inline
224 void maxheap_heapify (
225 size_t k,
226 T * bh_val,
227 long * bh_ids,
228 const T * x = nullptr,
229 const long * ids = nullptr,
230 size_t k0 = 0)
231 {
232 heap_heapify< CMax<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids, x, ids, k0);
233 }
234
235
236
237 /*******************************************************************
238 * Add n elements to the heap
239 *******************************************************************/
240
241
242 /* Add some elements to the heap */
243 template <class C> inline
244 void heap_addn (size_t k,
245 typename C::T * bh_val, typename C::TI * bh_ids,
246 const typename C::T * x,
247 const typename C::TI * ids,
248 size_t n)
249 {
250 size_t i;
251 if (ids)
252 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
253 if (C::cmp (bh_val[0], x[i])) {
254 heap_pop<C> (k, bh_val, bh_ids);
255 heap_push<C> (k, bh_val, bh_ids, x[i], ids[i]);
256 }
257 }
258 else
259 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
260 if (C::cmp (bh_val[0], x[i])) {
261 heap_pop<C> (k, bh_val, bh_ids);
262 heap_push<C> (k, bh_val, bh_ids, x[i], i);
263 }
264 }
265 }
266
267
268 /* Partial instanciation for heaps with TI = long */
269
270 template <typename T> inline
271 void minheap_addn (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids,
272 const T * x, const long * ids, size_t n)
273 {
274 heap_addn<CMin<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids, x, ids, n);
275 }
276
277 template <typename T> inline
278 void maxheap_addn (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids,
279 const T * x, const long * ids, size_t n)
280 {
281 heap_addn<CMax<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids, x, ids, n);
282 }
283
284
285
286
287
288
289 /*******************************************************************
290 * Heap finalization (reorder elements)
291 *******************************************************************/
292
293
294 /* This function maps a binary heap into an sorted structure.
295 It returns the number */
296 template <typename C> inline
297 size_t heap_reorder (size_t k, typename C::T * bh_val, typename C::TI * bh_ids)
298 {
299 size_t i, ii;
300
301 for (i = 0, ii = 0; i < k; i++) {
302 /* top element should be put at the end of the list */
303 typename C::T val = bh_val[0];
304 typename C::TI id = bh_ids[0];
305
306 /* boundary case: we will over-ride this value if not a true element */
307 heap_pop<C> (k-i, bh_val, bh_ids);
308 bh_val[k-ii-1] = val;
309 bh_ids[k-ii-1] = id;
310 if (id != -1) ii++;
311 }
312 /* Count the number of elements which are effectively returned */
313 size_t nel = ii;
314
315 memmove (bh_val, bh_val+k-ii, ii * sizeof(*bh_val));
316 memmove (bh_ids, bh_ids+k-ii, ii * sizeof(*bh_ids));
317
318 for (; ii < k; ii++) {
319 bh_val[ii] = C::neutral();
320 bh_ids[ii] = -1;
321 }
322 return nel;
323 }
324
325 template <typename T> inline
326 size_t minheap_reorder (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids)
327 {
328 return heap_reorder< CMin<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids);
329 }
330
331 template <typename T> inline
332 size_t maxheap_reorder (size_t k, T * bh_val, long * bh_ids)
333 {
334 return heap_reorder< CMax<T, long> > (k, bh_val, bh_ids);
335 }
336
337
338
339
340
341 /*******************************************************************
342 * Operations on heap arrays
343 *******************************************************************/
344
345 /** a template structure for a set of [min|max]-heaps it is tailored
346 * so that the actual data of the heaps can just live in compact
347 * arrays.
348 */
349 template <typename C>
350 struct HeapArray {
351 typedef typename C::TI TI;
352 typedef typename C::T T;
353
354 size_t nh; ///< number of heaps
355 size_t k; ///< allocated size per heap
356 TI * ids; ///< identifiers (size nh * k)
357 T * val; ///< values (distances or similarities), size nh * k
358
359 /// Return the list of values for a heap
360 T * get_val (size_t key) { return val + key * k; }
361
362 /// Correspponding identifiers
363 TI * get_ids (size_t key) { return ids + key * k; }
364
365 /// prepare all the heaps before adding
366 void heapify ();
367
368 /** add nj elements to heaps i0:i0+ni, with sequential ids
369 *
370 * @param nj nb of elements to add to each heap
371 * @param vin elements to add, size ni * nj
372 * @param j0 add this to the ids that are added
373 * @param i0 first heap to update
374 * @param ni nb of elements to update (-1 = use nh)
375 */
376 void addn (size_t nj, const T *vin, TI j0 = 0,
377 size_t i0 = 0, long ni = -1);
378
379 /** same as addn
380 *
381 * @param id_in ids of the elements to add, size ni * nj
382 * @param id_stride stride for id_in
383 */
384 void addn_with_ids (
385 size_t nj, const T *vin, const TI *id_in = nullptr,
386 long id_stride = 0, size_t i0 = 0, long ni = -1);
387
388 /// reorder all the heaps
389 void reorder ();
390
391 /** this is not really a heap function. It just finds the per-line
392 * extrema of each line of array D
393 * @param vals_out extreme value of each line (size nh, or NULL)
394 * @param idx_out index of extreme value (size nh or NULL)
395 */
396 void per_line_extrema (T *vals_out, TI *idx_out) const;
397
398 };
399
400
401 /* Define useful heaps */
402 typedef HeapArray<CMin<float, long> > float_minheap_array_t;
403 typedef HeapArray<CMin<int, long> > int_minheap_array_t;
404
405 typedef HeapArray<CMax<float, long> > float_maxheap_array_t;
406 typedef HeapArray<CMax<int, long> > int_maxheap_array_t;
407
408 // The heap templates are instanciated explicitly in Heap.cpp
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428 /*********************************************************************
429 * Indirect heaps: instead of having
430 *
431 * node i = (bh_ids[i], bh_val[i]),
432 *
433 * in indirect heaps,
434 *
435 * node i = (bh_ids[i], bh_val[bh_ids[i]]),
436 *
437 *********************************************************************/
438
439
440 template <class C>
441 inline
442 void indirect_heap_pop (
443 size_t k,
444 const typename C::T * bh_val,
445 typename C::TI * bh_ids)
446 {
447 bh_ids--; /* Use 1-based indexing for easier node->child translation */
448 typename C::T val = bh_val[bh_ids[k]];
449 size_t i = 1;
450 while (1) {
451 size_t i1 = i << 1;
452 size_t i2 = i1 + 1;
453 if (i1 > k)
454 break;
455 typename C::TI id1 = bh_ids[i1], id2 = bh_ids[i2];
456 if (i2 == k + 1 || C::cmp(bh_val[id1], bh_val[id2])) {
457 if (C::cmp(val, bh_val[id1]))
458 break;
459 bh_ids[i] = id1;
460 i = i1;
461 } else {
462 if (C::cmp(val, bh_val[id2]))
463 break;
464 bh_ids[i] = id2;
465 i = i2;
466 }
467 }
468 bh_ids[i] = bh_ids[k];
469 }
470
471
472
473 template <class C>
474 inline
475 void indirect_heap_push (size_t k,
476 const typename C::T * bh_val, typename C::TI * bh_ids,
477 typename C::TI id)
478 {
479 bh_ids--; /* Use 1-based indexing for easier node->child translation */
480 typename C::T val = bh_val[id];
481 size_t i = k;
482 while (i > 1) {
483 size_t i_father = i >> 1;
484 if (!C::cmp (val, bh_val[bh_ids[i_father]]))
485 break;
486 bh_ids[i] = bh_ids[i_father];
487 i = i_father;
488 }
489 bh_ids[i] = id;
490 }
491
492
493
494
495 } // namespace faiss
496
497 #endif /* FAISS_Heap_h */
faiss::HeapArray::get_val
T * get_val(size_t key)
Return the list of values for a heap.
Definition: Heap.h:360
faiss::CMax
Definition: Heap.h:48
faiss::heap_pop
void heap_pop(size_t k, typename C::T *bh_val, typename C::TI *bh_ids)
Definition: Heap.h:90
faiss::HeapArray::k
size_t k
allocated size per heap
Definition: Heap.h:355
faiss::HeapArray::reorder
void reorder()
reorder all the heaps
Definition: Heap.cpp:34
faiss::HeapArray::per_line_extrema
void per_line_extrema(T *vals_out, TI *idx_out) const
Definition: Heap.cpp:92
faiss::HeapArray
Definition: Heap.h:350
faiss::HeapArray::ids
TI * ids
identifiers (size nh * k)
Definition: Heap.h:356
faiss::HeapArray::addn_with_ids
void addn_with_ids(size_t nj, const T *vin, const TI *id_in=nullptr, long id_stride=0, size_t i0=0, long ni=-1)
Definition: Heap.cpp:64
faiss::HeapArray::heapify
void heapify()
prepare all the heaps before adding
Definition: Heap.cpp:26
faiss::HeapArray::get_ids
TI * get_ids(size_t key)
Correspponding identifiers.
Definition: Heap.h:363
faiss::HeapArray::val
T * val
values (distances or similarities), size nh * k
Definition: Heap.h:357
faiss::HeapArray::nh
size_t nh
number of heaps
Definition: Heap.h:354
faiss::heap_push
void heap_push(size_t k, typename C::T *bh_val, typename C::TI *bh_ids, typename C::T val, typename C::TI ids)
Definition: Heap.h:126
faiss::HeapArray::addn
void addn(size_t nj, const T *vin, TI j0=0, size_t i0=0, long ni=-1)
Definition: Heap.cpp:42
faiss::CMin
Definition: Heap.h:53