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/data/users/matthijs/github_faiss/faiss/VectorTransform.h
1 /**
2 * Copyright (c) 2015-present, Facebook, Inc.
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This source code is licensed under the BSD+Patents license found in the
6 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
7 */
8
9 // Copyright 2004-present Facebook. All Rights Reserved.
10 // -*- c++ -*-
11
12 #ifndef FAISS_VECTOR_TRANSFORM_H
13 #define FAISS_VECTOR_TRANSFORM_H
14
15 /** Defines a few objects that apply transformations to a set of
16 * vectors Often these are pre-processing steps.
17 */
18
19 #include <vector>
20
21 #include "Index.h"
22
23
24 namespace faiss {
25
26
27 /** Any transformation applied on a set of vectors */
28 struct VectorTransform {
29
30 typedef Index::idx_t idx_t;
31
32 int d_in; ///! input dimension
33 int d_out; ///! output dimension
34
35 explicit VectorTransform (int d_in = 0, int d_out = 0):
36 d_in(d_in), d_out(d_out), is_trained(true)
37 {}
38
39
40 /// set if the LinearTransform does not require training, or if
41 /// training is done already
42 bool is_trained;
43
44
45 /** Perform training on a representative set of vectors. Does
46 * nothing by default.
47 *
48 * @param n nb of training vectors
49 * @param x training vecors, size n * d
50 */
51 virtual void train (idx_t n, const float *x);
52
53 /** apply the random roation, return new allocated matrix
54 * @param x size n * d_in
55 * @return size n * d_out
56 */
57 float *apply (idx_t n, const float * x) const;
58
59 /// same as apply, but result is pre-allocated
60 virtual void apply_noalloc (idx_t n, const float * x,
61 float *xt) const = 0;
62
63 /// reverse transformation. May not be implemented or may return
64 /// approximate result
65 virtual void reverse_transform (idx_t n, const float * xt,
66 float *x) const;
67
68 virtual ~VectorTransform () {}
69
70 };
71
72
73
74 /** Generic linear transformation, with bias term applied on output
75 * y = A * x + b
76 */
77 struct LinearTransform: VectorTransform {
78
79 bool have_bias; ///! whether to use the bias term
80
81 /// Transformation matrix, size d_out * d_in
82 std::vector<float> A;
83
84 /// bias vector, size d_out
85 std::vector<float> b;
86
87 /// both d_in > d_out and d_out < d_in are supported
88 explicit LinearTransform (int d_in = 0, int d_out = 0,
89 bool have_bias = false);
90
91 /// same as apply, but result is pre-allocated
92 void apply_noalloc(idx_t n, const float* x, float* xt) const override;
93
94 /// compute x = A^T * (x - b)
95 /// is reverse transform if A has orthonormal lines
96 void transform_transpose (idx_t n, const float * y,
97 float *x) const;
98
99 bool verbose;
100
101 ~LinearTransform() override {}
102 };
103
104
105
106 /// Randomly rotate a set of vectors
107 struct RandomRotationMatrix: LinearTransform {
108
109 /// both d_in > d_out and d_out < d_in are supported
110 RandomRotationMatrix (int d_in, int d_out):
111 LinearTransform(d_in, d_out, false) {}
112
113 /// must be called before the transform is used
114 void init(int seed);
115
116 void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float* xt, float* x) const override;
117
118 RandomRotationMatrix () {}
119 };
120
121
122 /** Applies a principal component analysis on a set of vectors,
123 * with optionally whitening and random rotation. */
124 struct PCAMatrix: LinearTransform {
125
126 /** after transformation the components are multiplied by
127 * eigenvalues^eigen_power
128 *
129 * =0: no whitening
130 * =-2: full whitening
131 */
132 float eigen_power;
133
134 /// random rotation after PCA
135 bool random_rotation;
136
137 /// ratio between # training vectors and dimension
138 size_t max_points_per_d;
139
140 /// try to distribute output eigenvectors in this many bins
141 int balanced_bins;
142
143 /// Mean, size d_in
144 std::vector<float> mean;
145
146 /// eigenvalues of covariance matrix (= squared singular values)
147 std::vector<float> eigenvalues;
148
149 /// PCA matrix, size d_in * d_in
150 std::vector<float> PCAMat;
151
152 // the final matrix is computed after random rotation and/or whitening
153 explicit PCAMatrix (int d_in = 0, int d_out = 0,
154 float eigen_power = 0, bool random_rotation = false);
155
156 /// train on n vectors. If n < d_in then the eigenvector matrix
157 /// will be completed with 0s
158 void train(Index::idx_t n, const float* x) override;
159
160 void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float* xt, float* x) const override;
161
162 /// copy pre-trained PCA matrix
163 void copy_from (const PCAMatrix & other);
164
165 /// called after mean, PCAMat and eigenvalues are computed
166 void prepare_Ab();
167
168 };
169
170
171
172 /** Applies a rotation to align the dimensions with a PQ to minimize
173 * the reconstruction error. Can be used before an IndexPQ or an
174 * IndexIVFPQ. The method is the non-parametric version described in:
175 *
176 * "Optimized Product Quantization for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search"
177 * Tiezheng Ge, Kaiming He, Qifa Ke, Jian Sun, CVPR'13
178 *
179 */
180 struct OPQMatrix: LinearTransform {
181
182 int M; ///< nb of subquantizers
183 int niter; ///< Number of outer training iterations
184 int niter_pq; ///< Number of training iterations for the PQ
185 int niter_pq_0; ///< same, for the first outer iteration
186
187 /// if there are too many training points, resample
188 size_t max_train_points;
189 bool verbose;
190
191 /// if d2 != -1, output vectors of this dimension
192 explicit OPQMatrix (int d = 0, int M = 1, int d2 = -1);
193
194 void train(Index::idx_t n, const float* x) override;
195
196 void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float* xt, float* x) const override;
197 };
198
199
200 /** remap dimensions for intput vectors, possibly inserting 0s
201 * strictly speaking this is also a linear transform but we don't want
202 * to compute it with matrix multiplies */
203 struct RemapDimensionsTransform: VectorTransform {
204
205 /// map from output dimension to input, size d_out
206 /// -1 -> set output to 0
207 std::vector<int> map;
208
209 RemapDimensionsTransform (int d_in, int d_out, const int *map);
210
211 /// remap input to output, skipping or inserting dimensions as needed
212 /// if uniform: distribute dimensions uniformly
213 /// otherwise just take the d_out first ones.
214 RemapDimensionsTransform (int d_in, int d_out, bool uniform = true);
215
216 void apply_noalloc(idx_t n, const float* x, float* xt) const override;
217
218 /// reverse transform correct only when the mapping is a permuation
219 void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float* xt, float* x) const override;
220
221 RemapDimensionsTransform () {}
222 };
223
224
225 /** per-vector normalization */
226 struct NormalizationTransform: VectorTransform {
227 float norm;
228
229 explicit NormalizationTransform (int d, float norm = 2.0);
230 NormalizationTransform ();
231
232 void apply_noalloc(idx_t n, const float* x, float* xt) const override;
233 };
234
235
236
237 /** Index that applies a LinearTransform transform on vectors before
238 * handing them over to a sub-index */
239 struct IndexPreTransform: Index {
240
241 std::vector<VectorTransform *> chain; ///! chain of tranforms
242 Index * index; ///! the sub-index
243
244 bool own_fields; ///! whether pointers are deleted in destructor
245
246 explicit IndexPreTransform (Index *index);
247
248 IndexPreTransform ();
249
250 /// ltrans is the last transform before the index
251 IndexPreTransform (VectorTransform * ltrans, Index * index);
252
253 void prepend_transform (VectorTransform * ltrans);
254
255 void train(idx_t n, const float* x) override;
256
257 void add(idx_t n, const float* x) override;
258
259 void add_with_ids(idx_t n, const float* x, const long* xids) override;
260
261 void reset() override;
262
263 /** removes IDs from the index. Not supported by all indexes.
264 */
265 long remove_ids(const IDSelector& sel) override;
266
267 void search(
268 idx_t n,
269 const float* x,
270 idx_t k,
271 float* distances,
272 idx_t* labels) const override;
273
274 void reconstruct_n (idx_t i0, idx_t ni, float *recons)
275 const override;
276
277 /// apply the transforms in the chain. The returned float * may be
278 /// equal to x, otherwise it should be deallocated.
279 const float * apply_chain (idx_t n, const float *x) const;
280
281 ~IndexPreTransform() override;
282 };
283
284
285
286 } // namespace faiss
287
288
289
290 #endif
faiss::LinearTransform::transform_transpose
void transform_transpose(idx_t n, const float *y, float *x) const
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:134
faiss::IndexPreTransform::index
Index * index
! chain of tranforms
Definition: VectorTransform.h:242
faiss::RandomRotationMatrix
Randomly rotate a set of vectors.
Definition: VectorTransform.h:107
faiss::OPQMatrix::niter
int niter
Number of outer training iterations.
Definition: VectorTransform.h:183
faiss::RandomRotationMatrix::RandomRotationMatrix
RandomRotationMatrix(int d_in, int d_out)
both d_in &gt; d_out and d_out &lt; d_in are supported
Definition: VectorTransform.h:110
faiss::RandomRotationMatrix::init
void init(int seed)
must be called before the transform is used
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:164
faiss::IndexPreTransform::reset
void reset() override
removes all elements from the database.
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:874
faiss::OPQMatrix::niter_pq
int niter_pq
Number of training iterations for the PQ.
Definition: VectorTransform.h:184
faiss::LinearTransform::A
std::vector< float > A
! whether to use the bias term
Definition: VectorTransform.h:82
faiss::PCAMatrix::eigen_power
float eigen_power
Definition: VectorTransform.h:132
faiss::IDSelector
Definition: AuxIndexStructures.h:52
faiss::LinearTransform::LinearTransform
LinearTransform(int d_in=0, int d_out=0, bool have_bias=false)
both d_in &gt; d_out and d_out &lt; d_in are supported
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:99
faiss::PCAMatrix
Definition: VectorTransform.h:124
faiss::VectorTransform::VectorTransform
VectorTransform(int d_in=0, int d_out=0)
! output dimension
Definition: VectorTransform.h:35
faiss::OPQMatrix
Definition: VectorTransform.h:180
faiss::PCAMatrix::train
void train(Index::idx_t n, const float *x) override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:271
faiss::IndexPreTransform
Definition: VectorTransform.h:239
faiss::PCAMatrix::mean
std::vector< float > mean
Mean, size d_in.
Definition: VectorTransform.h:144
faiss::RemapDimensionsTransform::map
std::vector< int > map
Definition: VectorTransform.h:207
faiss::IndexPreTransform::apply_chain
const float * apply_chain(idx_t n, const float *x) const
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:827
faiss::PCAMatrix::PCAMat
std::vector< float > PCAMat
PCA matrix, size d_in * d_in.
Definition: VectorTransform.h:150
faiss::IndexPreTransform::train
void train(idx_t n, const float *x) override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:791
faiss::LinearTransform::b
std::vector< float > b
bias vector, size d_out
Definition: VectorTransform.h:85
faiss::LinearTransform
Definition: VectorTransform.h:77
faiss::OPQMatrix::train
void train(Index::idx_t n, const float *x) override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:548
faiss::PCAMatrix::balanced_bins
int balanced_bins
try to distribute output eigenvectors in this many bins
Definition: VectorTransform.h:141
faiss::VectorTransform::is_trained
bool is_trained
Definition: VectorTransform.h:42
faiss::Index::idx_t
long idx_t
all indices are this type
Definition: Index.h:62
faiss::IndexPreTransform::reconstruct_n
void reconstruct_n(idx_t i0, idx_t ni, float *recons) const override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:886
faiss::NormalizationTransform::apply_noalloc
void apply_noalloc(idx_t n, const float *x, float *xt) const override
same as apply, but result is pre-allocated
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:731
faiss::VectorTransform
Definition: VectorTransform.h:28
faiss::IndexPreTransform::own_fields
bool own_fields
! the sub-index
Definition: VectorTransform.h:244
faiss::OPQMatrix::niter_pq_0
int niter_pq_0
same, for the first outer iteration
Definition: VectorTransform.h:185
faiss::OPQMatrix::reverse_transform
void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float *xt, float *x) const override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:709
faiss::VectorTransform::train
virtual void train(idx_t n, const float *x)
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:80
faiss::RandomRotationMatrix::reverse_transform
void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float *xt, float *x) const override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:189
faiss::VectorTransform::reverse_transform
virtual void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float *xt, float *x) const
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:85
faiss::RemapDimensionsTransform::reverse_transform
void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float *xt, float *x) const override
reverse transform correct only when the mapping is a permuation
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:955
faiss::RemapDimensionsTransform
Definition: VectorTransform.h:203
faiss::PCAMatrix::reverse_transform
void reverse_transform(idx_t n, const float *xt, float *x) const override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:522
faiss::OPQMatrix::max_train_points
size_t max_train_points
if there are too many training points, resample
Definition: VectorTransform.h:188
faiss::PCAMatrix::copy_from
void copy_from(const PCAMatrix &other)
copy pre-trained PCA matrix
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:413
faiss::VectorTransform::d_out
int d_out
! input dimension
Definition: VectorTransform.h:33
faiss::OPQMatrix::OPQMatrix
OPQMatrix(int d=0, int M=1, int d2=-1)
if d2 != -1, output vectors of this dimension
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:535
faiss::Index
Definition: Index.h:60
faiss::PCAMatrix::prepare_Ab
void prepare_Ab()
called after mean, PCAMat and eigenvalues are computed
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:423
faiss::IndexPreTransform::add
void add(idx_t n, const float *x) override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:842
faiss::RemapDimensionsTransform::apply_noalloc
void apply_noalloc(idx_t n, const float *x, float *xt) const override
same as apply, but result is pre-allocated
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:943
faiss::PCAMatrix::eigenvalues
std::vector< float > eigenvalues
eigenvalues of covariance matrix (= squared singular values)
Definition: VectorTransform.h:147
faiss::IndexPreTransform::search
void search(idx_t n, const float *x, idx_t k, float *distances, idx_t *labels) const override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:864
faiss::NormalizationTransform
Definition: VectorTransform.h:226
faiss::IndexPreTransform::add_with_ids
void add_with_ids(idx_t n, const float *x, const long *xids) override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:851
faiss::PCAMatrix::random_rotation
bool random_rotation
random rotation after PCA
Definition: VectorTransform.h:135
faiss::PCAMatrix::max_points_per_d
size_t max_points_per_d
ratio between # training vectors and dimension
Definition: VectorTransform.h:138
faiss::VectorTransform::apply
float * apply(idx_t n, const float *x) const
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:72
faiss::IndexPreTransform::remove_ids
long remove_ids(const IDSelector &sel) override
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:879
faiss::VectorTransform::apply_noalloc
virtual void apply_noalloc(idx_t n, const float *x, float *xt) const =0
same as apply, but result is pre-allocated
faiss::OPQMatrix::M
int M
nb of subquantizers
Definition: VectorTransform.h:182
faiss::LinearTransform::apply_noalloc
void apply_noalloc(idx_t n, const float *x, float *xt) const override
same as apply, but result is pre-allocated
Definition: VectorTransform.cpp:105