// Copyright (C) 2015  Davis E. King (davis@dlib.net)
// License: Boost Software License   See LICENSE.txt for the full license.
#ifndef DLIB_DNn_LOSS_H_
#define DLIB_DNn_LOSS_H_

#include "loss_abstract.h"
#include "core.h"
#include "../matrix.h"
#include "tensor_tools.h"

namespace dlib
{

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class loss_binary_hinge_ 
    {
    public:

        typedef float label_type;

        template <
            typename SUB_TYPE,
            typename label_iterator
            >
        void to_label (
            const tensor& input_tensor,
            const SUB_TYPE& sub,
            label_iterator iter
        ) const
        {
            DLIB_CASSERT(sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 1);

            const tensor& output_tensor = sub.get_output();
            DLIB_CASSERT(output_tensor.nr() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.nc() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.k() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == output_tensor.num_samples());

            const float* out_data = output_tensor.host();
            for (long i = 0; i < output_tensor.num_samples(); ++i)
            {
                *iter++ = out_data[i];
            }
        }

        template <
            typename const_label_iterator,
            typename SUBNET
            >
        double compute_loss_value_and_gradient (
            const tensor& input_tensor,
            const_label_iterator truth, 
            SUBNET& sub
        ) const
        {
            const tensor& output_tensor = sub.get_output();
            tensor& grad = sub.get_gradient_input();

            DLIB_CASSERT(sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() != 0);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples()%sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 0);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == grad.num_samples());
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == output_tensor.num_samples());
            DLIB_CASSERT(output_tensor.nr() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.nc() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.k() == 1);

            // The loss we output is the average loss over the mini-batch.
            const double scale = 1.0/output_tensor.num_samples();
            double loss = 0;
            const float* out_data = output_tensor.host();
            float* g = grad.host_write_only();
            for (long i = 0; i < output_tensor.num_samples(); ++i)
            {
                const float y = *truth++;
                DLIB_CASSERT(y == +1 || y == -1, "y: " << y);
                const float temp = 1-y*out_data[i];
                if (temp > 0)
                {
                    loss += scale*temp;
                    g[i] = -scale*y;
                }
                else
                {
                    g[i] = 0;
                }
            }
            return loss;
        }

        friend void serialize(const loss_binary_hinge_& , std::ostream& out)
        {
            serialize("loss_binary_hinge_", out);
        }

        friend void deserialize(loss_binary_hinge_& , std::istream& in)
        {
            std::string version;
            deserialize(version, in);
            if (version != "loss_binary_hinge_")
                throw serialization_error("Unexpected version found while deserializing dlib::loss_binary_hinge_.");
        }

        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const loss_binary_hinge_& )
        {
            out << "loss_binary_hinge";
            return out;
        }

        friend void to_xml(const loss_binary_hinge_& /*item*/, std::ostream& out)
        {
            out << "<loss_binary_hinge/>";
        }

    };

    template <typename SUBNET>
    using loss_binary_hinge = add_loss_layer<loss_binary_hinge_, SUBNET>;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class loss_binary_log_ 
    {
    public:

        typedef float label_type;

        template <
            typename SUB_TYPE,
            typename label_iterator
            >
        void to_label (
            const tensor& input_tensor,
            const SUB_TYPE& sub,
            label_iterator iter
        ) const
        {
            DLIB_CASSERT(sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 1);

            const tensor& output_tensor = sub.get_output();
            DLIB_CASSERT(output_tensor.nr() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.nc() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.k() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == output_tensor.num_samples());

            const float* out_data = output_tensor.host();
            for (long i = 0; i < output_tensor.num_samples(); ++i)
            {
                *iter++ = out_data[i];
            }
        }


        template <
            typename const_label_iterator,
            typename SUBNET
            >
        double compute_loss_value_and_gradient (
            const tensor& input_tensor,
            const_label_iterator truth, 
            SUBNET& sub
        ) const
        {
            const tensor& output_tensor = sub.get_output();
            tensor& grad = sub.get_gradient_input();

            DLIB_CASSERT(sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() != 0);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples()%sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 0);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == grad.num_samples());
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == output_tensor.num_samples());
            DLIB_CASSERT(output_tensor.nr() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.nc() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.k() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(grad.nr() == 1 && 
                         grad.nc() == 1 && 
                         grad.k() == 1);

            tt::sigmoid(grad, output_tensor);

            // The loss we output is the average loss over the mini-batch.
            const double scale = 1.0/output_tensor.num_samples();
            double loss = 0;
            float* g = grad.host();
            const float* out_data = output_tensor.host();
            for (long i = 0; i < output_tensor.num_samples(); ++i)
            {
                const float y = *truth++;
                DLIB_CASSERT(y == +1 || y == -1, "y: " << y);
                float temp;
                if (y > 0)
                {
                    temp = log1pexp(-out_data[i]);
                    loss += scale*temp;
                    g[i] = scale*(g[i]-1);
                }
                else
                {
                    temp = -(-out_data[i]-log1pexp(-out_data[i]));
                    loss += scale*temp;
                    g[i] = scale*g[i];
                }
            }
            return loss;
        }

        friend void serialize(const loss_binary_log_& , std::ostream& out)
        {
            serialize("loss_binary_log_", out);
        }

        friend void deserialize(loss_binary_log_& , std::istream& in)
        {
            std::string version;
            deserialize(version, in);
            if (version != "loss_binary_log_")
                throw serialization_error("Unexpected version found while deserializing dlib::loss_binary_log_.");
        }

        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const loss_binary_log_& )
        {
            out << "loss_binary_log";
            return out;
        }

        friend void to_xml(const loss_binary_log_& /*item*/, std::ostream& out)
        {
            out << "<loss_binary_log/>";
        }

    };

    template <typename SUBNET>
    using loss_binary_log = add_loss_layer<loss_binary_log_, SUBNET>;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class loss_multiclass_log_ 
    {
    public:

        typedef unsigned long label_type;

        template <
            typename SUB_TYPE,
            typename label_iterator
            >
        void to_label (
            const tensor& input_tensor,
            const SUB_TYPE& sub,
            label_iterator iter
        ) const
        {
            const tensor& output_tensor = sub.get_output();
            DLIB_CASSERT(sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(output_tensor.nr() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.nc() == 1 );
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == output_tensor.num_samples());


            // Note that output_tensor.k() should match the number of labels.

            for (long i = 0; i < output_tensor.num_samples(); ++i)
            {
                // The index of the largest output for this sample is the label.
                *iter++ = index_of_max(rowm(mat(output_tensor),i));
            }
        }


        template <
            typename const_label_iterator,
            typename SUBNET
            >
        double compute_loss_value_and_gradient (
            const tensor& input_tensor,
            const_label_iterator truth, 
            SUBNET& sub
        ) const
        {
            const tensor& output_tensor = sub.get_output();
            tensor& grad = sub.get_gradient_input();

            DLIB_CASSERT(sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() != 0);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples()%sub.sample_expansion_factor() == 0);
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == grad.num_samples());
            DLIB_CASSERT(input_tensor.num_samples() == output_tensor.num_samples());
            DLIB_CASSERT(output_tensor.nr() == 1 && 
                         output_tensor.nc() == 1);
            DLIB_CASSERT(grad.nr() == 1 && 
                         grad.nc() == 1);

            tt::softmax(grad, output_tensor);

            // The loss we output is the average loss over the mini-batch.
            const double scale = 1.0/output_tensor.num_samples();
            double loss = 0;
            float* g = grad.host();
            for (long i = 0; i < output_tensor.num_samples(); ++i)
            {
                const long y = (long)*truth++;
                // The network must produce a number of outputs that is equal to the number
                // of labels when using this type of loss.
                DLIB_CASSERT(y < output_tensor.k(), "y: " << y << ", output_tensor.k(): " << output_tensor.k());
                for (long k = 0; k < output_tensor.k(); ++k)
                {
                    const unsigned long idx = i*output_tensor.k()+k;
                    if (k == y)
                    {
                        loss += scale*-std::log(g[idx]);
                        g[idx] = scale*(g[idx]-1);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        g[idx] = scale*g[idx];
                    }
                }
            }
            return loss;
        }

        friend void serialize(const loss_multiclass_log_& , std::ostream& out)
        {
            serialize("loss_multiclass_log_", out);
        }

        friend void deserialize(loss_multiclass_log_& , std::istream& in)
        {
            std::string version;
            deserialize(version, in);
            if (version != "loss_multiclass_log_")
                throw serialization_error("Unexpected version found while deserializing dlib::loss_multiclass_log_.");
        }

        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const loss_multiclass_log_& )
        {
            out << "loss_multiclass_log";
            return out;
        }

        friend void to_xml(const loss_multiclass_log_& /*item*/, std::ostream& out)
        {
            out << "<loss_multiclass_log/>";
        }

    };

    template <typename SUBNET>
    using loss_multiclass_log = add_loss_layer<loss_multiclass_log_, SUBNET>;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

}

#endif // DLIB_DNn_LOSS_H_

