Merge pull request #7366 from CocoaPods/seg-examples-xcode-9

 [Examples] Get examples building with Xcode 9

.circleci/config.yml

+version: 2.0
+jobs:
+  build:
+    macos:
+      xcode: "9.2.0"
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - restore_cache:
+          keys:
+            - v1-gems-{{ checksum "Gemfile.lock" }}
+      - run:
+          name: Setup Dependencies
+          command: |
+            sudo gem update --system
+            bundle check || bundle install --path .bundle
+      - save_cache:
+          key: v1-gems-{{ checksum "Gemfile.lock" }}
+          paths:
+            - ".bundle"
+      - run:
+          name: Fetch CocoaPods Specs
+          command: .circle-scripts/fetch-cocoapods-repo-from-s3.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Setup Git
+          command: |
+            git config --global user.email "tests@cocoapods.org"
+            git config --global user.name "CocoaPods Tests"
+      - run: bundle exec pod env
+      - run:
+          name: Run Examples
+          command: bundle exec rake spec:all
+          environment:
+           COCOAPODS_CI_TASKS: EXAMPLES

Rakefile

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ begin
     desc 'Build all examples'
     task :build do
       Bundler.require 'xcodeproj', :development
-      Dir['examples/*'].each do |dir|
+      Dir['examples/*'].sort.each do |dir|
         Dir.chdir(dir) do
           puts "Example: #{dir}"
 

circle.yml

-machine:
-  ruby:
-    version: system
-  xcode:
-    version: "8.2"
-
-dependencies:
-  override:
-    - sudo gem update --system
-    - bundle check || bundle install --path .bundle
-    - .circle-scripts/fetch-cocoapods-repo-from-s3.sh
-  cache_directories:
-    - .bundle
-
-test:
-  pre:
-    - git config --global user.email "tests@cocoapods.org"
-    - git config --global user.name "CocoaPods Tests"
-    - bundle exec pod env
-  override:
-    - bundle exec rake spec:all:
-        environment:
-          COCOAPODS_CI_TASKS: EXAMPLES

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Alamofire.podspec

 Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.name = 'Alamofire'
-  s.version = '3.3.0'
+  s.version = '4.6.0'
   s.license = 'MIT'
   s.summary = 'Elegant HTTP Networking in Swift'
   s.homepage = 'https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire'
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.source = { :git => 'https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git', :tag => s.version }
 
   s.ios.deployment_target = '8.0'
-  s.osx.deployment_target = '10.9'
+  s.osx.deployment_target = '10.10'
   s.tvos.deployment_target = '9.0'
   s.watchos.deployment_target = '2.0'
 

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/LICENSE

-Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/README.md

-![Alamofire: Elegant Networking in Swift](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/assets/alamofire.png)
+![Alamofire: Elegant Networking in Swift](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/master/alamofire.png)
 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Alamofire/Alamofire.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/Alamofire/Alamofire)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Alamofire/Alamofire.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/Alamofire/Alamofire)
 [![CocoaPods Compatible](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/Alamofire.svg)](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/Alamofire.svg)
 [![Carthage Compatible](https://img.shields.io/badge/Carthage-compatible-4BC51D.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage)
-[![Platform](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/p/Alamofire.svg?style=flat)](http://cocoadocs.org/docsets/Alamofire)
+[![Platform](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/p/Alamofire.svg?style=flat)](https://alamofire.github.io/Alamofire)
 [![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@AlamofireSF-blue.svg?style=flat)](http://twitter.com/AlamofireSF)
+[![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Alamofire/Alamofire.svg)](https://gitter.im/Alamofire/Alamofire?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge)
 
 Alamofire is an HTTP networking library written in Swift.
 
+- [Features](#features)
+- [Component Libraries](#component-libraries)
+- [Requirements](#requirements)
+- [Migration Guides](#migration-guides)
+- [Communication](#communication)
+- [Installation](#installation)
+- [Usage](Documentation/Usage.md)
+    - **Intro -** [Making a Request](Documentation/Usage.md#making-a-request), [Response Handling](Documentation/Usage.md#response-handling), [Response Validation](Documentation/Usage.md#response-validation), [Response Caching](Documentation/Usage.md#response-caching)
+	- **HTTP -** [HTTP Methods](Documentation/Usage.md#http-methods), [Parameter Encoding](Documentation/Usage.md#parameter-encoding), [HTTP Headers](Documentation/Usage.md#http-headers), [Authentication](Documentation/Usage.md#authentication)
+	- **Large Data -** [Downloading Data to a File](Documentation/Usage.md#downloading-data-to-a-file), [Uploading Data to a Server](Documentation/Usage.md#uploading-data-to-a-server)
+	- **Tools -** [Statistical Metrics](Documentation/Usage.md#statistical-metrics), [cURL Command Output](Documentation/Usage.md#curl-command-output)
+- [Advanced Usage](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md)
+	- **URL Session -** [Session Manager](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#session-manager), [Session Delegate](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#session-delegate), [Request](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#request)
+	- **Routing -** [Routing Requests](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#routing-requests), [Adapting and Retrying Requests](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#adapting-and-retrying-requests)
+	- **Model Objects -** [Custom Response Serialization](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#custom-response-serialization)
+	- **Connection -** [Security](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#security), [Network Reachability](Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md#network-reachability)
+- [Open Radars](#open-radars)
+- [FAQ](#faq)
+- [Credits](#credits)
+- [Donations](#donations)
+- [License](#license)
+
 ## Features
 
-- [x] Chainable Request / Response methods
+- [x] Chainable Request / Response Methods
 - [x] URL / JSON / plist Parameter Encoding
 - [x] Upload File / Data / Stream / MultipartFormData
-- [x] Download using Request or Resume data
-- [x] Authentication with NSURLCredential
+- [x] Download File using Request or Resume Data
+- [x] Authentication with URLCredential
 - [x] HTTP Response Validation
+- [x] Upload and Download Progress Closures with Progress
+- [x] cURL Command Output
+- [x] Dynamically Adapt and Retry Requests
 - [x] TLS Certificate and Public Key Pinning
-- [x] Progress Closure & NSProgress
-- [x] cURL Debug Output
-- [x] Comprehensive Unit Test Coverage
-- [x] [Complete Documentation](http://cocoadocs.org/docsets/Alamofire)
+- [x] Network Reachability
+- [x] Comprehensive Unit and Integration Test Coverage
+- [x] [Complete Documentation](https://alamofire.github.io/Alamofire)
 
 ## Component Libraries
 
 In order to keep Alamofire focused specifically on core networking implementations, additional component libraries have been created by the [Alamofire Software Foundation](https://github.com/Alamofire/Foundation) to bring additional functionality to the Alamofire ecosystem.
 
-* [AlamofireImage](https://github.com/Alamofire/AlamofireImage) - An image library including image response serializers, `UIImage` and `UIImageView` extensions, custom image filters, an auto-purging in-memory cache and a priority-based image downloading system.
-* [AlamofireNetworkActivityIndicator](https://github.com/Alamofire/AlamofireNetworkActivityIndicator) - Controls the visibility of the network activity indicator on iOS using Alamofire. It contains configurable delay timers to help mitigate flicker and can support `NSURLSession` instances not managed by Alamofire.
+- [AlamofireImage](https://github.com/Alamofire/AlamofireImage) - An image library including image response serializers, `UIImage` and `UIImageView` extensions, custom image filters, an auto-purging in-memory cache and a priority-based image downloading system.
+- [AlamofireNetworkActivityIndicator](https://github.com/Alamofire/AlamofireNetworkActivityIndicator) - Controls the visibility of the network activity indicator on iOS using Alamofire. It contains configurable delay timers to help mitigate flicker and can support `URLSession` instances not managed by Alamofire.
 
 ## Requirements
 
-- iOS 8.0+ / Mac OS X 10.9+ / tvOS 9.0+ / watchOS 2.0+
-- Xcode 7.2+
+- iOS 8.0+ / macOS 10.10+ / tvOS 9.0+ / watchOS 2.0+
+- Xcode 8.3+
+- Swift 3.1+
 
 ## Migration Guides
 
+- [Alamofire 4.0 Migration Guide](https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/blob/master/Documentation/Alamofire%204.0%20Migration%20Guide.md)
 - [Alamofire 3.0 Migration Guide](https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/blob/master/Documentation/Alamofire%203.0%20Migration%20Guide.md)
 - [Alamofire 2.0 Migration Guide](https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/blob/master/Documentation/Alamofire%202.0%20Migration%20Guide.md)
 
@@ -49,10 +76,6 @@ In order to keep Alamofire focused specifically on core networking implementatio
 
 ## Installation
 
-> **Embedded frameworks require a minimum deployment target of iOS 8 or OS X Mavericks (10.9).**
->
-> Alamofire is no longer supported on iOS 7 due to the lack of support for frameworks. Without frameworks, running Travis-CI against iOS 7 would require a second duplicated test target. The separate test suite would need to import all the Swift files and the tests would need to be duplicated and re-written. This split would be too difficult to maintain to ensure the highest possible quality of the Alamofire ecosystem.
-
 ### CocoaPods
 
 [CocoaPods](http://cocoapods.org) is a dependency manager for Cocoa projects. You can install it with the following command:
@@ -61,16 +84,18 @@ In order to keep Alamofire focused specifically on core networking implementatio
 $ gem install cocoapods
 ```
 
-> CocoaPods 0.39.0+ is required to build Alamofire 3.0.0+.
+> CocoaPods 1.1+ is required to build Alamofire 4.0+.
 
 To integrate Alamofire into your Xcode project using CocoaPods, specify it in your `Podfile`:
 
 ```ruby
 source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
-platform :ios, '8.0'
+platform :ios, '10.0'
 use_frameworks!
 
-pod 'Alamofire', '~> 3.0'
+target '<Your Target Name>' do
+    pod 'Alamofire', '~> 4.5'
+end
 ```
 
 Then, run the following command:
@@ -93,1087 +118,84 @@ $ brew install carthage
 To integrate Alamofire into your Xcode project using Carthage, specify it in your `Cartfile`:
 
 ```ogdl
-github "Alamofire/Alamofire" ~> 3.0
+github "Alamofire/Alamofire" ~> 4.5
 ```
 
 Run `carthage update` to build the framework and drag the built `Alamofire.framework` into your Xcode project.
 
-### Manually
-
-If you prefer not to use either of the aforementioned dependency managers, you can integrate Alamofire into your project manually.
-
-#### Embedded Framework
-
-- Open up Terminal, `cd` into your top-level project directory, and run the following command "if" your project is not initialized as a git repository:
-
-```bash
-$ git init
-```
-
-- Add Alamofire as a git [submodule](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-submodule) by running the following command:
-
-```bash
-$ git submodule add https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git
-```
-
-- Open the new `Alamofire` folder, and drag the `Alamofire.xcodeproj` into the Project Navigator of your application's Xcode project.
-
-    > It should appear nested underneath your application's blue project icon. Whether it is above or below all the other Xcode groups does not matter.
-
-- Select the `Alamofire.xcodeproj` in the Project Navigator and verify the deployment target matches that of your application target.
-- Next, select your application project in the Project Navigator (blue project icon) to navigate to the target configuration window and select the application target under the "Targets" heading in the sidebar.
-- In the tab bar at the top of that window, open the "General" panel.
-- Click on the `+` button under the "Embedded Binaries" section.
-- You will see two different `Alamofire.xcodeproj` folders each with two different versions of the `Alamofire.framework` nested inside a `Products` folder.
-
-    > It does not matter which `Products` folder you choose from, but it does matter whether you choose the top or bottom `Alamofire.framework`. 
-    
-- Select the top `Alamofire.framework` for iOS and the bottom one for OS X.
-
-    > You can verify which one you selected by inspecting the build log for your project. The build target for `Alamofire` will be listed as either `Alamofire iOS` or `Alamofire OSX`.
-
-- And that's it!
-
-> The `Alamofire.framework` is automagically added as a target dependency, linked framework and embedded framework in a copy files build phase which is all you need to build on the simulator and a device.
-
----
-
-## Usage
-
-### Making a Request
-
-```swift
-import Alamofire
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-```
-
-### Response Handling
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             print(response.request)  // original URL request
-             print(response.response) // URL response
-             print(response.data)     // server data
-             print(response.result)   // result of response serialization
-
-             if let JSON = response.result.value {
-                 print("JSON: \(JSON)")
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-> Networking in Alamofire is done _asynchronously_. Asynchronous programming may be a source of frustration to programmers unfamiliar with the concept, but there are [very good reasons](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/qa/qa1693/_index.html) for doing it this way.
-
-> Rather than blocking execution to wait for a response from the server, a [callback](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callback_%28computer_programming%29) is specified to handle the response once it's received. The result of a request is only available inside the scope of a response handler. Any execution contingent on the response or data received from the server must be done within a handler.
-
-### Response Serialization
+### Swift Package Manager
 
-**Built-in Response Methods**
+The [Swift Package Manager](https://swift.org/package-manager/) is a tool for automating the distribution of Swift code and is integrated into the `swift` compiler. It is in early development, but Alamofire does support its use on supported platforms. 
 
-- `response()`
-- `responseData()`
-- `responseString(encoding: NSStringEncoding)`
-- `responseJSON(options: NSJSONReadingOptions)`
-- `responsePropertyList(options: NSPropertyListReadOptions)`
+Once you have your Swift package set up, adding Alamofire as a dependency is as easy as adding it to the `dependencies` value of your `Package.swift`.
 
-#### Response Handler
+#### Swift 3
 
 ```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .response { request, response, data, error in
-             print(request)
-             print(response)
-             print(data)
-             print(error)
-          }
-```
-
-> The `response` serializer does NOT evaluate any of the response data. It merely forwards on all the information directly from the URL session delegate. We strongly encourage you to leverage the other response serializers taking advantage of `Response` and `Result` types.
-
-#### Response Data Handler
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .responseData { response in
-             print(response.request)
-             print(response.response)
-             print(response.result)
-          }
-```
-
-#### Response String Handler
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-         .responseString { response in
-             print("Success: \(response.result.isSuccess)")
-             print("Response String: \(response.result.value)")
-         }
-```
-
-#### Response JSON Handler
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Chained Response Handlers
-
-Response handlers can even be chained:
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-         .responseString { response in
-             print("Response String: \(response.result.value)")
-         }
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             print("Response JSON: \(response.result.value)")
-         }
-```
-
-### HTTP Methods
-
-`Alamofire.Method` lists the HTTP methods defined in [RFC 7231 §4.3](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3):
-
-```swift
-public enum Method: String {
-    case OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT
-}
-```
-
-These values can be passed as the first argument of the `Alamofire.request` method:
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post")
-
-Alamofire.request(.PUT, "https://httpbin.org/put")
-
-Alamofire.request(.DELETE, "https://httpbin.org/delete")
-```
-
-### Parameters
-
-#### GET Request With URL-Encoded Parameters
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-// https://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar
-```
-
-#### POST Request With URL-Encoded Parameters
-
-```swift
-let parameters = [
-    "foo": "bar",
-    "baz": ["a", 1],
-    "qux": [
-        "x": 1,
-        "y": 2,
-        "z": 3
-    ]
+dependencies: [
+    .Package(url: "https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git", majorVersion: 4)
 ]
-
-Alamofire.request(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", parameters: parameters)
-// HTTP body: foo=bar&baz[]=a&baz[]=1&qux[x]=1&qux[y]=2&qux[z]=3
-```
-
-### Parameter Encoding
-
-Parameters can also be encoded as JSON, Property List, or any custom format, using the `ParameterEncoding` enum:
-
-```swift
-enum ParameterEncoding {
-    case URL
-    case URLEncodedInURL
-    case JSON
-    case PropertyList(format: NSPropertyListFormat, options: NSPropertyListWriteOptions)
-    case Custom((URLRequestConvertible, [String: AnyObject]?) -> (NSMutableURLRequest, NSError?))
-
-    func encode(request: NSURLRequest, parameters: [String: AnyObject]?) -> (NSURLRequest, NSError?)
-    { ... }
-}
-```
-
-- `URL`: A query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query for `GET`, `HEAD`, and `DELETE` requests, or set as the body for requests with any other HTTP method. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request with HTTP body is set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`. _Since there is no published specification for how to encode collection types, Alamofire follows the convention of appending `[]` to the key for array values (`foo[]=1&foo[]=2`), and appending the key surrounded by square brackets for nested dictionary values (`foo[bar]=baz`)._
-- `URLEncodedInURL`: Creates query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query. Uses the same implementation as the `.URL` case, but always applies the encoded result to the URL.
-- `JSON`: Uses `NSJSONSerialization` to create a JSON representation of the parameters object, which is set as the body of the request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is set to `application/json`.
-- `PropertyList`: Uses `NSPropertyListSerialization` to create a plist representation of the parameters object, according to the associated format and write options values, which is set as the body of the request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is set to `application/x-plist`.
-- `Custom`: Uses the associated closure value to construct a new request given an existing request and parameters.
-
-#### Manual Parameter Encoding of an NSURLRequest
-
-```swift
-let URL = NSURL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!
-var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL)
-
-let parameters = ["foo": "bar"]
-let encoding = Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.URL
-(request, _) = encoding.encode(request, parameters: parameters)
-```
-
-#### POST Request with JSON-encoded Parameters
-
-```swift
-let parameters = [
-    "foo": [1,2,3],
-    "bar": [
-        "baz": "qux"
-    ]
-]
-
-Alamofire.request(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", parameters: parameters, encoding: .JSON)
-// HTTP body: {"foo": [1, 2, 3], "bar": {"baz": "qux"}}
-```
-
-### HTTP Headers
-
-Adding a custom HTTP header to a `Request` is supported directly in the global `request` method. This makes it easy to attach HTTP headers to a `Request` that can be constantly changing.
-
-> For HTTP headers that do not change, it is recommended to set them on the `NSURLSessionConfiguration` so they are automatically applied to any `NSURLSessionTask` created by the underlying `NSURLSession`.
-
-```swift
-let headers = [
-    "Authorization": "Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==",
-    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
-]
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", headers: headers)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-### Caching
-
-Caching is handled on the system framework level by [`NSURLCache`](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLCache_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/NSURLCache).
-
-### Uploading
-
-**Supported Upload Types**
-
-- File
-- Data
-- Stream
-- MultipartFormData
-
-#### Uploading a File
-
-```swift
-let fileURL = NSBundle.mainBundle().URLForResource("Default", withExtension: "png")
-Alamofire.upload(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", file: fileURL)
-```
-
-#### Uploading with Progress
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.upload(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", file: fileURL)
-         .progress { bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite in
-             print(totalBytesWritten)
-
-             // This closure is NOT called on the main queue for performance
-             // reasons. To update your ui, dispatch to the main queue.
-             dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                 print("Total bytes written on main queue: \(totalBytesWritten)")
-             }
-         }
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Uploading MultipartFormData
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.upload(
-    .POST,
-    "https://httpbin.org/post",
-    multipartFormData: { multipartFormData in
-        multipartFormData.appendBodyPart(fileURL: unicornImageURL, name: "unicorn")
-        multipartFormData.appendBodyPart(fileURL: rainbowImageURL, name: "rainbow")
-    },
-    encodingCompletion: { encodingResult in
-    	switch encodingResult {
-    	case .Success(let upload, _, _):
-            upload.responseJSON { response in
-                debugPrint(response)
-            }
-    	case .Failure(let encodingError):
-    	    print(encodingError)
-    	}
-    }
-)
-```
-
-### Downloading
-
-**Supported Download Types**
-
-- Request
-- Resume Data
-
-#### Downloading a File
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100") { temporaryURL, response in
-    let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
-    let directoryURL = fileManager.URLsForDirectory(.DocumentDirectory, inDomains: .UserDomainMask)[0]
-    let pathComponent = response.suggestedFilename
-
-    return directoryURL.URLByAppendingPathComponent(pathComponent!)
-}
-```
-
-#### Using the Default Download Destination
-
-```swift
-let destination = Alamofire.Request.suggestedDownloadDestination(directory: .DocumentDirectory, domain: .UserDomainMask)
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-```
-
-#### Downloading a File w/Progress
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-         .progress { bytesRead, totalBytesRead, totalBytesExpectedToRead in
-             print(totalBytesRead)
-
-             // This closure is NOT called on the main queue for performance
-             // reasons. To update your ui, dispatch to the main queue.
-             dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                 print("Total bytes read on main queue: \(totalBytesRead)")
-             }
-         }
-         .response { _, _, _, error in
-             if let error = error {
-                 print("Failed with error: \(error)")
-             } else {
-                 print("Downloaded file successfully")
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-#### Accessing Resume Data for Failed Downloads
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-         .response { _, _, data, _ in
-             if let
-                 data = data,
-                 resumeDataString = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
-             {
-                 print("Resume Data: \(resumeDataString)")
-             } else {
-                 print("Resume Data was empty")
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-> The `data` parameter is automatically populated with the `resumeData` if available.
-
-```swift
-let download = Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-download.response { _, _, _, _ in
-    if let
-        resumeData = download.resumeData,
-        resumeDataString = NSString(data: resumeData, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
-    {
-        print("Resume Data: \(resumeDataString)")
-    } else {
-        print("Resume Data was empty")
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Authentication
-
-Authentication is handled on the system framework level by [`NSURLCredential` and `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge`](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLAuthenticationChallenge_Class/Reference/Reference.html).
-
-**Supported Authentication Schemes**
-
-- [HTTP Basic](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
-- [HTTP Digest](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_access_authentication)
-- [Kerberos](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_%28protocol%29)
-- [NTLM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NT_LAN_Manager)
-
-#### HTTP Basic Authentication
-
-The `authenticate` method on a `Request` will automatically provide an `NSURLCredential` to an `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge` when appropriate:
-
-```swift
-let user = "user"
-let password = "password"
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/\(user)/\(password)")
-         .authenticate(user: user, password: password)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-Depending upon your server implementation, an `Authorization` header may also be appropriate:
-
-```swift
-let user = "user"
-let password = "password"
-
-let credentialData = "\(user):\(password)".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!
-let base64Credentials = credentialData.base64EncodedStringWithOptions([])
-
-let headers = ["Authorization": "Basic \(base64Credentials)"]
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/password", headers: headers)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Authentication with NSURLCredential
-
-```swift
-let user = "user"
-let password = "password"
-
-let credential = NSURLCredential(user: user, password: password, persistence: .ForSession)
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/\(user)/\(password)")
-         .authenticate(usingCredential: credential)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-### Validation
-
-By default, Alamofire treats any completed request to be successful, regardless of the content of the response. Calling `validate` before a response handler causes an error to be generated if the response had an unacceptable status code or MIME type.
-
-#### Manual Validation
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .validate(statusCode: 200..<300)
-         .validate(contentType: ["application/json"])
-         .response { response in
-             print(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Automatic Validation
-
-Automatically validates status code within `200...299` range, and that the `Content-Type` header of the response matches the `Accept` header of the request, if one is provided.
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .validate()
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             switch response.result {
-             case .Success:
-                 print("Validation Successful")
-             case .Failure(let error):
-                 print(error)
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-### Timeline
-
-Alamofire collects timings throughout the lifecycle of a `Request` and creates a `Timeline` object exposed as a property on a `Response`.
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .validate()
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             print(response.timeline)
-         }
-```
-
-The above reports the following `Timeline` info:
-
-- `Latency`: 0.428 seconds
-- `Request Duration`: 0.428 seconds
-- `Serialization Duration`: 0.001 seconds
-- `Total Duration`: 0.429 seconds
-
-### Printable
-
-```swift
-let request = Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/ip")
-
-print(request)
-// GET https://httpbin.org/ip (200)
-```
-
-### DebugPrintable
-
-```swift
-let request = Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-
-debugPrint(request)
-```
-
-#### Output (cURL)
-
-```bash
-$ curl -i \
-	-H "User-Agent: Alamofire" \
-	-H "Accept-Encoding: Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0,compress;q=0.5" \
-	-H "Accept-Language: en;q=1.0,fr;q=0.9,de;q=0.8,zh-Hans;q=0.7,zh-Hant;q=0.6,ja;q=0.5" \
-	"https://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar"
 ```
 
----
-
-## Advanced Usage
-
-> Alamofire is built on `NSURLSession` and the Foundation URL Loading System. To make the most of
-this framework, it is recommended that you be familiar with the concepts and capabilities of the underlying networking stack.
-
-**Recommended Reading**
-
-- [URL Loading System Programming Guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/URLLoadingSystem/URLLoadingSystem.html)
-- [NSURLSession Class Reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Foundation/Reference/NSURLSession_class/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/NSURLSession)
-- [NSURLCache Class Reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLCache_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/NSURLCache)
-- [NSURLAuthenticationChallenge Class Reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLAuthenticationChallenge_Class/Reference/Reference.html)
-
-### Manager
-
-Top-level convenience methods like `Alamofire.request` use a shared instance of `Alamofire.Manager`, which is configured with the default `NSURLSessionConfiguration`.
-
-As such, the following two statements are equivalent:
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-```
+#### Swift 4
 
 ```swift
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager.sharedInstance
-manager.request(NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!))
-```
-
-Applications can create managers for background and ephemeral sessions, as well as new managers that customize the default session configuration, such as for default headers (`HTTPAdditionalHeaders`) or timeout interval (`timeoutIntervalForRequest`).
-
-#### Creating a Manager with Default Configuration
-
-```swift
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-#### Creating a Manager with Background Configuration
-
-```swift
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.backgroundSessionConfigurationWithIdentifier("com.example.app.background")
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-#### Creating a Manager with Ephemeral Configuration
-
-```swift
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.ephemeralSessionConfiguration()
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-#### Modifying Session Configuration
-
-```swift
-var defaultHeaders = Alamofire.Manager.sharedInstance.session.configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders ?? [:]
-defaultHeaders["DNT"] = "1 (Do Not Track Enabled)"
-
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
-configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders = defaultHeaders
-
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-> This is **not** recommended for `Authorization` or `Content-Type` headers. Instead, use `URLRequestConvertible` and `ParameterEncoding`, respectively.
-
-### Request
-
-The result of a `request`, `upload`, or `download` method is an instance of `Alamofire.Request`. A request is always created using a constructor method from an owning manager, and never initialized directly.
-
-Methods like `authenticate`, `validate` and `responseData` return the caller in order to facilitate chaining.
-
-Requests can be suspended, resumed, and cancelled:
-
-- `suspend()`: Suspends the underlying task and dispatch queue
-- `resume()`: Resumes the underlying task and dispatch queue. If the owning manager does not have `startRequestsImmediately` set to `true`, the request must call `resume()` in order to start.
-- `cancel()`: Cancels the underlying task, producing an error that is passed to any registered response handlers.
-
-### Response Serialization
-
-#### Creating a Custom Response Serializer
-
-Alamofire provides built-in response serialization for strings, JSON, and property lists, but others can be added in extensions on `Alamofire.Request`.
-
-For example, here's how a response handler using [Ono](https://github.com/mattt/Ono) might be implemented:
-
-```swift
-extension Request {
-    public static func XMLResponseSerializer() -> ResponseSerializer<ONOXMLDocument, NSError> {
-        return ResponseSerializer { request, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            guard let validData = data else {
-                let failureReason = "Data could not be serialized. Input data was nil."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.DataSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-
-            do {
-                let XML = try ONOXMLDocument(data: validData)
-                return .Success(XML)
-            } catch {
-                return .Failure(error as NSError)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public func responseXMLDocument(completionHandler: Response<ONOXMLDocument, NSError> -> Void) -> Self {
-        return response(responseSerializer: Request.XMLResponseSerializer(), completionHandler: completionHandler)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-#### Generic Response Object Serialization
-
-Generics can be used to provide automatic, type-safe response object serialization.
-
-```swift
-public protocol ResponseObjectSerializable {
-    init?(response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject)
-}
-
-extension Request {
-    public func responseObject<T: ResponseObjectSerializable>(completionHandler: Response<T, NSError> -> Void) -> Self {
-        let responseSerializer = ResponseSerializer<T, NSError> { request, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            let JSONResponseSerializer = Request.JSONResponseSerializer(options: .AllowFragments)
-            let result = JSONResponseSerializer.serializeResponse(request, response, data, error)
-
-            switch result {
-            case .Success(let value):
-                if let
-                    response = response,
-                    responseObject = T(response: response, representation: value)
-                {
-                    return .Success(responseObject)
-                } else {
-                    let failureReason = "JSON could not be serialized into response object: \(value)"
-                    let error = Error.errorWithCode(.JSONSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                    return .Failure(error)
-                }
-            case .Failure(let error):
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return response(responseSerializer: responseSerializer, completionHandler: completionHandler)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-final class User: ResponseObjectSerializable {
-    let username: String
-    let name: String
-
-    init?(response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) {
-        self.username = response.URL!.lastPathComponent!
-        self.name = representation.valueForKeyPath("name") as! String
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://example.com/users/mattt")
-         .responseObject { (response: Response<User, NSError>) in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-The same approach can also be used to handle endpoints that return a representation of a collection of objects:
-
-```swift
-public protocol ResponseCollectionSerializable {
-    static func collection(response response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) -> [Self]
-}
-
-extension Alamofire.Request {
-    public func responseCollection<T: ResponseCollectionSerializable>(completionHandler: Response<[T], NSError> -> Void) -> Self {
-        let responseSerializer = ResponseSerializer<[T], NSError> { request, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            let JSONSerializer = Request.JSONResponseSerializer(options: .AllowFragments)
-            let result = JSONSerializer.serializeResponse(request, response, data, error)
-
-            switch result {
-            case .Success(let value):
-                if let response = response {
-                    return .Success(T.collection(response: response, representation: value))
-                } else {
-                    let failureReason = "Response collection could not be serialized due to nil response"
-                    let error = Error.errorWithCode(.JSONSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                    return .Failure(error)
-                }
-            case .Failure(let error):
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return response(responseSerializer: responseSerializer, completionHandler: completionHandler)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-final class User: ResponseObjectSerializable, ResponseCollectionSerializable {
-    let username: String
-    let name: String
-
-    init?(response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) {
-        self.username = response.URL!.lastPathComponent!
-        self.name = representation.valueForKeyPath("name") as! String
-    }
-
-    static func collection(response response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) -> [User] {
-        var users: [User] = []
-
-        if let representation = representation as? [[String: AnyObject]] {
-            for userRepresentation in representation {
-                if let user = User(response: response, representation: userRepresentation) {
-                    users.append(user)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return users
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://example.com/users")
-         .responseCollection { (response: Response<[User], NSError>) in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-### URLStringConvertible
-
-Types adopting the `URLStringConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL strings, which are then used to construct URL requests. `NSString`, `NSURL`, `NSURLComponents`, and `NSURLRequest` conform to `URLStringConvertible` by default, allowing any of them to be passed as `URLString` parameters to the `request`, `upload`, and `download` methods:
-
-```swift
-let string = NSString(string: "https://httpbin.org/post")
-Alamofire.request(.POST, string)
-
-let URL = NSURL(string: string)!
-Alamofire.request(.POST, URL)
-
-let URLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: URL)
-Alamofire.request(.POST, URLRequest) // overrides `HTTPMethod` of `URLRequest`
-
-let URLComponents = NSURLComponents(URL: URL, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true)
-Alamofire.request(.POST, URLComponents)
-```
-
-Applications interacting with web applications in a significant manner are encouraged to have custom types conform to `URLStringConvertible` as a convenient way to map domain-specific models to server resources.
-
-#### Type-Safe Routing
-
-```swift
-extension User: URLStringConvertible {
-    static let baseURLString = "http://example.com"
-
-    var URLString: String {
-        return User.baseURLString + "/users/\(username)/"
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-let user = User(username: "mattt")
-Alamofire.request(.GET, user) // http://example.com/users/mattt
-```
-
-### URLRequestConvertible
-
-Types adopting the `URLRequestConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL requests. `NSURLRequest` conforms to `URLRequestConvertible` by default, allowing it to be passed into `request`, `upload`, and `download` methods directly (this is the recommended way to specify custom HTTP body for individual requests):
-
-```swift
-let URL = NSURL(string: "https://httpbin.org/post")!
-let mutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL)
-mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod = "POST"
-
-let parameters = ["foo": "bar"]
-
-do {
-    mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(parameters, options: NSJSONWritingOptions())
-} catch {
-    // No-op
-}
-
-mutableURLRequest.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-
-Alamofire.request(mutableURLRequest)
-```
-
-Applications interacting with web applications in a significant manner are encouraged to have custom types conform to `URLRequestConvertible` as a way to ensure consistency of requested endpoints. Such an approach can be used to abstract away server-side inconsistencies and provide type-safe routing, as well as manage authentication credentials and other state.
-
-#### API Parameter Abstraction
-
-```swift
-enum Router: URLRequestConvertible {
-    static let baseURLString = "http://example.com"
-    static let perPage = 50
-
-    case Search(query: String, page: Int)
-
-    // MARK: URLRequestConvertible
-
-    var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest {
-        let result: (path: String, parameters: [String: AnyObject]) = {
-            switch self {
-            case .Search(let query, let page) where page > 1:
-                return ("/search", ["q": query, "offset": Router.perPage * page])
-            case .Search(let query, _):
-                return ("/search", ["q": query])
-            }
-        }()
-
-        let URL = NSURL(string: Router.baseURLString)!
-        let URLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: URL.URLByAppendingPathComponent(result.path))
-        let encoding = Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.URL
-
-        return encoding.encode(URLRequest, parameters: result.parameters).0
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(Router.Search(query: "foo bar", page: 1)) // ?q=foo%20bar&offset=50
-```
-
-#### CRUD & Authorization
-
-```swift
-enum Router: URLRequestConvertible {
-    static let baseURLString = "http://example.com"
-    static var OAuthToken: String?
-
-    case CreateUser([String: AnyObject])
-    case ReadUser(String)
-    case UpdateUser(String, [String: AnyObject])
-    case DestroyUser(String)
-
-    var method: Alamofire.Method {
-        switch self {
-        case .CreateUser:
-            return .POST
-        case .ReadUser:
-            return .GET
-        case .UpdateUser:
-            return .PUT
-        case .DestroyUser:
-            return .DELETE
-        }
-    }
-
-    var path: String {
-        switch self {
-        case .CreateUser:
-            return "/users"
-        case .ReadUser(let username):
-            return "/users/\(username)"
-        case .UpdateUser(let username, _):
-            return "/users/\(username)"
-        case .DestroyUser(let username):
-            return "/users/\(username)"
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: URLRequestConvertible
-
-    var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest {
-        let URL = NSURL(string: Router.baseURLString)!
-        let mutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL.URLByAppendingPathComponent(path))
-        mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod = method.rawValue
-
-        if let token = Router.OAuthToken {
-            mutableURLRequest.setValue("Bearer \(token)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
-        }
-
-        switch self {
-        case .CreateUser(let parameters):
-            return Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.JSON.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-        case .UpdateUser(_, let parameters):
-            return Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.URL.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-        default:
-            return mutableURLRequest
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(Router.ReadUser("mattt")) // GET /users/mattt
-```
-
-### Security
-
-Using a secure HTTPS connection when communicating with servers and web services is an important step in securing sensitive data. By default, Alamofire will evaluate the certificate chain provided by the server using Apple's built in validation provided by the Security framework. While this guarantees the certificate chain is valid, it does not prevent man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks or other potential vulnerabilities. In order to mitigate MITM attacks, applications dealing with sensitive customer data or financial information should use certificate or public key pinning provided by the `ServerTrustPolicy`.
-
-#### ServerTrustPolicy
-
-The `ServerTrustPolicy` enumeration evaluates the server trust generally provided by an `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge` when connecting to a server over a secure HTTPS connection.
-
-```swift
-let serverTrustPolicy = ServerTrustPolicy.PinCertificates(
-    certificates: ServerTrustPolicy.certificatesInBundle(),
-    validateCertificateChain: true,
-    validateHost: true
-)
-```
-
-There are many different cases of server trust evaluation giving you complete control over the validation process:
-
-* `PerformDefaultEvaluation`: Uses the default server trust evaluation while allowing you to control whether to validate the host provided by the challenge. 
-* `PinCertificates`: Uses the pinned certificates to validate the server trust. The server trust is considered valid if one of the pinned certificates match one of the server certificates.
-* `PinPublicKeys`: Uses the pinned public keys to validate the server trust. The server trust is considered valid if one of the pinned public keys match one of the server certificate public keys.
-* `DisableEvaluation`: Disables all evaluation which in turn will always consider any server trust as valid.
-* `CustomEvaluation`: Uses the associated closure to evaluate the validity of the server trust thus giving you complete control over the validation process. Use with caution.
-
-#### Server Trust Policy Manager
-
-The `ServerTrustPolicyManager` is responsible for storing an internal mapping of server trust policies to a particular host. This allows Alamofire to evaluate each host against a different server trust policy. 
-
-```swift
-let serverTrustPolicies: [String: ServerTrustPolicy] = [
-    "test.example.com": .PinCertificates(
-        certificates: ServerTrustPolicy.certificatesInBundle(),
-        validateCertificateChain: true,
-        validateHost: true
-    ),
-    "insecure.expired-apis.com": .DisableEvaluation
+dependencies: [
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git", from: "4.0.0")
 ]
-
-let manager = Manager(
-    serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager(policies: serverTrustPolicies)
-)
 ```
 
-> Make sure to keep a reference to the new `Manager` instance, otherwise your requests will all get cancelled when your `manager` is deallocated.
-
-These server trust policies will result in the following behavior:
-
-* `test.example.com` will always use certificate pinning with certificate chain and host validation enabled thus requiring the following criteria to be met to allow the TLS handshake to succeed:
-  * Certificate chain MUST be valid.
-  * Certificate chain MUST include one of the pinned certificates.
-  * Challenge host MUST match the host in the certificate chain's leaf certificate.
-* `insecure.expired-apis.com` will never evaluate the certificate chain and will always allow the TLS handshake to succeed.
-* All other hosts will use the default evaluation provided by Apple.
-
-##### Subclassing Server Trust Policy Manager
-
-If you find yourself needing more flexible server trust policy matching behavior (i.e. wildcarded domains), then subclass the `ServerTrustPolicyManager` and override the `serverTrustPolicyForHost` method with your own custom implementation.
-
-```swift
-class CustomServerTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager {
-    override func serverTrustPolicyForHost(host: String) -> ServerTrustPolicy? {
-        var policy: ServerTrustPolicy?
-
-        // Implement your custom domain matching behavior...
-
-        return policy
-    }
-}
-```
-
-#### Validating the Host
-
-The `.PerformDefaultEvaluation`, `.PinCertificates` and `.PinPublicKeys` server trust policies all take a `validateHost` parameter. Setting the value to `true` will cause the server trust evaluation to verify that hostname in the certificate matches the hostname of the challenge. If they do not match, evaluation will fail. A `validateHost` value of `false` will still evaluate the full certificate chain, but will not validate the hostname of the leaf certificate.
-
-> It is recommended that `validateHost` always be set to `true` in production environments.
-
-#### Validating the Certificate Chain
-
-Pinning certificates and public keys both have the option of validating the certificate chain using the `validateCertificateChain` parameter. By setting this value to `true`, the full certificate chain will be evaluated in addition to performing a byte equality check against the pinned certficates or public keys. A value of `false` will skip the certificate chain validation, but will still perform the byte equality check.
-
-There are several cases where it may make sense to disable certificate chain validation. The most common use cases for disabling validation are self-signed and expired certificates. The evaluation would always fail in both of these cases, but the byte equality check will still ensure you are receiving the certificate you expect from the server.
+### Manually
 
-> It is recommended that `validateCertificateChain` always be set to `true` in production environments.
+If you prefer not to use any of the aforementioned dependency managers, you can integrate Alamofire into your project manually.
 
-#### App Transport Security
+#### Embedded Framework
 
-With the addition of App Transport Security (ATS) in iOS 9, it is possible that using a custom `ServerTrustPolicyManager` with several `ServerTrustPolicy` objects will have no effect. If you continuously see `CFNetwork SSLHandshake failed (-9806)` errors, you have probably run into this problem. Apple's ATS system overrides the entire challenge system unless you configure the ATS settings in your app's plist to disable enough of it to allow your app to evaluate the server trust.
+- Open up Terminal, `cd` into your top-level project directory, and run the following command "if" your project is not initialized as a git repository:
 
-If you run into this problem (high probability with self-signed certificates), you can work around this issue by adding the following to your `Info.plist`.
+  ```bash
+  $ git init
+  ```
 
-```xml
-<dict>
-	<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
-	<dict>
-		<key>NSExceptionDomains</key>
-		<dict>
-			<key>example.com</key>
-			<dict>
-				<key>NSExceptionAllowsInsecureHTTPLoads</key>
-				<true/>
-				<key>NSExceptionRequiresForwardSecrecy</key>
-				<false/>
-				<key>NSIncludesSubdomains</key>
-				<true/>
-				<!-- Optional: Specify minimum TLS version -->
-				<key>NSTemporaryExceptionMinimumTLSVersion</key>
-				<string>TLSv1.2</string>
-			</dict>
-		</dict>
-	</dict>
-</dict>
-```
+- Add Alamofire as a git [submodule](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-submodule) by running the following command:
 
-Whether you need to set the `NSExceptionRequiresForwardSecrecy` to `NO` depends on whether your TLS connection is using an allowed cipher suite. In certain cases, it will need to be set to `NO`. The `NSExceptionAllowsInsecureHTTPLoads` MUST be set to `YES` in order to allow the `SessionDelegate` to receive challenge callbacks. Once the challenge callbacks are being called, the `ServerTrustPolicyManager` will take over the server trust evaluation. You may also need to specify the `NSTemporaryExceptionMinimumTLSVersion` if you're trying to connect to a host that only supports TLS versions less than `1.2`.
+  ```bash
+  $ git submodule add https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git
+  ```
 
-> It is recommended to always use valid certificates in production environments.
+- Open the new `Alamofire` folder, and drag the `Alamofire.xcodeproj` into the Project Navigator of your application's Xcode project.
 
-### Network Reachability
+    > It should appear nested underneath your application's blue project icon. Whether it is above or below all the other Xcode groups does not matter.
 
-The `NetworkReachabilityManager` listens for reachability changes of hosts and addresses for both WWAN and WiFi network interfaces.
+- Select the `Alamofire.xcodeproj` in the Project Navigator and verify the deployment target matches that of your application target.
+- Next, select your application project in the Project Navigator (blue project icon) to navigate to the target configuration window and select the application target under the "Targets" heading in the sidebar.
+- In the tab bar at the top of that window, open the "General" panel.
+- Click on the `+` button under the "Embedded Binaries" section.
+- You will see two different `Alamofire.xcodeproj` folders each with two different versions of the `Alamofire.framework` nested inside a `Products` folder.
 
-```swift
-let manager = NetworkReachabilityManager(host: "www.apple.com")
+    > It does not matter which `Products` folder you choose from, but it does matter whether you choose the top or bottom `Alamofire.framework`.
 
-manager?.listener = { status in
-    print("Network Status Changed: \(status)")
-}
+- Select the top `Alamofire.framework` for iOS and the bottom one for OS X.
 
-manager?.startListening()
-```
+    > You can verify which one you selected by inspecting the build log for your project. The build target for `Alamofire` will be listed as either `Alamofire iOS`, `Alamofire macOS`, `Alamofire tvOS` or `Alamofire watchOS`.
 
-> Make sure to remember to retain the `manager` in the above example, or no status changes will be reported.
+- And that's it!
 
-There are some important things to remember when using network reachability to determine what to do next.
+  > The `Alamofire.framework` is automagically added as a target dependency, linked framework and embedded framework in a copy files build phase which is all you need to build on the simulator and a device.
 
-* **Do NOT** use Reachability to determine if a network request should be sent.
-  * You should **ALWAYS** send it.
-* When Reachability is restored, use the event to retry failed network requests.
-  * Even though the network requests may still fail, this is a good moment to retry them.
-* The network reachability status can be useful for determining why a network request may have failed.
-  * If a network request fails, it is more useful to tell the user that the network request failed due to being offline rather than a more technical errror, such as "request timed out."
+## Open Radars
 
-> It is recommended to check out [WWDC 2012 Session 706, "Networking Best Practices"](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2012-706/) for more info.
+The following radars have some effect on the current implementation of Alamofire.
 
----
+- [`rdar://21349340`](http://www.openradar.me/radar?id=5517037090635776) - Compiler throwing warning due to toll-free bridging issue in test case
+- `rdar://26870455` - Background URL Session Configurations do not work in the simulator
+- `rdar://26849668` - Some URLProtocol APIs do not properly handle `URLRequest`
 
-## Open Rdars
+## Resolved Radars
 
-The following rdars have some affect on the current implementation of Alamofire.
+The following radars have been resolved over time after being filed against the Alamofire project.
 
-* [rdar://21349340](http://www.openradar.me/radar?id=5517037090635776) - Compiler throwing warning due to toll-free bridging issue in test case
+- [`rdar://26761490`](http://www.openradar.me/radar?id=5010235949318144) - Swift string interpolation causing memory leak with common usage (Resolved on 9/1/17 in Xcode 9 beta 6).
 
 ## FAQ
 
@@ -1181,7 +203,11 @@ The following rdars have some affect on the current implementation of Alamofire.
 
 Alamofire is named after the [Alamo Fire flower](https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/wildseed/alamofire.html), a hybrid variant of the Bluebonnet, the official state flower of Texas.
 
----
+### What logic belongs in a Router vs. a Request Adapter?
+
+Simple, static data such as paths, parameters and common headers belong in the `Router`. Dynamic data such as an `Authorization` header whose value can changed based on an authentication system belongs in a `RequestAdapter`.
+
+The reason the dynamic data MUST be placed into the `RequestAdapter` is to support retry operations. When a `Request` is retried, the original request is not rebuilt meaning the `Router` will not be called again. The `RequestAdapter` is called again allowing the dynamic data to be updated on the original request before retrying the `Request`.
 
 ## Credits
 
@@ -1191,6 +217,20 @@ Alamofire is owned and maintained by the [Alamofire Software Foundation](http://
 
 If you believe you have identified a security vulnerability with Alamofire, you should report it as soon as possible via email to security@alamofire.org. Please do not post it to a public issue tracker.
 
+## Donations
+
+The [ASF](https://github.com/Alamofire/Foundation#members) is looking to raise money to officially register as a federal non-profit organization. Registering will allow us members to gain some legal protections and also allow us to put donations to use, tax free. Donating to the ASF will enable us to:
+
+- Pay our legal fees to register as a federal non-profit organization
+- Pay our yearly legal fees to keep the non-profit in good status
+- Pay for our mail servers to help us stay on top of all questions and security issues
+- Potentially fund test servers to make it easier for us to test the edge cases
+- Potentially fund developers to work on one of our projects full-time
+
+The community adoption of the ASF libraries has been amazing. We are greatly humbled by your enthusiasm around the projects, and want to continue to do everything we can to move the needle forward. With your continued support, the ASF will be able to improve its reach and also provide better legal safety for the core members. If you use any of our libraries for work, see if your employers would be interested in donating. Our initial goal is to raise $1000 to get all our legal ducks in a row and kickstart this campaign. Any amount you can donate today to help us reach our goal would be greatly appreciated.
+
+<a href='https://pledgie.com/campaigns/31474'><img alt='Click here to lend your support to: Alamofire Software Foundation and make a donation at pledgie.com !' src='https://pledgie.com/campaigns/31474.png?skin_name=chrome' border='0' ></a>
+
 ## License
 
-Alamofire is released under the MIT license. See LICENSE for details.
+Alamofire is released under the MIT license. [See LICENSE](https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/blob/master/LICENSE) for details.

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/AFError.swift

+//
+//  AFError.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// `AFError` is the error type returned by Alamofire. It encompasses a few different types of errors, each with
+/// their own associated reasons.
+///
+/// - invalidURL:                  Returned when a `URLConvertible` type fails to create a valid `URL`.
+/// - parameterEncodingFailed:     Returned when a parameter encoding object throws an error during the encoding process.
+/// - multipartEncodingFailed:     Returned when some step in the multipart encoding process fails.
+/// - responseValidationFailed:    Returned when a `validate()` call fails.
+/// - responseSerializationFailed: Returned when a response serializer encounters an error in the serialization process.
+public enum AFError: Error {
+    /// The underlying reason the parameter encoding error occurred.
+    ///
+    /// - missingURL:                 The URL request did not have a URL to encode.
+    /// - jsonEncodingFailed:         JSON serialization failed with an underlying system error during the
+    ///                               encoding process.
+    /// - propertyListEncodingFailed: Property list serialization failed with an underlying system error during
+    ///                               encoding process.
+    public enum ParameterEncodingFailureReason {
+        case missingURL
+        case jsonEncodingFailed(error: Error)
+        case propertyListEncodingFailed(error: Error)
+    }
+
+    /// The underlying reason the multipart encoding error occurred.
+    ///
+    /// - bodyPartURLInvalid:                   The `fileURL` provided for reading an encodable body part isn't a
+    ///                                         file URL.
+    /// - bodyPartFilenameInvalid:              The filename of the `fileURL` provided has either an empty
+    ///                                         `lastPathComponent` or `pathExtension.
+    /// - bodyPartFileNotReachable:             The file at the `fileURL` provided was not reachable.
+    /// - bodyPartFileNotReachableWithError:    Attempting to check the reachability of the `fileURL` provided threw
+    ///                                         an error.
+    /// - bodyPartFileIsDirectory:              The file at the `fileURL` provided is actually a directory.
+    /// - bodyPartFileSizeNotAvailable:         The size of the file at the `fileURL` provided was not returned by
+    ///                                         the system.
+    /// - bodyPartFileSizeQueryFailedWithError: The attempt to find the size of the file at the `fileURL` provided
+    ///                                         threw an error.
+    /// - bodyPartInputStreamCreationFailed:    An `InputStream` could not be created for the provided `fileURL`.
+    /// - outputStreamCreationFailed:           An `OutputStream` could not be created when attempting to write the
+    ///                                         encoded data to disk.
+    /// - outputStreamFileAlreadyExists:        The encoded body data could not be writtent disk because a file
+    ///                                         already exists at the provided `fileURL`.
+    /// - outputStreamURLInvalid:               The `fileURL` provided for writing the encoded body data to disk is
+    ///                                         not a file URL.
+    /// - outputStreamWriteFailed:              The attempt to write the encoded body data to disk failed with an
+    ///                                         underlying error.
+    /// - inputStreamReadFailed:                The attempt to read an encoded body part `InputStream` failed with
+    ///                                         underlying system error.
+    public enum MultipartEncodingFailureReason {
+        case bodyPartURLInvalid(url: URL)
+        case bodyPartFilenameInvalid(in: URL)
+        case bodyPartFileNotReachable(at: URL)
+        case bodyPartFileNotReachableWithError(atURL: URL, error: Error)
+        case bodyPartFileIsDirectory(at: URL)
+        case bodyPartFileSizeNotAvailable(at: URL)
+        case bodyPartFileSizeQueryFailedWithError(forURL: URL, error: Error)
+        case bodyPartInputStreamCreationFailed(for: URL)
+
+        case outputStreamCreationFailed(for: URL)
+        case outputStreamFileAlreadyExists(at: URL)
+        case outputStreamURLInvalid(url: URL)
+        case outputStreamWriteFailed(error: Error)
+
+        case inputStreamReadFailed(error: Error)
+    }
+
+    /// The underlying reason the response validation error occurred.
+    ///
+    /// - dataFileNil:             The data file containing the server response did not exist.
+    /// - dataFileReadFailed:      The data file containing the server response could not be read.
+    /// - missingContentType:      The response did not contain a `Content-Type` and the `acceptableContentTypes`
+    ///                            provided did not contain wildcard type.
+    /// - unacceptableContentType: The response `Content-Type` did not match any type in the provided
+    ///                            `acceptableContentTypes`.
+    /// - unacceptableStatusCode:  The response status code was not acceptable.
+    public enum ResponseValidationFailureReason {
+        case dataFileNil
+        case dataFileReadFailed(at: URL)
+        case missingContentType(acceptableContentTypes: [String])
+        case unacceptableContentType(acceptableContentTypes: [String], responseContentType: String)
+        case unacceptableStatusCode(code: Int)
+    }
+
+    /// The underlying reason the response serialization error occurred.
+    ///
+    /// - inputDataNil:                    The server response contained no data.
+    /// - inputDataNilOrZeroLength:        The server response contained no data or the data was zero length.
+    /// - inputFileNil:                    The file containing the server response did not exist.
+    /// - inputFileReadFailed:             The file containing the server response could not be read.
+    /// - stringSerializationFailed:       String serialization failed using the provided `String.Encoding`.
+    /// - jsonSerializationFailed:         JSON serialization failed with an underlying system error.
+    /// - propertyListSerializationFailed: Property list serialization failed with an underlying system error.
+    public enum ResponseSerializationFailureReason {
+        case inputDataNil
+        case inputDataNilOrZeroLength
+        case inputFileNil
+        case inputFileReadFailed(at: URL)
+        case stringSerializationFailed(encoding: String.Encoding)
+        case jsonSerializationFailed(error: Error)
+        case propertyListSerializationFailed(error: Error)
+    }
+
+    case invalidURL(url: URLConvertible)
+    case parameterEncodingFailed(reason: ParameterEncodingFailureReason)
+    case multipartEncodingFailed(reason: MultipartEncodingFailureReason)
+    case responseValidationFailed(reason: ResponseValidationFailureReason)
+    case responseSerializationFailed(reason: ResponseSerializationFailureReason)
+}
+
+// MARK: - Adapt Error
+
+struct AdaptError: Error {
+    let error: Error
+}
+
+extension Error {
+    var underlyingAdaptError: Error? { return (self as? AdaptError)?.error }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Error Booleans
+
+extension AFError {
+    /// Returns whether the AFError is an invalid URL error.
+    public var isInvalidURLError: Bool {
+        if case .invalidURL = self { return true }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the AFError is a parameter encoding error. When `true`, the `underlyingError` property will
+    /// contain the associated value.
+    public var isParameterEncodingError: Bool {
+        if case .parameterEncodingFailed = self { return true }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the AFError is a multipart encoding error. When `true`, the `url` and `underlyingError` properties
+    /// will contain the associated values.
+    public var isMultipartEncodingError: Bool {
+        if case .multipartEncodingFailed = self { return true }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the `AFError` is a response validation error. When `true`, the `acceptableContentTypes`,
+    /// `responseContentType`, and `responseCode` properties will contain the associated values.
+    public var isResponseValidationError: Bool {
+        if case .responseValidationFailed = self { return true }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the `AFError` is a response serialization error. When `true`, the `failedStringEncoding` and
+    /// `underlyingError` properties will contain the associated values.
+    public var isResponseSerializationError: Bool {
+        if case .responseSerializationFailed = self { return true }
+        return false
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Convenience Properties
+
+extension AFError {
+    /// The `URLConvertible` associated with the error.
+    public var urlConvertible: URLConvertible? {
+        switch self {
+        case .invalidURL(let url):
+            return url
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The `URL` associated with the error.
+    public var url: URL? {
+        switch self {
+        case .multipartEncodingFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.url
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The `Error` returned by a system framework associated with a `.parameterEncodingFailed`,
+    /// `.multipartEncodingFailed` or `.responseSerializationFailed` error.
+    public var underlyingError: Error? {
+        switch self {
+        case .parameterEncodingFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.underlyingError
+        case .multipartEncodingFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.underlyingError
+        case .responseSerializationFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.underlyingError
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The acceptable `Content-Type`s of a `.responseValidationFailed` error.
+    public var acceptableContentTypes: [String]? {
+        switch self {
+        case .responseValidationFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.acceptableContentTypes
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The response `Content-Type` of a `.responseValidationFailed` error.
+    public var responseContentType: String? {
+        switch self {
+        case .responseValidationFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.responseContentType
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The response code of a `.responseValidationFailed` error.
+    public var responseCode: Int? {
+        switch self {
+        case .responseValidationFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.responseCode
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The `String.Encoding` associated with a failed `.stringResponse()` call.
+    public var failedStringEncoding: String.Encoding? {
+        switch self {
+        case .responseSerializationFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.failedStringEncoding
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.ParameterEncodingFailureReason {
+    var underlyingError: Error? {
+        switch self {
+        case .jsonEncodingFailed(let error), .propertyListEncodingFailed(let error):
+            return error
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.MultipartEncodingFailureReason {
+    var url: URL? {
+        switch self {
+        case .bodyPartURLInvalid(let url), .bodyPartFilenameInvalid(let url), .bodyPartFileNotReachable(let url),
+             .bodyPartFileIsDirectory(let url), .bodyPartFileSizeNotAvailable(let url),
+             .bodyPartInputStreamCreationFailed(let url), .outputStreamCreationFailed(let url),
+             .outputStreamFileAlreadyExists(let url), .outputStreamURLInvalid(let url),
+             .bodyPartFileNotReachableWithError(let url, _), .bodyPartFileSizeQueryFailedWithError(let url, _):
+            return url
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    var underlyingError: Error? {
+        switch self {
+        case .bodyPartFileNotReachableWithError(_, let error), .bodyPartFileSizeQueryFailedWithError(_, let error),
+             .outputStreamWriteFailed(let error), .inputStreamReadFailed(let error):
+            return error
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.ResponseValidationFailureReason {
+    var acceptableContentTypes: [String]? {
+        switch self {
+        case .missingContentType(let types), .unacceptableContentType(let types, _):
+            return types
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    var responseContentType: String? {
+        switch self {
+        case .unacceptableContentType(_, let responseType):
+            return responseType
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    var responseCode: Int? {
+        switch self {
+        case .unacceptableStatusCode(let code):
+            return code
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.ResponseSerializationFailureReason {
+    var failedStringEncoding: String.Encoding? {
+        switch self {
+        case .stringSerializationFailed(let encoding):
+            return encoding
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    var underlyingError: Error? {
+        switch self {
+        case .jsonSerializationFailed(let error), .propertyListSerializationFailed(let error):
+            return error
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Error Descriptions
+
+extension AFError: LocalizedError {
+    public var errorDescription: String? {
+        switch self {
+        case .invalidURL(let url):
+            return "URL is not valid: \(url)"
+        case .parameterEncodingFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.localizedDescription
+        case .multipartEncodingFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.localizedDescription
+        case .responseValidationFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.localizedDescription
+        case .responseSerializationFailed(let reason):
+            return reason.localizedDescription
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.ParameterEncodingFailureReason {
+    var localizedDescription: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .missingURL:
+            return "URL request to encode was missing a URL"
+        case .jsonEncodingFailed(let error):
+            return "JSON could not be encoded because of error:\n\(error.localizedDescription)"
+        case .propertyListEncodingFailed(let error):
+            return "PropertyList could not be encoded because of error:\n\(error.localizedDescription)"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.MultipartEncodingFailureReason {
+    var localizedDescription: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .bodyPartURLInvalid(let url):
+            return "The URL provided is not a file URL: \(url)"
+        case .bodyPartFilenameInvalid(let url):
+            return "The URL provided does not have a valid filename: \(url)"
+        case .bodyPartFileNotReachable(let url):
+            return "The URL provided is not reachable: \(url)"
+        case .bodyPartFileNotReachableWithError(let url, let error):
+            return (
+                "The system returned an error while checking the provided URL for " +
+                "reachability.\nURL: \(url)\nError: \(error)"
+            )
+        case .bodyPartFileIsDirectory(let url):
+            return "The URL provided is a directory: \(url)"
+        case .bodyPartFileSizeNotAvailable(let url):
+            return "Could not fetch the file size from the provided URL: \(url)"
+        case .bodyPartFileSizeQueryFailedWithError(let url, let error):
+            return (
+                "The system returned an error while attempting to fetch the file size from the " +
+                "provided URL.\nURL: \(url)\nError: \(error)"
+            )
+        case .bodyPartInputStreamCreationFailed(let url):
+            return "Failed to create an InputStream for the provided URL: \(url)"
+        case .outputStreamCreationFailed(let url):
+            return "Failed to create an OutputStream for URL: \(url)"
+        case .outputStreamFileAlreadyExists(let url):
+            return "A file already exists at the provided URL: \(url)"
+        case .outputStreamURLInvalid(let url):
+            return "The provided OutputStream URL is invalid: \(url)"
+        case .outputStreamWriteFailed(let error):
+            return "OutputStream write failed with error: \(error)"
+        case .inputStreamReadFailed(let error):
+            return "InputStream read failed with error: \(error)"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.ResponseSerializationFailureReason {
+    var localizedDescription: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .inputDataNil:
+            return "Response could not be serialized, input data was nil."
+        case .inputDataNilOrZeroLength:
+            return "Response could not be serialized, input data was nil or zero length."
+        case .inputFileNil:
+            return "Response could not be serialized, input file was nil."
+        case .inputFileReadFailed(let url):
+            return "Response could not be serialized, input file could not be read: \(url)."
+        case .stringSerializationFailed(let encoding):
+            return "String could not be serialized with encoding: \(encoding)."
+        case .jsonSerializationFailed(let error):
+            return "JSON could not be serialized because of error:\n\(error.localizedDescription)"
+        case .propertyListSerializationFailed(let error):
+            return "PropertyList could not be serialized because of error:\n\(error.localizedDescription)"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension AFError.ResponseValidationFailureReason {
+    var localizedDescription: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .dataFileNil:
+            return "Response could not be validated, data file was nil."
+        case .dataFileReadFailed(let url):
+            return "Response could not be validated, data file could not be read: \(url)."
+        case .missingContentType(let types):
+            return (
+                "Response Content-Type was missing and acceptable content types " +
+                "(\(types.joined(separator: ","))) do not match \"*/*\"."
+            )
+        case .unacceptableContentType(let acceptableTypes, let responseType):
+            return (
+                "Response Content-Type \"\(responseType)\" does not match any acceptable types: " +
+                "\(acceptableTypes.joined(separator: ","))."
+            )
+        case .unacceptableStatusCode(let code):
+            return "Response status code was unacceptable: \(code)."
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Alamofire.h

+//
+//  Alamofire.h
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+@import Foundation;
+
+FOUNDATION_EXPORT double AlamofireVersionNumber;
+FOUNDATION_EXPORT const unsigned char AlamofireVersionString[];

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Alamofire.swift

-// Alamofire.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  Alamofire.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
-// MARK: - URLStringConvertible
-
-/**
-    Types adopting the `URLStringConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL strings, which are then used to 
-    construct URL requests.
-*/
-public protocol URLStringConvertible {
-    /**
-        A URL that conforms to RFC 2396.
-
-        Methods accepting a `URLStringConvertible` type parameter parse it according to RFCs 1738 and 1808.
-
-        See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396
-        See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738
-        See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1808
-    */
-    var URLString: String { get }
+/// Types adopting the `URLConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URLs, which are then used to construct
+/// URL requests.
+public protocol URLConvertible {
+    /// Returns a URL that conforms to RFC 2396 or throws an `Error`.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `Error` if the type cannot be converted to a `URL`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A URL or throws an `Error`.
+    func asURL() throws -> URL
 }
 
-extension String: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return self
+extension String: URLConvertible {
+    /// Returns a URL if `self` represents a valid URL string that conforms to RFC 2396 or throws an `AFError`.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `AFError.invalidURL` if `self` is not a valid URL string.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A URL or throws an `AFError`.
+    public func asURL() throws -> URL {
+        guard let url = URL(string: self) else { throw AFError.invalidURL(url: self) }
+        return url
     }
 }
 
-extension NSURL: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return absoluteString!
-    }
-}
-
-extension NSURLComponents: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return URL!.URLString
-    }
+extension URL: URLConvertible {
+    /// Returns self.
+    public func asURL() throws -> URL { return self }
 }
 
-extension NSURLRequest: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return URL!.URLString
+extension URLComponents: URLConvertible {
+    /// Returns a URL if `url` is not nil, otherwise throws an `Error`.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `AFError.invalidURL` if `url` is `nil`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A URL or throws an `AFError`.
+    public func asURL() throws -> URL {
+        guard let url = url else { throw AFError.invalidURL(url: self) }
+        return url
     }
 }
 
-// MARK: - URLRequestConvertible
+// MARK: -
 
-/**
-    Types adopting the `URLRequestConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL requests.
-*/
+/// Types adopting the `URLRequestConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL requests.
 public protocol URLRequestConvertible {
+    /// Returns a URL request or throws if an `Error` was encountered.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `Error` if the underlying `URLRequest` is `nil`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A URL request.
+    func asURLRequest() throws -> URLRequest
+}
+
+extension URLRequestConvertible {
     /// The URL request.
-    var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest { get }
+    public var urlRequest: URLRequest? { return try? asURLRequest() }
 }
 
-extension NSURLRequest: URLRequestConvertible {
-    public var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest {
-        return self.mutableCopy() as! NSMutableURLRequest
-    }
+extension URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible {
+    /// Returns a URL request or throws if an `Error` was encountered.
+    public func asURLRequest() throws -> URLRequest { return self }
 }
 
-// MARK: - Convenience
+// MARK: -
 
-func URLRequest(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil)
-    -> NSMutableURLRequest
-{
-    let mutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: URLString.URLString)!)
-    mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod = method.rawValue
+extension URLRequest {
+    /// Creates an instance with the specified `method`, `urlString` and `headers`.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter url:     The URL.
+    /// - parameter method:  The HTTP method.
+    /// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `URLRequest` instance.
+    public init(url: URLConvertible, method: HTTPMethod, headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil) throws {
+        let url = try url.asURL()
+
+        self.init(url: url)
 
-    if let headers = headers {
-        for (headerField, headerValue) in headers {
-            mutableURLRequest.setValue(headerValue, forHTTPHeaderField: headerField)
+        httpMethod = method.rawValue
+
+        if let headers = headers {
+            for (headerField, headerValue) in headers {
+                setValue(headerValue, forHTTPHeaderField: headerField)
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    return mutableURLRequest
+    func adapt(using adapter: RequestAdapter?) throws -> URLRequest {
+        guard let adapter = adapter else { return self }
+        return try adapter.adapt(self)
+    }
 }
 
-// MARK: - Request Methods
-
-/**
-    Creates a request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, parameters, and
-    parameter encoding.
-
-    - parameter method:     The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString:  The URL string.
-    - parameter parameters: The parameters. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter encoding:   The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-    - parameter headers:    The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-
-    - returns: The created request.
-*/
+// MARK: - Data Request
+
+/// Creates a `DataRequest` using the default `SessionManager` to retrieve the contents of the specified `url`,
+/// `method`, `parameters`, `encoding` and `headers`.
+///
+/// - parameter url:        The URL.
+/// - parameter method:     The HTTP method. `.get` by default.
+/// - parameter parameters: The parameters. `nil` by default.
+/// - parameter encoding:   The parameter encoding. `URLEncoding.default` by default.
+/// - parameter headers:    The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `DataRequest`.
+@discardableResult
 public func request(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-    encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil)
-    -> Request
+    _ url: URLConvertible,
+    method: HTTPMethod = .get,
+    parameters: Parameters? = nil,
+    encoding: ParameterEncoding = URLEncoding.default,
+    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+    -> DataRequest
 {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.request(
-        method,
-        URLString,
+    return SessionManager.default.request(
+        url,
+        method: method,
         parameters: parameters,
         encoding: encoding,
         headers: headers
     )
 }
 
-/**
-    Creates a request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request.
+/// Creates a `DataRequest` using the default `SessionManager` to retrieve the contents of a URL based on the
+/// specified `urlRequest`.
+///
+/// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request
+///
+/// - returns: The created `DataRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+public func request(_ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> DataRequest {
+    return SessionManager.default.request(urlRequest)
+}
 
-    If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+// MARK: - Download Request
 
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request
+// MARK: URL Request
 
-    - returns: The created request.
-*/
-public func request(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.request(URLRequest.URLRequest)
+/// Creates a `DownloadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` to retrieve the contents of the specified `url`,
+/// `method`, `parameters`, `encoding`, `headers` and save them to the `destination`.
+///
+/// If `destination` is not specified, the contents will remain in the temporary location determined by the
+/// underlying URL session.
+///
+/// - parameter url:         The URL.
+/// - parameter method:      The HTTP method. `.get` by default.
+/// - parameter parameters:  The parameters. `nil` by default.
+/// - parameter encoding:    The parameter encoding. `URLEncoding.default` by default.
+/// - parameter headers:     The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+/// - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file. `nil` by default.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `DownloadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+public func download(
+    _ url: URLConvertible,
+    method: HTTPMethod = .get,
+    parameters: Parameters? = nil,
+    encoding: ParameterEncoding = URLEncoding.default,
+    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil,
+    to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination? = nil)
+    -> DownloadRequest
+{
+    return SessionManager.default.download(
+        url,
+        method: method,
+        parameters: parameters,
+        encoding: encoding,
+        headers: headers,
+        to: destination
+    )
 }
 
-// MARK: - Upload Methods
+/// Creates a `DownloadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` to retrieve the contents of a URL based on the
+/// specified `urlRequest` and save them to the `destination`.
+///
+/// If `destination` is not specified, the contents will remain in the temporary location determined by the
+/// underlying URL session.
+///
+/// - parameter urlRequest:  The URL request.
+/// - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file. `nil` by default.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `DownloadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+public func download(
+    _ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
+    to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination? = nil)
+    -> DownloadRequest
+{
+    return SessionManager.default.download(urlRequest, to: destination)
+}
 
-// MARK: File
+// MARK: Resume Data
 
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, and file.
+/// Creates a `DownloadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` from the `resumeData` produced from a
+/// previous request cancellation to retrieve the contents of the original request and save them to the `destination`.
+///
+/// If `destination` is not specified, the contents will remain in the temporary location determined by the
+/// underlying URL session.
+///
+/// On the latest release of all the Apple platforms (iOS 10, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10, watchOS 3), `resumeData` is broken
+/// on background URL session configurations. There's an underlying bug in the `resumeData` generation logic where the
+/// data is written incorrectly and will always fail to resume the download. For more information about the bug and
+/// possible workarounds, please refer to the following Stack Overflow post:
+///
+///    - http://stackoverflow.com/a/39347461/1342462
+///
+/// - parameter resumeData:  The resume data. This is an opaque data blob produced by `URLSessionDownloadTask`
+///                          when a task is cancelled. See `URLSession -downloadTask(withResumeData:)` for additional
+///                          information.
+/// - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file. `nil` by default.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `DownloadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+public func download(
+    resumingWith resumeData: Data,
+    to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination? = nil)
+    -> DownloadRequest
+{
+    return SessionManager.default.download(resumingWith: resumeData, to: destination)
+}
 
-    - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter file:      The file to upload.
+// MARK: - Upload Request
 
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
+// MARK: File
+
+/// Creates an `UploadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` from the specified `url`, `method` and `headers`
+/// for uploading the `file`.
+///
+/// - parameter file:    The file to upload.
+/// - parameter url:     The URL.
+/// - parameter method:  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+/// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
 public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    file: NSURL)
-    -> Request
+    _ fileURL: URL,
+    to url: URLConvertible,
+    method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+    -> UploadRequest
 {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(method, URLString, headers: headers, file: file)
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(fileURL, to: url, method: method, headers: headers)
 }
 
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request and file.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-    - parameter file:       The file to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, file: NSURL) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(URLRequest, file: file)
+/// Creates a `UploadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` from the specified `urlRequest` for
+/// uploading the `file`.
+///
+/// - parameter file:       The file to upload.
+/// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+public func upload(_ fileURL: URL, with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> UploadRequest {
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(fileURL, with: urlRequest)
 }
 
 // MARK: Data
 
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, and data.
-
-    - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter data:      The data to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
+/// Creates an `UploadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` from the specified `url`, `method` and `headers`
+/// for uploading the `data`.
+///
+/// - parameter data:    The data to upload.
+/// - parameter url:     The URL.
+/// - parameter method:  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+/// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
 public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    data: NSData)
-    -> Request
+    _ data: Data,
+    to url: URLConvertible,
+    method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+    -> UploadRequest
 {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(method, URLString, headers: headers, data: data)
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(data, to: url, method: method, headers: headers)
 }
 
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request and data.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-    - parameter data:       The data to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, data: NSData) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(URLRequest, data: data)
+/// Creates an `UploadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` from the specified `urlRequest` for
+/// uploading the `data`.
+///
+/// - parameter data:       The data to upload.
+/// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+public func upload(_ data: Data, with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> UploadRequest {
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(data, with: urlRequest)
 }
 
-// MARK: Stream
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, and stream.
-
-    - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter stream:    The stream to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
+// MARK: InputStream
+
+/// Creates an `UploadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` from the specified `url`, `method` and `headers`
+/// for uploading the `stream`.
+///
+/// - parameter stream:  The stream to upload.
+/// - parameter url:     The URL.
+/// - parameter method:  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+/// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
 public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    stream: NSInputStream)
-    -> Request
+    _ stream: InputStream,
+    to url: URLConvertible,
+    method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+    -> UploadRequest
 {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(method, URLString, headers: headers, stream: stream)
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(stream, to: url, method: method, headers: headers)
 }
 
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request and stream.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-    - parameter stream:     The stream to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, stream: NSInputStream) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(URLRequest, stream: stream)
+/// Creates an `UploadRequest` using the default `SessionManager` from the specified `urlRequest` for
+/// uploading the `stream`.
+///
+/// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request.
+/// - parameter stream:     The stream to upload.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+public func upload(_ stream: InputStream, with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> UploadRequest {
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(stream, with: urlRequest)
 }
 
 // MARK: MultipartFormData
 
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method and URL string.
-
-    - parameter method:                  The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString:               The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:                 The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-    - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                         `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-    - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-*/
+/// Encodes `multipartFormData` using `encodingMemoryThreshold` with the default `SessionManager` and calls
+/// `encodingCompletion` with new `UploadRequest` using the `url`, `method` and `headers`.
+///
+/// It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative
+/// payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most
+/// efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to
+/// be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory
+/// footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be
+/// used for larger payloads such as video content.
+///
+/// The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory
+/// or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
+/// encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk
+/// during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding
+/// technique was used.
+///
+/// - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
+/// - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
+///                                      `multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
+/// - parameter url:                     The URL.
+/// - parameter method:                  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+/// - parameter headers:                 The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+/// - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
 public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-    encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-    encodingCompletion: (Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
+    multipartFormData: @escaping (MultipartFormData) -> Void,
+    usingThreshold encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = SessionManager.multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
+    to url: URLConvertible,
+    method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil,
+    encodingCompletion: ((SessionManager.MultipartFormDataEncodingResult) -> Void)?)
 {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(
-        method,
-        URLString,
-        headers: headers,
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(
         multipartFormData: multipartFormData,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
+        usingThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
+        to: url,
+        method: method,
+        headers: headers,
         encodingCompletion: encodingCompletion
     )
 }
 
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method and URL string.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest:              The URL request.
-    - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-    - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                         `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-    - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-*/
+/// Encodes `multipartFormData` using `encodingMemoryThreshold` and the default `SessionManager` and
+/// calls `encodingCompletion` with new `UploadRequest` using the `urlRequest`.
+///
+/// It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative
+/// payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most
+/// efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to
+/// be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory
+/// footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be
+/// used for larger payloads such as video content.
+///
+/// The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory
+/// or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
+/// encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk
+/// during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding
+/// technique was used.
+///
+/// - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
+/// - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
+///                                      `multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
+/// - parameter urlRequest:              The URL request.
+/// - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
 public func upload(
-    URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
-    multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-    encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-    encodingCompletion: (Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
+    multipartFormData: @escaping (MultipartFormData) -> Void,
+    usingThreshold encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = SessionManager.multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
+    with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
+    encodingCompletion: ((SessionManager.MultipartFormDataEncodingResult) -> Void)?)
 {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(
-        URLRequest,
+    return SessionManager.default.upload(
         multipartFormData: multipartFormData,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
+        usingThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
+        with: urlRequest,
         encodingCompletion: encodingCompletion
     )
 }
 
-// MARK: - Download Methods
-
-// MARK: URL Request
-
-/**
-    Creates a download request using the shared manager instance for the specified method and URL string.
-
-    - parameter method:      The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString:   The URL string.
-    - parameter parameters:  The parameters. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter encoding:    The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-    - parameter headers:     The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-    - returns: The created download request.
-*/
-public func download(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-    encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination)
-    -> Request
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.download(
-        method,
-        URLString,
-        parameters: parameters,
-        encoding: encoding,
-        headers: headers,
-        destination: destination
-    )
+#if !os(watchOS)
+
+// MARK: - Stream Request
+
+// MARK: Hostname and Port
+
+/// Creates a `StreamRequest` using the default `SessionManager` for bidirectional streaming with the `hostname`
+/// and `port`.
+///
+/// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+///
+/// - parameter hostName: The hostname of the server to connect to.
+/// - parameter port:     The port of the server to connect to.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `StreamRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+@available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+public func stream(withHostName hostName: String, port: Int) -> StreamRequest {
+    return SessionManager.default.stream(withHostName: hostName, port: port)
 }
 
-/**
-    Creates a download request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest:  The URL request.
-    - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-    - returns: The created download request.
-*/
-public func download(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.download(URLRequest, destination: destination)
+// MARK: NetService
+
+/// Creates a `StreamRequest` using the default `SessionManager` for bidirectional streaming with the `netService`.
+///
+/// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+///
+/// - parameter netService: The net service used to identify the endpoint.
+///
+/// - returns: The created `StreamRequest`.
+@discardableResult
+@available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+public func stream(with netService: NetService) -> StreamRequest {
+    return SessionManager.default.stream(with: netService)
 }
 
-// MARK: Resume Data
-
-/**
-    Creates a request using the shared manager instance for downloading from the resume data produced from a 
-    previous request cancellation.
-
-    - parameter resumeData:  The resume data. This is an opaque data blob produced by `NSURLSessionDownloadTask`
-                             when a task is cancelled. See `NSURLSession -downloadTaskWithResumeData:` for additional 
-                             information.
-    - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-    - returns: The created download request.
-*/
-public func download(resumeData data: NSData, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.download(data, destination: destination)
-}
+#endif

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/DispatchQueue+Alamofire.swift

+//
+//  DispatchQueue+Alamofire.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Dispatch
+import Foundation
+
+extension DispatchQueue {
+    static var userInteractive: DispatchQueue { return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInteractive) }
+    static var userInitiated: DispatchQueue { return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated) }
+    static var utility: DispatchQueue { return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .utility) }
+    static var background: DispatchQueue { return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background) }
+
+    func after(_ delay: TimeInterval, execute closure: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delay, execute: closure)
+    }
+}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Download.swift

-// Download.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-extension Manager {
-    private enum Downloadable {
-        case Request(NSURLRequest)
-        case ResumeData(NSData)
-    }
-
-    private func download(downloadable: Downloadable, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-        var downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask!
-
-        switch downloadable {
-        case .Request(let request):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                downloadTask = self.session.downloadTaskWithRequest(request)
-            }
-        case .ResumeData(let resumeData):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                downloadTask = self.session.downloadTaskWithResumeData(resumeData)
-            }
-        }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: downloadTask)
-
-        if let downloadDelegate = request.delegate as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-            downloadDelegate.downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL = { session, downloadTask, URL in
-                return destination(URL, downloadTask.response as! NSHTTPURLResponse)
-            }
-        }
-
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Request
-
-    /**
-        Creates a download request for the specified method, URL string, parameters, parameter encoding, headers
-        and destination.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:      The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString:   The URL string.
-        - parameter parameters:  The parameters. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter encoding:    The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-        - parameter headers:     The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-        - returns: The created download request.
-    */
-    public func download(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-        encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-        let encodedURLRequest = encoding.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-
-        return download(encodedURLRequest, destination: destination)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for downloading from the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest:  The URL request
-        - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-        - returns: The created download request.
-    */
-    public func download(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-        return download(.Request(URLRequest.URLRequest), destination: destination)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Resume Data
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for downloading from the resume data produced from a previous request cancellation.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter resumeData:  The resume data. This is an opaque data blob produced by `NSURLSessionDownloadTask` 
-                                 when a task is cancelled. See `NSURLSession -downloadTaskWithResumeData:` for 
-                                 additional information.
-        - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-        - returns: The created download request.
-    */
-    public func download(resumeData: NSData, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-        return download(.ResumeData(resumeData), destination: destination)
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-extension Request {
-    /**
-        A closure executed once a request has successfully completed in order to determine where to move the temporary 
-        file written to during the download process. The closure takes two arguments: the temporary file URL and the URL 
-        response, and returns a single argument: the file URL where the temporary file should be moved.
-    */
-    public typealias DownloadFileDestination = (NSURL, NSHTTPURLResponse) -> NSURL
-
-    /**
-        Creates a download file destination closure which uses the default file manager to move the temporary file to a 
-        file URL in the first available directory with the specified search path directory and search path domain mask.
-
-        - parameter directory: The search path directory. `.DocumentDirectory` by default.
-        - parameter domain:    The search path domain mask. `.UserDomainMask` by default.
-
-        - returns: A download file destination closure.
-    */
-    public class func suggestedDownloadDestination(
-        directory directory: NSSearchPathDirectory = .DocumentDirectory,
-        domain: NSSearchPathDomainMask = .UserDomainMask)
-        -> DownloadFileDestination
-    {
-        return { temporaryURL, response -> NSURL in
-            let directoryURLs = NSFileManager.defaultManager().URLsForDirectory(directory, inDomains: domain)
-
-            if !directoryURLs.isEmpty {
-                return directoryURLs[0].URLByAppendingPathComponent(response.suggestedFilename!)!
-            }
-
-            return temporaryURL
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The resume data of the underlying download task if available after a failure.
-    public var resumeData: NSData? {
-        var data: NSData?
-
-        if let delegate = delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate {
-            data = delegate.resumeData
-        }
-
-        return data
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - DownloadTaskDelegate
-
-    class DownloadTaskDelegate: TaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate {
-        var downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask? { return task as? NSURLSessionDownloadTask }
-        var downloadProgress: ((Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        var resumeData: NSData?
-        override var data: NSData? { return resumeData }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        var downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, NSURL) -> NSURL)?
-        var downloadTaskDidWriteData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-        var downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didFinishDownloadingToURL location: NSURL)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL = downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL {
-                do {
-                    let destination = downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL(session, downloadTask, location)
-                    try NSFileManager.defaultManager().moveItemAtURL(location, toURL: destination)
-                } catch {
-                    self.error = error as NSError
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64)
-        {
-            if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
-
-            if let downloadTaskDidWriteData = downloadTaskDidWriteData {
-                downloadTaskDidWriteData(
-                    session,
-                    downloadTask,
-                    bytesWritten,
-                    totalBytesWritten, 
-                    totalBytesExpectedToWrite
-                )
-            } else {
-                progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpectedToWrite
-                progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesWritten
-
-                downloadProgress?(bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
-            }
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didResumeAtOffset fileOffset: Int64,
-            expectedTotalBytes: Int64)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset = downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset {
-                downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset(session, downloadTask, fileOffset, expectedTotalBytes)
-            } else {
-                progress.totalUnitCount = expectedTotalBytes
-                progress.completedUnitCount = fileOffset
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Error.swift

-// Error.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/// The `Error` struct provides a convenience for creating custom Alamofire NSErrors.
-public struct Error {
-    /// The domain used for creating all Alamofire errors.
-    public static let Domain = "com.alamofire.error"
-
-    /// The custom error codes generated by Alamofire.
-    public enum Code: Int {
-        case InputStreamReadFailed           = -6000
-        case OutputStreamWriteFailed         = -6001
-        case ContentTypeValidationFailed     = -6002
-        case StatusCodeValidationFailed      = -6003
-        case DataSerializationFailed         = -6004
-        case StringSerializationFailed       = -6005
-        case JSONSerializationFailed         = -6006
-        case PropertyListSerializationFailed = -6007
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates an `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-
-        - parameter code:          The error code.
-        - parameter failureReason: The failure reason.
-
-        - returns: An `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-    */
-    public static func errorWithCode(code: Code, failureReason: String) -> NSError {
-        return errorWithCode(code.rawValue, failureReason: failureReason)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates an `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-
-        - parameter code:          The error code.
-        - parameter failureReason: The failure reason.
-
-        - returns: An `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-    */
-    public static func errorWithCode(code: Int, failureReason: String) -> NSError {
-        let userInfo = [NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey: failureReason]
-        return NSError(domain: Domain, code: code, userInfo: userInfo)
-    }
-}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Info-tvOS.plist

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>en</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>FMWK</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>4.6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+	<string>????</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>$(CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION)</string>
+	<key>NSPrincipalClass</key>
+	<string></string>
+	<key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>arm64</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Info.plist

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>en</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>FMWK</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>4.6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+	<string>????</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>$(CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION)</string>
+	<key>NSPrincipalClass</key>
+	<string></string>
+</dict>
+</plist>

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Manager.swift

-// Manager.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/**
-    Responsible for creating and managing `Request` objects, as well as their underlying `NSURLSession`.
-*/
-public class Manager {
-
-    // MARK: - Properties
-
-    /**
-        A shared instance of `Manager`, used by top-level Alamofire request methods, and suitable for use directly 
-        for any ad hoc requests.
-    */
-    public static let sharedInstance: Manager = {
-        let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
-        configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders = Manager.defaultHTTPHeaders
-
-        return Manager(configuration: configuration)
-    }()
-
-    /**
-        Creates default values for the "Accept-Encoding", "Accept-Language" and "User-Agent" headers.
-    */
-    public static let defaultHTTPHeaders: [String: String] = {
-        // Accept-Encoding HTTP Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-4.2.3
-        let acceptEncoding: String = "gzip;q=1.0, compress;q=0.5"
-
-        // Accept-Language HTTP Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.5
-        let acceptLanguage = NSLocale.preferredLanguages().prefix(6).enumerate().map { index, languageCode in
-            let quality = 1.0 - (Double(index) * 0.1)
-            return "\(languageCode);q=\(quality)"
-        }.joinWithSeparator(", ")
-
-        // User-Agent Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.5.3
-        let userAgent: String = {
-            if let info = NSBundle.mainBundle().infoDictionary {
-                let executable = info[kCFBundleExecutableKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
-                let bundle = info[kCFBundleIdentifierKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
-                let version = info[kCFBundleVersionKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
-                let os = NSProcessInfo.processInfo().operatingSystemVersionString
-
-                var mutableUserAgent = NSMutableString(string: "\(executable)/\(bundle) (\(version); OS \(os))") as CFMutableString
-                let transform = NSString(string: "Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII; [:^ASCII:] Remove") as CFString
-
-                if CFStringTransform(mutableUserAgent, UnsafeMutablePointer<CFRange>(nil), transform, false) {
-                    return mutableUserAgent as String
-                }
-            }
-
-            return "Alamofire"
-        }()
-
-        return [
-            "Accept-Encoding": acceptEncoding,
-            "Accept-Language": acceptLanguage,
-            "User-Agent": userAgent
-        ]
-    }()
-
-    let queue = dispatch_queue_create(nil, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
-
-    /// The underlying session.
-    public let session: NSURLSession
-
-    /// The session delegate handling all the task and session delegate callbacks.
-    public let delegate: SessionDelegate
-
-    /// Whether to start requests immediately after being constructed. `true` by default.
-    public var startRequestsImmediately: Bool = true
-
-    /**
-        The background completion handler closure provided by the UIApplicationDelegate 
-        `application:handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:completionHandler:` method. By setting the background 
-        completion handler, the SessionDelegate `sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession` closure implementation 
-        will automatically call the handler.
-    
-        If you need to handle your own events before the handler is called, then you need to override the 
-        SessionDelegate `sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession` and manually call the handler when finished.
-    
-        `nil` by default.
-    */
-    public var backgroundCompletionHandler: (() -> Void)?
-
-    // MARK: - Lifecycle
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `Manager` instance with the specified configuration, delegate and server trust policy.
-
-        - parameter configuration:            The configuration used to construct the managed session. 
-                                              `NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()` by default.
-        - parameter delegate:                 The delegate used when initializing the session. `SessionDelegate()` by
-                                              default.
-        - parameter serverTrustPolicyManager: The server trust policy manager to use for evaluating all server trust 
-                                              challenges. `nil` by default.
-
-        - returns: The new `Manager` instance.
-    */
-    public init(
-        configuration: NSURLSessionConfiguration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration(),
-        delegate: SessionDelegate = SessionDelegate(),
-        serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? = nil)
-    {
-        self.delegate = delegate
-        self.session = NSURLSession(configuration: configuration, delegate: delegate, delegateQueue: nil)
-
-        commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager: serverTrustPolicyManager)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `Manager` instance with the specified session, delegate and server trust policy.
-
-        - parameter session:                  The URL session.
-        - parameter delegate:                 The delegate of the URL session. Must equal the URL session's delegate.
-        - parameter serverTrustPolicyManager: The server trust policy manager to use for evaluating all server trust
-                                              challenges. `nil` by default.
-
-        - returns: The new `Manager` instance if the URL session's delegate matches the delegate parameter.
-    */
-    public init?(
-        session: NSURLSession,
-        delegate: SessionDelegate,
-        serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? = nil)
-    {
-        self.delegate = delegate
-        self.session = session
-
-        guard delegate === session.delegate else { return nil }
-
-        commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager: serverTrustPolicyManager)
-    }
-
-    private func commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager?) {
-        session.serverTrustPolicyManager = serverTrustPolicyManager
-
-        delegate.sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession = { [weak self] session in
-            guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
-            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) { strongSelf.backgroundCompletionHandler?() }
-        }
-    }
-
-    deinit {
-        session.invalidateAndCancel()
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Request
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for the specified method, URL string, parameters, parameter encoding and headers.
-
-        - parameter method:     The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString:  The URL string.
-        - parameter parameters: The parameters. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter encoding:   The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-        - parameter headers:    The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-
-        - returns: The created request.
-    */
-    public func request(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-        encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-        let encodedURLRequest = encoding.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-        return request(encodedURLRequest)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request
-
-        - returns: The created request.
-    */
-    public func request(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> Request {
-        var dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask!
-        dispatch_sync(queue) { dataTask = self.session.dataTaskWithRequest(URLRequest.URLRequest) }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: dataTask)
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - SessionDelegate
-
-    /**
-        Responsible for handling all delegate callbacks for the underlying session.
-    */
-    public final class SessionDelegate: NSObject, NSURLSessionDelegate, NSURLSessionTaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate, NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate {
-        private var subdelegates: [Int: Request.TaskDelegate] = [:]
-        private let subdelegateQueue = dispatch_queue_create(nil, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT)
-
-        subscript(task: NSURLSessionTask) -> Request.TaskDelegate? {
-            get {
-                var subdelegate: Request.TaskDelegate?
-                dispatch_sync(subdelegateQueue) { subdelegate = self.subdelegates[task.taskIdentifier] }
-
-                return subdelegate
-            }
-
-            set {
-                dispatch_barrier_async(subdelegateQueue) { self.subdelegates[task.taskIdentifier] = newValue }
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Initializes the `SessionDelegate` instance.
-
-            - returns: The new `SessionDelegate` instance.
-        */
-        public override init() {
-            super.init()
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSession:didBecomeInvalidWithError:`.
-        public var sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError: ((NSURLSession, NSError?) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSession:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:`.
-        public var sessionDidReceiveChallenge: ((NSURLSession, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?))?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSession:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:` and requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge, (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession:`.
-        public var sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession: ((NSURLSession) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the session has been invalidated.
-
-            - parameter session: The session object that was invalidated.
-            - parameter error:   The error that caused invalidation, or nil if the invalidation was explicit.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, didBecomeInvalidWithError error: NSError?) {
-            sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError?(session, error)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Requests credentials from the delegate in response to a session-level authentication request from the remote server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task that requested authentication.
-            - parameter challenge:         An object that contains the request for authentication.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A handler that your delegate method must call providing the disposition and credential.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            didReceiveChallenge challenge: NSURLAuthenticationChallenge,
-            completionHandler: ((NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void))
-        {
-            guard sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion == nil else {
-                sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion?(session, challenge, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition = .PerformDefaultHandling
-            var credential: NSURLCredential?
-
-            if let sessionDidReceiveChallenge = sessionDidReceiveChallenge {
-                (disposition, credential) = sessionDidReceiveChallenge(session, challenge)
-            } else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
-                let host = challenge.protectionSpace.host
-
-                if let
-                    serverTrustPolicy = session.serverTrustPolicyManager?.serverTrustPolicyForHost(host),
-                    serverTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust
-                {
-                    if serverTrustPolicy.evaluateServerTrust(serverTrust, isValidForHost: host) {
-                        disposition = .UseCredential
-                        credential = NSURLCredential(forTrust: serverTrust)
-                    } else {
-                        disposition = .CancelAuthenticationChallenge
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(disposition, credential)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that all messages enqueued for a session have been delivered.
-
-            - parameter session: The session that no longer has any outstanding requests.
-        */
-        public func URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession(session: NSURLSession) {
-            sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession?(session)
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionTaskDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:`.
-        public var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSHTTPURLResponse, NSURLRequest) -> NSURLRequest?)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:` and
-        /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSHTTPURLResponse, NSURLRequest, NSURLRequest? -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:`.
-        public var taskDidReceiveChallenge: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?))?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:` and 
-        /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge, (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:session:task:needNewBodyStream:`.
-        public var taskNeedNewBodyStream: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask) -> NSInputStream?)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:session:task:needNewBodyStream:` and 
-        /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSInputStream? -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didSendBodyData:totalBytesSent:totalBytesExpectedToSend:`.
-        public var taskDidSendBodyData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didCompleteWithError:`.
-        public var taskDidComplete: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSError?) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the remote server requested an HTTP redirect.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task whose request resulted in a redirect.
-            - parameter task:              The task whose request resulted in a redirect.
-            - parameter response:          An object containing the server’s response to the original request.
-            - parameter request:           A URL request object filled out with the new location.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A closure that your handler should call with either the value of the request 
-                                           parameter, a modified URL request object, or NULL to refuse the redirect and 
-                                           return the body of the redirect response.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            willPerformHTTPRedirection response: NSHTTPURLResponse,
-            newRequest request: NSURLRequest,
-            completionHandler: NSURLRequest? -> Void)
-        {
-            guard taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion == nil else {
-                taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion?(session, task, response, request, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            var redirectRequest: NSURLRequest? = request
-
-            if let taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection {
-                redirectRequest = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection(session, task, response, request)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(redirectRequest)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Requests credentials from the delegate in response to an authentication request from the remote server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task whose request requires authentication.
-            - parameter task:              The task whose request requires authentication.
-            - parameter challenge:         An object that contains the request for authentication.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A handler that your delegate method must call providing the disposition and credential.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didReceiveChallenge challenge: NSURLAuthenticationChallenge,
-            completionHandler: (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void)
-        {
-            guard taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion == nil else {
-                taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion?(session, task, challenge, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            if let taskDidReceiveChallenge = taskDidReceiveChallenge {
-                let result = taskDidReceiveChallenge(session, task, challenge)
-                completionHandler(result.0, result.1)
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    task: task,
-                    didReceiveChallenge: challenge,
-                    completionHandler: completionHandler
-                )
-            } else {
-                URLSession(session, didReceiveChallenge: challenge, completionHandler: completionHandler)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate when a task requires a new request body stream to send to the remote server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task that needs a new body stream.
-            - parameter task:              The task that needs a new body stream.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A completion handler that your delegate method should call with the new body stream.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            needNewBodyStream completionHandler: NSInputStream? -> Void)
-        {
-            guard taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion == nil else {
-                taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion?(session, task, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            if let taskNeedNewBodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream {
-                completionHandler(taskNeedNewBodyStream(session, task))
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, task: task, needNewBodyStream: completionHandler)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Periodically informs the delegate of the progress of sending body content to the server.
-
-            - parameter session:                  The session containing the data task.
-            - parameter task:                     The data task.
-            - parameter bytesSent:                The number of bytes sent since the last time this delegate method was called.
-            - parameter totalBytesSent:           The total number of bytes sent so far.
-            - parameter totalBytesExpectedToSend: The expected length of the body data.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didSendBodyData bytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToSend: Int64)
-        {
-            if let taskDidSendBodyData = taskDidSendBodyData {
-                taskDidSendBodyData(session, task, bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] as? Request.UploadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    task: task,
-                    didSendBodyData: bytesSent,
-                    totalBytesSent: totalBytesSent,
-                    totalBytesExpectedToSend: totalBytesExpectedToSend
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the task finished transferring data.
-
-            - parameter session: The session containing the task whose request finished transferring data.
-            - parameter task:    The task whose request finished transferring data.
-            - parameter error:   If an error occurred, an error object indicating how the transfer failed, otherwise nil.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, task: NSURLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: NSError?) {
-            if let taskDidComplete = taskDidComplete {
-                taskDidComplete(session, task, error)
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, task: task, didCompleteWithError: error)
-            }
-
-            NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidComplete, object: task)
-
-            self[task] = nil
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDataDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:`.
-        public var dataTaskDidReceiveResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLResponse) -> NSURLSessionResponseDisposition)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:` and 
-        /// requires caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLResponse, NSURLSessionResponseDisposition -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didBecomeDownloadTask:`.
-        public var dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLSessionDownloadTask) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveData:`.
-        public var dataTaskDidReceiveData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSData) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:willCacheResponse:completionHandler:`.
-        public var dataTaskWillCacheResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSCachedURLResponse) -> NSCachedURLResponse?)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:willCacheResponse:completionHandler:` and 
-        /// requires caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSCachedURLResponse, NSCachedURLResponse? -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the data task received the initial reply (headers) from the server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the data task that received an initial reply.
-            - parameter dataTask:          The data task that received an initial reply.
-            - parameter response:          A URL response object populated with headers.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A completion handler that your code calls to continue the transfer, passing a 
-                                           constant to indicate whether the transfer should continue as a data task or 
-                                           should become a download task.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: NSURLSessionResponseDisposition -> Void)
-        {
-            guard dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion == nil else {
-                dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion?(session, dataTask, response, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionResponseDisposition = .Allow
-
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveResponse = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse {
-                disposition = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse(session, dataTask, response)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(disposition)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the data task was changed to a download task.
-
-            - parameter session:      The session containing the task that was replaced by a download task.
-            - parameter dataTask:     The data task that was replaced by a download task.
-            - parameter downloadTask: The new download task that replaced the data task.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didBecomeDownloadTask downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask)
-        {
-            if let dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask = dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask {
-                dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask(session, dataTask, downloadTask)
-            } else {
-                let downloadDelegate = Request.DownloadTaskDelegate(task: downloadTask)
-                self[downloadTask] = downloadDelegate
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the data task has received some of the expected data.
-
-            - parameter session:  The session containing the data task that provided data.
-            - parameter dataTask: The data task that provided data.
-            - parameter data:     A data object containing the transferred data.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask, didReceiveData data: NSData) {
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveData = dataTaskDidReceiveData {
-                dataTaskDidReceiveData(session, dataTask, data)
-            } else if let delegate = self[dataTask] as? Request.DataTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, dataTask: dataTask, didReceiveData: data)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Asks the delegate whether the data (or upload) task should store the response in the cache.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the data (or upload) task.
-            - parameter dataTask:          The data (or upload) task.
-            - parameter proposedResponse:  The default caching behavior. This behavior is determined based on the current 
-                                           caching policy and the values of certain received headers, such as the Pragma 
-                                           and Cache-Control headers.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A block that your handler must call, providing either the original proposed 
-                                           response, a modified version of that response, or NULL to prevent caching the 
-                                           response. If your delegate implements this method, it must call this completion 
-                                           handler; otherwise, your app leaks memory.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            willCacheResponse proposedResponse: NSCachedURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: NSCachedURLResponse? -> Void)
-        {
-            guard dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion == nil else {
-                dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion?(session, dataTask, proposedResponse, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            if let dataTaskWillCacheResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse {
-                completionHandler(dataTaskWillCacheResponse(session, dataTask, proposedResponse))
-            } else if let delegate = self[dataTask] as? Request.DataTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    dataTask: dataTask,
-                    willCacheResponse: proposedResponse,
-                    completionHandler: completionHandler
-                )
-            } else {
-                completionHandler(proposedResponse)
-            }
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate method `URLSession:downloadTask:didFinishDownloadingToURL:`.
-        public var downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, NSURL) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate method `URLSession:downloadTask:didWriteData:totalBytesWritten:totalBytesExpectedToWrite:`.
-        public var downloadTaskDidWriteData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate method `URLSession:downloadTask:didResumeAtOffset:expectedTotalBytes:`.
-        public var downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that a download task has finished downloading.
-
-            - parameter session:      The session containing the download task that finished.
-            - parameter downloadTask: The download task that finished.
-            - parameter location:     A file URL for the temporary file. Because the file is temporary, you must either 
-                                      open the file for reading or move it to a permanent location in your app’s sandbox 
-                                      container directory before returning from this delegate method.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didFinishDownloadingToURL location: NSURL)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL = downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL {
-                downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL(session, downloadTask, location)
-            } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask] as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, downloadTask: downloadTask, didFinishDownloadingToURL: location)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Periodically informs the delegate about the download’s progress.
-
-            - parameter session:                   The session containing the download task.
-            - parameter downloadTask:              The download task.
-            - parameter bytesWritten:              The number of bytes transferred since the last time this delegate 
-                                                   method was called.
-            - parameter totalBytesWritten:         The total number of bytes transferred so far.
-            - parameter totalBytesExpectedToWrite: The expected length of the file, as provided by the Content-Length 
-                                                   header. If this header was not provided, the value is 
-                                                   `NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown`.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidWriteData = downloadTaskDidWriteData {
-                downloadTaskDidWriteData(session, downloadTask, bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
-            } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask] as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    downloadTask: downloadTask,
-                    didWriteData: bytesWritten,
-                    totalBytesWritten: totalBytesWritten,
-                    totalBytesExpectedToWrite: totalBytesExpectedToWrite
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the download task has resumed downloading.
-
-            - parameter session:            The session containing the download task that finished.
-            - parameter downloadTask:       The download task that resumed. See explanation in the discussion.
-            - parameter fileOffset:         If the file's cache policy or last modified date prevents reuse of the 
-                                            existing content, then this value is zero. Otherwise, this value is an 
-                                            integer representing the number of bytes on disk that do not need to be 
-                                            retrieved again.
-            - parameter expectedTotalBytes: The expected length of the file, as provided by the Content-Length header. 
-                                            If this header was not provided, the value is NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didResumeAtOffset fileOffset: Int64,
-            expectedTotalBytes: Int64)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset = downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset {
-                downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset(session, downloadTask, fileOffset, expectedTotalBytes)
-            } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask] as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    downloadTask: downloadTask,
-                    didResumeAtOffset: fileOffset,
-                    expectedTotalBytes: expectedTotalBytes
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionStreamDelegate
-
-        var _streamTaskReadClosed: Any?
-        var _streamTaskWriteClosed: Any?
-        var _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered: Any?
-        var _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream: Any?
-
-        // MARK: - NSObject
-
-        public override func respondsToSelector(selector: Selector) -> Bool {
-            #if !os(OSX)
-                if selector == #selector(NSURLSessionDelegate.URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession(_:)) {
-                    return sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession != nil
-                }
-            #endif
-
-            switch selector {
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionDelegate.URLSession(_:didBecomeInvalidWithError:)):
-                return sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError != nil
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionDelegate.URLSession(_:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:)):
-                return sessionDidReceiveChallenge != nil
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionTaskDelegate.URLSession(_:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:)):
-                return taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection != nil
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionDataDelegate.URLSession(_:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:)):
-                return dataTaskDidReceiveResponse != nil
-            default:
-                return self.dynamicType.instancesRespondToSelector(selector)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/MultipartFormData.swift

-// MultipartFormData.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  MultipartFormData.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
 #if os(iOS) || os(watchOS) || os(tvOS)
 import MobileCoreServices
-#elseif os(OSX)
+#elseif os(macOS)
 import CoreServices
 #endif
 
-/**
-    Constructs `multipart/form-data` for uploads within an HTTP or HTTPS body. There are currently two ways to encode 
-    multipart form data. The first way is to encode the data directly in memory. This is very efficient, but can lead 
-    to memory issues if the dataset is too large. The second way is designed for larger datasets and will write all the 
-    data to a single file on disk with all the proper boundary segmentation. The second approach MUST be used for 
-    larger datasets such as video content, otherwise your app may run out of memory when trying to encode the dataset.
-
-    For more information on `multipart/form-data` in general, please refer to the RFC-2388 and RFC-2045 specs as well
-    and the w3 form documentation.
-
-    - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2388.txt
-    - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
-    - https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13
-*/
-public class MultipartFormData {
+/// Constructs `multipart/form-data` for uploads within an HTTP or HTTPS body. There are currently two ways to encode
+/// multipart form data. The first way is to encode the data directly in memory. This is very efficient, but can lead
+/// to memory issues if the dataset is too large. The second way is designed for larger datasets and will write all the
+/// data to a single file on disk with all the proper boundary segmentation. The second approach MUST be used for
+/// larger datasets such as video content, otherwise your app may run out of memory when trying to encode the dataset.
+///
+/// For more information on `multipart/form-data` in general, please refer to the RFC-2388 and RFC-2045 specs as well
+/// and the w3 form documentation.
+///
+/// - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2388.txt
+/// - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
+/// - https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13
+open class MultipartFormData {
 
     // MARK: - Helper Types
 
     struct EncodingCharacters {
-        static let CRLF = "\r\n"
+        static let crlf = "\r\n"
     }
 
     struct BoundaryGenerator {
         enum BoundaryType {
-            case Initial, Encapsulated, Final
+            case initial, encapsulated, final
         }
 
         static func randomBoundary() -> String {
             return String(format: "alamofire.boundary.%08x%08x", arc4random(), arc4random())
         }
 
-        static func boundaryData(boundaryType boundaryType: BoundaryType, boundary: String) -> NSData {
+        static func boundaryData(forBoundaryType boundaryType: BoundaryType, boundary: String) -> Data {
             let boundaryText: String
 
             switch boundaryType {
-            case .Initial:
-                boundaryText = "--\(boundary)\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
-            case .Encapsulated:
-                boundaryText = "\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)--\(boundary)\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
-            case .Final:
-                boundaryText = "\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)--\(boundary)--\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
+            case .initial:
+                boundaryText = "--\(boundary)\(EncodingCharacters.crlf)"
+            case .encapsulated:
+                boundaryText = "\(EncodingCharacters.crlf)--\(boundary)\(EncodingCharacters.crlf)"
+            case .final:
+                boundaryText = "\(EncodingCharacters.crlf)--\(boundary)--\(EncodingCharacters.crlf)"
             }
 
-            return boundaryText.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: false)!
+            return boundaryText.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
         }
     }
 
     class BodyPart {
-        let headers: [String: String]
-        let bodyStream: NSInputStream
+        let headers: HTTPHeaders
+        let bodyStream: InputStream
         let bodyContentLength: UInt64
         var hasInitialBoundary = false
         var hasFinalBoundary = false
 
-        init(headers: [String: String], bodyStream: NSInputStream, bodyContentLength: UInt64) {
+        init(headers: HTTPHeaders, bodyStream: InputStream, bodyContentLength: UInt64) {
             self.headers = headers
             self.bodyStream = bodyStream
             self.bodyContentLength = bodyContentLength
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
     // MARK: - Properties
 
     /// The `Content-Type` header value containing the boundary used to generate the `multipart/form-data`.
-    public var contentType: String { return "multipart/form-data; boundary=\(boundary)" }
+    open lazy var contentType: String = "multipart/form-data; boundary=\(self.boundary)"
 
     /// The content length of all body parts used to generate the `multipart/form-data` not including the boundaries.
     public var contentLength: UInt64 { return bodyParts.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.bodyContentLength } }
@@ -101,152 +101,137 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
     public let boundary: String
 
     private var bodyParts: [BodyPart]
-    private var bodyPartError: NSError?
+    private var bodyPartError: AFError?
     private let streamBufferSize: Int
 
     // MARK: - Lifecycle
 
-    /**
-        Creates a multipart form data object.
-
-        - returns: The multipart form data object.
-    */
+    /// Creates a multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The multipart form data object.
     public init() {
         self.boundary = BoundaryGenerator.randomBoundary()
         self.bodyParts = []
 
-        /**
-         *  The optimal read/write buffer size in bytes for input and output streams is 1024 (1KB). For more 
-         *  information, please refer to the following article:
-         *    - https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Streams/Articles/ReadingInputStreams.html
-         */
+        ///
+        /// The optimal read/write buffer size in bytes for input and output streams is 1024 (1KB). For more
+        /// information, please refer to the following article:
+        ///   - https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Streams/Articles/ReadingInputStreams.html
+        ///
 
         self.streamBufferSize = 1024
     }
 
     // MARK: - Body Parts
 
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter data: The data to encode into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name: The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(data data: NSData, name: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name)
-        let stream = NSInputStream(data: data)
-        let length = UInt64(data.length)
-
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
+    /// Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
+    ///
+    /// - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - Encoded data
+    /// - Multipart form boundary
+    ///
+    /// - parameter data: The data to encode into the multipart form data.
+    /// - parameter name: The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    public func append(_ data: Data, withName name: String) {
+        let headers = contentHeaders(withName: name)
+        let stream = InputStream(data: data)
+        let length = UInt64(data.count)
+
+        append(stream, withLength: length, headers: headers)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{generated mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter data:     The data to encode into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the data content type in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(data data: NSData, name: String, mimeType: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, mimeType: mimeType)
-        let stream = NSInputStream(data: data)
-        let length = UInt64(data.length)
-
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
+    /// Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
+    ///
+    /// - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - `Content-Type: #{generated mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - Encoded data
+    /// - Multipart form boundary
+    ///
+    /// - parameter data:     The data to encode into the multipart form data.
+    /// - parameter name:     The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    /// - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the data content type in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
+    public func append(_ data: Data, withName name: String, mimeType: String) {
+        let headers = contentHeaders(withName: name, mimeType: mimeType)
+        let stream = InputStream(data: data)
+        let length = UInt64(data.count)
+
+        append(stream, withLength: length, headers: headers)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded file data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter data:     The data to encode into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the data in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(data data: NSData, name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
-        let stream = NSInputStream(data: data)
-        let length = UInt64(data.length)
-
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
+    /// Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
+    ///
+    /// - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - `Content-Type: #{mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - Encoded file data
+    /// - Multipart form boundary
+    ///
+    /// - parameter data:     The data to encode into the multipart form data.
+    /// - parameter name:     The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    /// - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    /// - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the data in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
+    public func append(_ data: Data, withName name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) {
+        let headers = contentHeaders(withName: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
+        let stream = InputStream(data: data)
+        let length = UInt64(data.count)
+
+        append(stream, withLength: length, headers: headers)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the file and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{generated filename}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{generated mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded file data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        The filename in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header is generated from the last path component of the
-        `fileURL`. The `Content-Type` HTTP header MIME type is generated by mapping the `fileURL` extension to the
-        system associated MIME type.
-
-        - parameter fileURL: The URL of the file whose content will be encoded into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:    The name to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(fileURL fileURL: NSURL, name: String) {
-        if let
-            fileName = fileURL.lastPathComponent,
-            pathExtension = fileURL.pathExtension
-        {
-            let mimeType = mimeTypeForPathExtension(pathExtension)
-            appendBodyPart(fileURL: fileURL, name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
+    /// Creates a body part from the file and appends it to the multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
+    ///
+    /// - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{generated filename}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - `Content-Type: #{generated mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - Encoded file data
+    /// - Multipart form boundary
+    ///
+    /// The filename in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header is generated from the last path component of the
+    /// `fileURL`. The `Content-Type` HTTP header MIME type is generated by mapping the `fileURL` extension to the
+    /// system associated MIME type.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter fileURL: The URL of the file whose content will be encoded into the multipart form data.
+    /// - parameter name:    The name to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    public func append(_ fileURL: URL, withName name: String) {
+        let fileName = fileURL.lastPathComponent
+        let pathExtension = fileURL.pathExtension
+
+        if !fileName.isEmpty && !pathExtension.isEmpty {
+            let mime = mimeType(forPathExtension: pathExtension)
+            append(fileURL, withName: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mime)
         } else {
-            let failureReason = "Failed to extract the fileName of the provided URL: \(fileURL)"
-            setBodyPartError(Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason))
+            setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartFilenameInvalid(in: fileURL))
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the file and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename} (HTTP Header)
-        - Content-Type: #{mimeType} (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded file data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter fileURL:  The URL of the file whose content will be encoded into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the file content in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(fileURL fileURL: NSURL, name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
+    /// Creates a body part from the file and appends it to the multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
+    ///
+    /// - Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename} (HTTP Header)
+    /// - Content-Type: #{mimeType} (HTTP Header)
+    /// - Encoded file data
+    /// - Multipart form boundary
+    ///
+    /// - parameter fileURL:  The URL of the file whose content will be encoded into the multipart form data.
+    /// - parameter name:     The name to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    /// - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    /// - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the file content in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
+    public func append(_ fileURL: URL, withName name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) {
+        let headers = contentHeaders(withName: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
 
         //============================================================
         //                 Check 1 - is file URL?
         //============================================================
 
-        guard fileURL.fileURL else {
-            let failureReason = "The file URL does not point to a file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
+        guard fileURL.isFileURL else {
+            setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartURLInvalid(url: fileURL))
             return
         }
 
@@ -254,15 +239,14 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
         //              Check 2 - is file URL reachable?
         //============================================================
 
-        var isReachable = true
-
-        if #available(OSX 10.10, *) {
-            isReachable = fileURL.checkPromisedItemIsReachableAndReturnError(nil)
-        }
-
-        guard isReachable else {
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: "The file URL is not reachable: \(fileURL)")
-            setBodyPartError(error)
+        do {
+            let isReachable = try fileURL.checkPromisedItemIsReachable()
+            guard isReachable else {
+                setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartFileNotReachable(at: fileURL))
+                return
+            }
+        } catch {
+            setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartFileNotReachableWithError(atURL: fileURL, error: error))
             return
         }
 
@@ -271,14 +255,10 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
         //============================================================
 
         var isDirectory: ObjCBool = false
+        let path = fileURL.path
 
-        guard let
-            path = fileURL.path
-            where NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(path, isDirectory: &isDirectory) && !isDirectory else
-        {
-            let failureReason = "The file URL is a directory, not a file: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
+        guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: path, isDirectory: &isDirectory) && !isDirectory.boolValue else {
+            setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartFileIsDirectory(at: fileURL))
             return
         }
 
@@ -286,23 +266,18 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
         //          Check 4 - can the file size be extracted?
         //============================================================
 
-        var bodyContentLength: UInt64?
+        let bodyContentLength: UInt64
 
         do {
-            if let
-                path = fileURL.path,
-                fileSize = try NSFileManager.defaultManager().attributesOfItemAtPath(path)[NSFileSize] as? NSNumber
-            {
-                bodyContentLength = fileSize.unsignedLongLongValue
+            guard let fileSize = try FileManager.default.attributesOfItem(atPath: path)[.size] as? NSNumber else {
+                setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartFileSizeNotAvailable(at: fileURL))
+                return
             }
-        } catch {
-            // No-op
-        }
 
-        guard let length = bodyContentLength else {
-            let failureReason = "Could not fetch attributes from the file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
+            bodyContentLength = fileSize.uint64Value
+        }
+        catch {
+            setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartFileSizeQueryFailedWithError(forURL: fileURL, error: error))
             return
         }
 
@@ -310,237 +285,206 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
         //       Check 5 - can a stream be created from file URL?
         //============================================================
 
-        guard let stream = NSInputStream(URL: fileURL) else {
-            let failureReason = "Failed to create an input stream from the file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorCannotOpenFile, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
+        guard let stream = InputStream(url: fileURL) else {
+            setBodyPartError(withReason: .bodyPartInputStreamCreationFailed(for: fileURL))
             return
         }
 
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
+        append(stream, withLength: bodyContentLength, headers: headers)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the stream and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded stream data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter stream:   The input stream to encode in the multipart form data.
-        - parameter length:   The content length of the stream.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(
-        stream stream: NSInputStream,
-        length: UInt64,
+    /// Creates a body part from the stream and appends it to the multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
+    ///
+    /// - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - `Content-Type: #{mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
+    /// - Encoded stream data
+    /// - Multipart form boundary
+    ///
+    /// - parameter stream:   The input stream to encode in the multipart form data.
+    /// - parameter length:   The content length of the stream.
+    /// - parameter name:     The name to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    /// - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
+    /// - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
+    public func append(
+        _ stream: InputStream,
+        withLength length: UInt64,
         name: String,
         fileName: String,
         mimeType: String)
     {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
+        let headers = contentHeaders(withName: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
+        append(stream, withLength: length, headers: headers)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a body part with the headers, stream and length and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - HTTP headers
-        - Encoded stream data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter stream:  The input stream to encode in the multipart form data.
-        - parameter length:  The content length of the stream.
-        - parameter headers: The HTTP headers for the body part.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(stream stream: NSInputStream, length: UInt64, headers: [String: String]) {
+    /// Creates a body part with the headers, stream and length and appends it to the multipart form data object.
+    ///
+    /// The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
+    ///
+    /// - HTTP headers
+    /// - Encoded stream data
+    /// - Multipart form boundary
+    ///
+    /// - parameter stream:  The input stream to encode in the multipart form data.
+    /// - parameter length:  The content length of the stream.
+    /// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers for the body part.
+    public func append(_ stream: InputStream, withLength length: UInt64, headers: HTTPHeaders) {
         let bodyPart = BodyPart(headers: headers, bodyStream: stream, bodyContentLength: length)
         bodyParts.append(bodyPart)
     }
 
     // MARK: - Data Encoding
 
-    /**
-        Encodes all the appended body parts into a single `NSData` object.
-
-        It is important to note that this method will load all the appended body parts into memory all at the same 
-        time. This method should only be used when the encoded data will have a small memory footprint. For large data 
-        cases, please use the `writeEncodedDataToDisk(fileURL:completionHandler:)` method.
-
-        - throws: An `NSError` if encoding encounters an error.
-
-        - returns: The encoded `NSData` if encoding is successful.
-    */
-    public func encode() throws -> NSData {
+    /// Encodes all the appended body parts into a single `Data` value.
+    ///
+    /// It is important to note that this method will load all the appended body parts into memory all at the same
+    /// time. This method should only be used when the encoded data will have a small memory footprint. For large data
+    /// cases, please use the `writeEncodedDataToDisk(fileURL:completionHandler:)` method.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `AFError` if encoding encounters an error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The encoded `Data` if encoding is successful.
+    public func encode() throws -> Data {
         if let bodyPartError = bodyPartError {
             throw bodyPartError
         }
 
-        let encoded = NSMutableData()
+        var encoded = Data()
 
         bodyParts.first?.hasInitialBoundary = true
         bodyParts.last?.hasFinalBoundary = true
 
         for bodyPart in bodyParts {
-            let encodedData = try encodeBodyPart(bodyPart)
-            encoded.appendData(encodedData)
+            let encodedData = try encode(bodyPart)
+            encoded.append(encodedData)
         }
 
         return encoded
     }
 
-    /**
-        Writes the appended body parts into the given file URL.
-
-        This process is facilitated by reading and writing with input and output streams, respectively. Thus,
-        this approach is very memory efficient and should be used for large body part data.
-
-        - parameter fileURL: The file URL to write the multipart form data into.
-
-        - throws: An `NSError` if encoding encounters an error.
-    */
-    public func writeEncodedDataToDisk(fileURL: NSURL) throws {
+    /// Writes the appended body parts into the given file URL.
+    ///
+    /// This process is facilitated by reading and writing with input and output streams, respectively. Thus,
+    /// this approach is very memory efficient and should be used for large body part data.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter fileURL: The file URL to write the multipart form data into.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `AFError` if encoding encounters an error.
+    public func writeEncodedData(to fileURL: URL) throws {
         if let bodyPartError = bodyPartError {
             throw bodyPartError
         }
 
-        if let path = fileURL.path where NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(path) {
-            let failureReason = "A file already exists at the given file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            throw Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-        } else if !fileURL.fileURL {
-            let failureReason = "The URL does not point to a valid file: \(fileURL)"
-            throw Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
+        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.path) {
+            throw AFError.multipartEncodingFailed(reason: .outputStreamFileAlreadyExists(at: fileURL))
+        } else if !fileURL.isFileURL {
+            throw AFError.multipartEncodingFailed(reason: .outputStreamURLInvalid(url: fileURL))
         }
 
-        let outputStream: NSOutputStream
-
-        if let possibleOutputStream = NSOutputStream(URL: fileURL, append: false) {
-            outputStream = possibleOutputStream
-        } else {
-            let failureReason = "Failed to create an output stream with the given URL: \(fileURL)"
-            throw Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorCannotOpenFile, failureReason: failureReason)
+        guard let outputStream = OutputStream(url: fileURL, append: false) else {
+            throw AFError.multipartEncodingFailed(reason: .outputStreamCreationFailed(for: fileURL))
         }
 
         outputStream.open()
+        defer { outputStream.close() }
 
         self.bodyParts.first?.hasInitialBoundary = true
         self.bodyParts.last?.hasFinalBoundary = true
 
         for bodyPart in self.bodyParts {
-            try writeBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
+            try write(bodyPart, to: outputStream)
         }
-
-        outputStream.close()
     }
 
     // MARK: - Private - Body Part Encoding
 
-    private func encodeBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart) throws -> NSData {
-        let encoded = NSMutableData()
+    private func encode(_ bodyPart: BodyPart) throws -> Data {
+        var encoded = Data()
 
         let initialData = bodyPart.hasInitialBoundary ? initialBoundaryData() : encapsulatedBoundaryData()
-        encoded.appendData(initialData)
+        encoded.append(initialData)
 
-        let headerData = encodeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart)
-        encoded.appendData(headerData)
+        let headerData = encodeHeaders(for: bodyPart)
+        encoded.append(headerData)
 
-        let bodyStreamData = try encodeBodyStreamDataForBodyPart(bodyPart)
-        encoded.appendData(bodyStreamData)
+        let bodyStreamData = try encodeBodyStream(for: bodyPart)
+        encoded.append(bodyStreamData)
 
         if bodyPart.hasFinalBoundary {
-            encoded.appendData(finalBoundaryData())
+            encoded.append(finalBoundaryData())
         }
 
         return encoded
     }
 
-    private func encodeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart) -> NSData {
+    private func encodeHeaders(for bodyPart: BodyPart) -> Data {
         var headerText = ""
 
         for (key, value) in bodyPart.headers {
-            headerText += "\(key): \(value)\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
+            headerText += "\(key): \(value)\(EncodingCharacters.crlf)"
         }
-        headerText += EncodingCharacters.CRLF
+        headerText += EncodingCharacters.crlf
 
-        return headerText.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: false)!
+        return headerText.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
     }
 
-    private func encodeBodyStreamDataForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart) throws -> NSData {
+    private func encodeBodyStream(for bodyPart: BodyPart) throws -> Data {
         let inputStream = bodyPart.bodyStream
         inputStream.open()
+        defer { inputStream.close() }
 
-        var error: NSError?
-        let encoded = NSMutableData()
+        var encoded = Data()
 
         while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
-            var buffer = [UInt8](count: streamBufferSize, repeatedValue: 0)
+            var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: streamBufferSize)
             let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: streamBufferSize)
 
-            if inputStream.streamError != nil {
-                error = inputStream.streamError
-                break
+            if let error = inputStream.streamError {
+                throw AFError.multipartEncodingFailed(reason: .inputStreamReadFailed(error: error))
             }
 
             if bytesRead > 0 {
-                encoded.appendBytes(buffer, length: bytesRead)
-            } else if bytesRead < 0 {
-                let failureReason = "Failed to read from input stream: \(inputStream)"
-                error = Error.errorWithCode(.InputStreamReadFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                break
+                encoded.append(buffer, count: bytesRead)
             } else {
                 break
             }
         }
 
-        inputStream.close()
-
-        if let error = error {
-            throw error
-        }
-
         return encoded
     }
 
     // MARK: - Private - Writing Body Part to Output Stream
 
-    private func writeBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        try writeInitialBoundaryDataForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        try writeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        try writeBodyStreamForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        try writeFinalBoundaryDataForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
+    private func write(_ bodyPart: BodyPart, to outputStream: OutputStream) throws {
+        try writeInitialBoundaryData(for: bodyPart, to: outputStream)
+        try writeHeaderData(for: bodyPart, to: outputStream)
+        try writeBodyStream(for: bodyPart, to: outputStream)
+        try writeFinalBoundaryData(for: bodyPart, to: outputStream)
     }
 
-    private func writeInitialBoundaryDataForBodyPart(
-        bodyPart: BodyPart,
-        toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream)
-        throws
-    {
+    private func writeInitialBoundaryData(for bodyPart: BodyPart, to outputStream: OutputStream) throws {
         let initialData = bodyPart.hasInitialBoundary ? initialBoundaryData() : encapsulatedBoundaryData()
-        return try writeData(initialData, toOutputStream: outputStream)
+        return try write(initialData, to: outputStream)
     }
 
-    private func writeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        let headerData = encodeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart)
-        return try writeData(headerData, toOutputStream: outputStream)
+    private func writeHeaderData(for bodyPart: BodyPart, to outputStream: OutputStream) throws {
+        let headerData = encodeHeaders(for: bodyPart)
+        return try write(headerData, to: outputStream)
     }
 
-    private func writeBodyStreamForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
+    private func writeBodyStream(for bodyPart: BodyPart, to outputStream: OutputStream) throws {
         let inputStream = bodyPart.bodyStream
+
         inputStream.open()
+        defer { inputStream.close() }
 
         while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
-            var buffer = [UInt8](count: streamBufferSize, repeatedValue: 0)
+            var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: streamBufferSize)
             let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: streamBufferSize)
 
             if let streamError = inputStream.streamError {
-                throw streamError
+                throw AFError.multipartEncodingFailed(reason: .inputStreamReadFailed(error: streamError))
             }
 
             if bytesRead > 0 {
@@ -548,70 +492,52 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
                     buffer = Array(buffer[0..<bytesRead])
                 }
 
-                try writeBuffer(&buffer, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-            } else if bytesRead < 0 {
-                let failureReason = "Failed to read from input stream: \(inputStream)"
-                throw Error.errorWithCode(.InputStreamReadFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
+                try write(&buffer, to: outputStream)
             } else {
                 break
             }
         }
-
-        inputStream.close()
     }
 
-    private func writeFinalBoundaryDataForBodyPart(
-        bodyPart: BodyPart,
-        toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream)
-        throws
-    {
+    private func writeFinalBoundaryData(for bodyPart: BodyPart, to outputStream: OutputStream) throws {
         if bodyPart.hasFinalBoundary {
-            return try writeData(finalBoundaryData(), toOutputStream: outputStream)
+            return try write(finalBoundaryData(), to: outputStream)
         }
     }
 
     // MARK: - Private - Writing Buffered Data to Output Stream
 
-    private func writeData(data: NSData, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        var buffer = [UInt8](count: data.length, repeatedValue: 0)
-        data.getBytes(&buffer, length: data.length)
+    private func write(_ data: Data, to outputStream: OutputStream) throws {
+        var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: data.count)
+        data.copyBytes(to: &buffer, count: data.count)
 
-        return try writeBuffer(&buffer, toOutputStream: outputStream)
+        return try write(&buffer, to: outputStream)
     }
 
-    private func writeBuffer(inout buffer: [UInt8], toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
+    private func write(_ buffer: inout [UInt8], to outputStream: OutputStream) throws {
         var bytesToWrite = buffer.count
 
-        while bytesToWrite > 0 {
-            if outputStream.hasSpaceAvailable {
-                let bytesWritten = outputStream.write(buffer, maxLength: bytesToWrite)
+        while bytesToWrite > 0, outputStream.hasSpaceAvailable {
+            let bytesWritten = outputStream.write(buffer, maxLength: bytesToWrite)
 
-                if let streamError = outputStream.streamError {
-                    throw streamError
-                }
-
-                if bytesWritten < 0 {
-                    let failureReason = "Failed to write to output stream: \(outputStream)"
-                    throw Error.errorWithCode(.OutputStreamWriteFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                }
+            if let error = outputStream.streamError {
+                throw AFError.multipartEncodingFailed(reason: .outputStreamWriteFailed(error: error))
+            }
 
-                bytesToWrite -= bytesWritten
+            bytesToWrite -= bytesWritten
 
-                if bytesToWrite > 0 {
-                    buffer = Array(buffer[bytesWritten..<buffer.count])
-                }
-            } else if let streamError = outputStream.streamError {
-                throw streamError
+            if bytesToWrite > 0 {
+                buffer = Array(buffer[bytesWritten..<buffer.count])
             }
         }
     }
 
     // MARK: - Private - Mime Type
 
-    private func mimeTypeForPathExtension(pathExtension: String) -> String {
-        if let
-            id = UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, pathExtension, nil)?.takeRetainedValue(),
-            contentType = UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass(id, kUTTagClassMIMEType)?.takeRetainedValue()
+    private func mimeType(forPathExtension pathExtension: String) -> String {
+        if
+            let id = UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, pathExtension as CFString, nil)?.takeRetainedValue(),
+            let contentType = UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass(id, kUTTagClassMIMEType)?.takeRetainedValue()
         {
             return contentType as String
         }
@@ -621,43 +547,34 @@ public class MultipartFormData {
 
     // MARK: - Private - Content Headers
 
-    private func contentHeaders(name name: String) -> [String: String] {
-        return ["Content-Disposition": "form-data; name=\"\(name)\""]
-    }
+    private func contentHeaders(withName name: String, fileName: String? = nil, mimeType: String? = nil) -> [String: String] {
+        var disposition = "form-data; name=\"\(name)\""
+        if let fileName = fileName { disposition += "; filename=\"\(fileName)\"" }
 
-    private func contentHeaders(name name: String, mimeType: String) -> [String: String] {
-        return [
-            "Content-Disposition": "form-data; name=\"\(name)\"",
-            "Content-Type": "\(mimeType)"
-        ]
-    }
+        var headers = ["Content-Disposition": disposition]
+        if let mimeType = mimeType { headers["Content-Type"] = mimeType }
 
-    private func contentHeaders(name name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) -> [String: String] {
-        return [
-            "Content-Disposition": "form-data; name=\"\(name)\"; filename=\"\(fileName)\"",
-            "Content-Type": "\(mimeType)"
-        ]
+        return headers
     }
 
     // MARK: - Private - Boundary Encoding
 
-    private func initialBoundaryData() -> NSData {
-        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(boundaryType: .Initial, boundary: boundary)
+    private func initialBoundaryData() -> Data {
+        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(forBoundaryType: .initial, boundary: boundary)
     }
 
-    private func encapsulatedBoundaryData() -> NSData {
-        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(boundaryType: .Encapsulated, boundary: boundary)
+    private func encapsulatedBoundaryData() -> Data {
+        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(forBoundaryType: .encapsulated, boundary: boundary)
     }
 
-    private func finalBoundaryData() -> NSData {
-        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(boundaryType: .Final, boundary: boundary)
+    private func finalBoundaryData() -> Data {
+        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(forBoundaryType: .final, boundary: boundary)
     }
 
     // MARK: - Private - Errors
 
-    private func setBodyPartError(error: NSError) {
-        if bodyPartError == nil {
-            bodyPartError = error
-        }
+    private func setBodyPartError(withReason reason: AFError.MultipartEncodingFailureReason) {
+        guard bodyPartError == nil else { return }
+        bodyPartError = AFError.multipartEncodingFailed(reason: reason)
     }
 }

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/NetworkReachabilityManager.swift

-// NetworkReachabilityManager.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  NetworkReachabilityManager.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #if !os(watchOS)
 
 import Foundation
 import SystemConfiguration
 
-/**
-    The `NetworkReachabilityManager` class listens for reachability changes of hosts and addresses for both WWAN and
-    WiFi network interfaces.
-
-    Reachability can be used to determine background information about why a network operation failed, or to retry
-    network requests when a connection is established. It should not be used to prevent a user from initiating a network
-    request, as it's possible that an initial request may be required to establish reachability.
-*/
+/// The `NetworkReachabilityManager` class listens for reachability changes of hosts and addresses for both WWAN and
+/// WiFi network interfaces.
+///
+/// Reachability can be used to determine background information about why a network operation failed, or to retry
+/// network requests when a connection is established. It should not be used to prevent a user from initiating a network
+/// request, as it's possible that an initial request may be required to establish reachability.
 public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
-    /**
-        Defines the various states of network reachability.
-
-        - Unknown:         It is unknown whether the network is reachable.
-        - NotReachable:    The network is not reachable.
-        - ReachableOnWWAN: The network is reachable over the WWAN connection.
-        - ReachableOnWiFi: The network is reachable over the WiFi connection.
-    */
+    /// Defines the various states of network reachability.
+    ///
+    /// - unknown:      It is unknown whether the network is reachable.
+    /// - notReachable: The network is not reachable.
+    /// - reachable:    The network is reachable.
     public enum NetworkReachabilityStatus {
-        case Unknown
-        case NotReachable
-        case Reachable(ConnectionType)
+        case unknown
+        case notReachable
+        case reachable(ConnectionType)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Defines the various connection types detected by reachability flags.
-
-        - EthernetOrWiFi: The connection type is either over Ethernet or WiFi.
-        - WWAN:           The connection type is a WWAN connection.
-    */
+    /// Defines the various connection types detected by reachability flags.
+    ///
+    /// - ethernetOrWiFi: The connection type is either over Ethernet or WiFi.
+    /// - wwan:           The connection type is a WWAN connection.
     public enum ConnectionType {
-        case EthernetOrWiFi
-        case WWAN
+        case ethernetOrWiFi
+        case wwan
     }
 
-    /// A closure executed when the network reachability status changes. The closure takes a single argument: the 
+    /// A closure executed when the network reachability status changes. The closure takes a single argument: the
     /// network reachability status.
-    public typealias Listener = NetworkReachabilityStatus -> Void
+    public typealias Listener = (NetworkReachabilityStatus) -> Void
 
     // MARK: - Properties
 
@@ -69,19 +64,19 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
     public var isReachable: Bool { return isReachableOnWWAN || isReachableOnEthernetOrWiFi }
 
     /// Whether the network is currently reachable over the WWAN interface.
-    public var isReachableOnWWAN: Bool { return networkReachabilityStatus == .Reachable(.WWAN) }
+    public var isReachableOnWWAN: Bool { return networkReachabilityStatus == .reachable(.wwan) }
 
     /// Whether the network is currently reachable over Ethernet or WiFi interface.
-    public var isReachableOnEthernetOrWiFi: Bool { return networkReachabilityStatus == .Reachable(.EthernetOrWiFi) }
+    public var isReachableOnEthernetOrWiFi: Bool { return networkReachabilityStatus == .reachable(.ethernetOrWiFi) }
 
     /// The current network reachability status.
     public var networkReachabilityStatus: NetworkReachabilityStatus {
-        guard let flags = self.flags else { return .Unknown }
+        guard let flags = self.flags else { return .unknown }
         return networkReachabilityStatusForFlags(flags)
     }
 
     /// The dispatch queue to execute the `listener` closure on.
-    public var listenerQueue: dispatch_queue_t = dispatch_get_main_queue()
+    public var listenerQueue: DispatchQueue = DispatchQueue.main
 
     /// A closure executed when the network reachability status changes.
     public var listener: Listener?
@@ -101,45 +96,34 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
 
     // MARK: - Initialization
 
-    /**
-        Creates a `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance with the specified host.
-
-        - parameter host: The host used to evaluate network reachability.
-
-        - returns: The new `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance.
-    */
+    /// Creates a `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance with the specified host.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter host: The host used to evaluate network reachability.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance.
     public convenience init?(host: String) {
         guard let reachability = SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithName(nil, host) else { return nil }
         self.init(reachability: reachability)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance with the default socket IPv4 or IPv6 address.
-
-        - returns: The new `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance.
-     */
+    /// Creates a `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance that monitors the address 0.0.0.0.
+    ///
+    /// Reachability treats the 0.0.0.0 address as a special token that causes it to monitor the general routing
+    /// status of the device, both IPv4 and IPv6.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance.
     public convenience init?() {
-        if #available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.10, *) {
-            var address = sockaddr_in6()
-            address.sin6_len = UInt8(sizeofValue(address))
-            address.sin6_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET6)
-
-            guard let reachability = withUnsafePointer(&address, {
-                SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, UnsafePointer($0))
-            }) else { return nil }
-
-            self.init(reachability: reachability)
-        } else {
-            var address = sockaddr_in()
-            address.sin_len = UInt8(sizeofValue(address))
-            address.sin_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET)
-
-            guard let reachability = withUnsafePointer(&address, {
-                SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, UnsafePointer($0))
-            }) else { return nil }
-
-            self.init(reachability: reachability)
-        }
+        var address = sockaddr_in()
+        address.sin_len = UInt8(MemoryLayout<sockaddr_in>.size)
+        address.sin_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET)
+
+        guard let reachability = withUnsafePointer(to: &address, { pointer in
+            return pointer.withMemoryRebound(to: sockaddr.self, capacity: MemoryLayout<sockaddr>.size) {
+                return SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, $0)
+            }
+        }) else { return nil }
+
+        self.init(reachability: reachability)
     }
 
     private init(reachability: SCNetworkReachability) {
@@ -153,19 +137,18 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
 
     // MARK: - Listening
 
-    /**
-        Starts listening for changes in network reachability status.
-
-        - returns: `true` if listening was started successfully, `false` otherwise.
-    */
+    /// Starts listening for changes in network reachability status.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: `true` if listening was started successfully, `false` otherwise.
+    @discardableResult
     public func startListening() -> Bool {
         var context = SCNetworkReachabilityContext(version: 0, info: nil, retain: nil, release: nil, copyDescription: nil)
-        context.info = UnsafeMutablePointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(self).toOpaque())
+        context.info = Unmanaged.passUnretained(self).toOpaque()
 
         let callbackEnabled = SCNetworkReachabilitySetCallback(
             reachability,
             { (_, flags, info) in
-                let reachability = Unmanaged<NetworkReachabilityManager>.fromOpaque(COpaquePointer(info)).takeUnretainedValue()
+                let reachability = Unmanaged<NetworkReachabilityManager>.fromOpaque(info!).takeUnretainedValue()
                 reachability.notifyListener(flags)
             },
             &context
@@ -173,7 +156,7 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
 
         let queueEnabled = SCNetworkReachabilitySetDispatchQueue(reachability, listenerQueue)
 
-        dispatch_async(listenerQueue) {
+        listenerQueue.async {
             self.previousFlags = SCNetworkReachabilityFlags()
             self.notifyListener(self.flags ?? SCNetworkReachabilityFlags())
         }
@@ -181,9 +164,7 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
         return callbackEnabled && queueEnabled
     }
 
-    /**
-        Stops listening for changes in network reachability status.
-    */
+    /// Stops listening for changes in network reachability status.
     public func stopListening() {
         SCNetworkReachabilitySetCallback(reachability, nil, nil)
         SCNetworkReachabilitySetDispatchQueue(reachability, nil)
@@ -191,7 +172,7 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
 
     // MARK: - Internal - Listener Notification
 
-    func notifyListener(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) {
+    func notifyListener(_ flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) {
         guard previousFlags != flags else { return }
         previousFlags = flags
 
@@ -200,22 +181,25 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
 
     // MARK: - Internal - Network Reachability Status
 
-    func networkReachabilityStatusForFlags(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> NetworkReachabilityStatus {
-        guard flags.contains(.Reachable) else { return .NotReachable }
+    func networkReachabilityStatusForFlags(_ flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> NetworkReachabilityStatus {
+        guard isNetworkReachable(with: flags) else { return .notReachable }
 
-        var networkStatus: NetworkReachabilityStatus = .NotReachable
+        var networkStatus: NetworkReachabilityStatus = .reachable(.ethernetOrWiFi)
 
-        if !flags.contains(.ConnectionRequired) { networkStatus = .Reachable(.EthernetOrWiFi) }
+    #if os(iOS)
+        if flags.contains(.isWWAN) { networkStatus = .reachable(.wwan) }
+    #endif
 
-        if flags.contains(.ConnectionOnDemand) || flags.contains(.ConnectionOnTraffic) {
-            if !flags.contains(.InterventionRequired) { networkStatus = .Reachable(.EthernetOrWiFi) }
-        }
+        return networkStatus
+    }
 
-        #if os(iOS)
-            if flags.contains(.IsWWAN) { networkStatus = .Reachable(.WWAN) }
-        #endif
+    func isNetworkReachable(with flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
+        let isReachable = flags.contains(.reachable)
+        let needsConnection = flags.contains(.connectionRequired)
+        let canConnectAutomatically = flags.contains(.connectionOnDemand) || flags.contains(.connectionOnTraffic)
+        let canConnectWithoutUserInteraction = canConnectAutomatically && !flags.contains(.interventionRequired)
 
-        return networkStatus
+        return isReachable && (!needsConnection || canConnectWithoutUserInteraction)
     }
 }
 
@@ -223,25 +207,23 @@ public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
 
 extension NetworkReachabilityManager.NetworkReachabilityStatus: Equatable {}
 
-/**
-    Returns whether the two network reachability status values are equal.
-
-    - parameter lhs: The left-hand side value to compare.
-    - parameter rhs: The right-hand side value to compare.
-
-    - returns: `true` if the two values are equal, `false` otherwise.
-*/
+/// Returns whether the two network reachability status values are equal.
+///
+/// - parameter lhs: The left-hand side value to compare.
+/// - parameter rhs: The right-hand side value to compare.
+///
+/// - returns: `true` if the two values are equal, `false` otherwise.
 public func ==(
     lhs: NetworkReachabilityManager.NetworkReachabilityStatus,
     rhs: NetworkReachabilityManager.NetworkReachabilityStatus)
     -> Bool
 {
     switch (lhs, rhs) {
-    case (.Unknown, .Unknown):
+    case (.unknown, .unknown):
         return true
-    case (.NotReachable, .NotReachable):
+    case (.notReachable, .notReachable):
         return true
-    case let (.Reachable(lhsConnectionType), .Reachable(rhsConnectionType)):
+    case let (.reachable(lhsConnectionType), .reachable(rhsConnectionType)):
         return lhsConnectionType == rhsConnectionType
     default:
         return false

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Notifications.swift

-// Notifications.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  Notifications.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
-/// Contains all the `NSNotification` names posted by Alamofire with descriptions of each notification's payload.
-public struct Notifications {
-    /// Used as a namespace for all `NSURLSessionTask` related notifications.
+extension Notification.Name {
+    /// Used as a namespace for all `URLSessionTask` related notifications.
     public struct Task {
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is resumed. The notification `object` contains the resumed
-        /// `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidResume = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didResume"
+        /// Posted when a `URLSessionTask` is resumed. The notification `object` contains the resumed `URLSessionTask`.
+        public static let DidResume = Notification.Name(rawValue: "org.alamofire.notification.name.task.didResume")
+
+        /// Posted when a `URLSessionTask` is suspended. The notification `object` contains the suspended `URLSessionTask`.
+        public static let DidSuspend = Notification.Name(rawValue: "org.alamofire.notification.name.task.didSuspend")
 
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is suspended. The notification `object` contains the 
-        /// suspended `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidSuspend = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didSuspend"
+        /// Posted when a `URLSessionTask` is cancelled. The notification `object` contains the cancelled `URLSessionTask`.
+        public static let DidCancel = Notification.Name(rawValue: "org.alamofire.notification.name.task.didCancel")
+
+        /// Posted when a `URLSessionTask` is completed. The notification `object` contains the completed `URLSessionTask`.
+        public static let DidComplete = Notification.Name(rawValue: "org.alamofire.notification.name.task.didComplete")
+    }
+}
 
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is cancelled. The notification `object` contains the
-        /// cancelled `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidCancel = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didCancel"
+// MARK: -
 
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is completed. The notification `object` contains the
-        /// completed `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidComplete = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didComplete"
+extension Notification {
+    /// Used as a namespace for all `Notification` user info dictionary keys.
+    public struct Key {
+        /// User info dictionary key representing the `URLSessionTask` associated with the notification.
+        public static let Task = "org.alamofire.notification.key.task"
     }
 }

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/ParameterEncoding.swift

-// ParameterEncoding.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  ParameterEncoding.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
-/**
-    HTTP method definitions.
+/// HTTP method definitions.
+///
+/// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3
+public enum HTTPMethod: String {
+    case options = "OPTIONS"
+    case get     = "GET"
+    case head    = "HEAD"
+    case post    = "POST"
+    case put     = "PUT"
+    case patch   = "PATCH"
+    case delete  = "DELETE"
+    case trace   = "TRACE"
+    case connect = "CONNECT"
+}
 
-    See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3
-*/
-public enum Method: String {
-    case OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT
+// MARK: -
+
+/// A dictionary of parameters to apply to a `URLRequest`.
+public typealias Parameters = [String: Any]
+
+/// A type used to define how a set of parameters are applied to a `URLRequest`.
+public protocol ParameterEncoding {
+    /// Creates a URL request by encoding parameters and applying them onto an existing request.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The request to have parameters applied.
+    /// - parameter parameters: The parameters to apply.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `AFError.parameterEncodingFailed` error if encoding fails.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The encoded request.
+    func encode(_ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible, with parameters: Parameters?) throws -> URLRequest
 }
 
-// MARK: ParameterEncoding
-
-/**
-    Used to specify the way in which a set of parameters are applied to a URL request.
-
-    - `URL`:             Creates a query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query for `GET`, `HEAD`, 
-                         and `DELETE` requests, or set as the body for requests with any other HTTP method. The 
-                         `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request with HTTP body is set to
-                         `application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8`. Since there is no published specification
-                         for how to encode collection types, the convention of appending `[]` to the key for array
-                         values (`foo[]=1&foo[]=2`), and appending the key surrounded by square brackets for nested
-                         dictionary values (`foo[bar]=baz`).
-
-    - `URLEncodedInURL`: Creates query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query. Uses the same
-                         implementation as the `.URL` case, but always applies the encoded result to the URL.
-
-    - `JSON`:            Uses `NSJSONSerialization` to create a JSON representation of the parameters object, which is 
-                         set as the body of the request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is 
-                         set to `application/json`.
-
-    - `PropertyList`:    Uses `NSPropertyListSerialization` to create a plist representation of the parameters object,
-                         according to the associated format and write options values, which is set as the body of the
-                         request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is set to
-                         `application/x-plist`.
-
-    - `Custom`:          Uses the associated closure value to construct a new request given an existing request and
-                         parameters.
-*/
-public enum ParameterEncoding {
-    case URL
-    case URLEncodedInURL
-    case JSON
-    case PropertyList(NSPropertyListFormat, NSPropertyListWriteOptions)
-    case Custom((URLRequestConvertible, [String: AnyObject]?) -> (NSMutableURLRequest, NSError?))
-
-    /**
-        Creates a URL request by encoding parameters and applying them onto an existing request.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The request to have parameters applied.
-        - parameter parameters: The parameters to apply.
-
-        - returns: A tuple containing the constructed request and the error that occurred during parameter encoding, 
-                   if any.
-    */
-    public func encode(
-        URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
-        parameters: [String: AnyObject]?)
-        -> (NSMutableURLRequest, NSError?)
-    {
-        var mutableURLRequest = URLRequest.URLRequest
+// MARK: -
+
+/// Creates a url-encoded query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query string or set as the HTTP
+/// body of the URL request. Whether the query string is set or appended to any existing URL query string or set as
+/// the HTTP body depends on the destination of the encoding.
+///
+/// The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request with HTTP body is set to
+/// `application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8`. Since there is no published specification for how to encode
+/// collection types, the convention of appending `[]` to the key for array values (`foo[]=1&foo[]=2`), and appending
+/// the key surrounded by square brackets for nested dictionary values (`foo[bar]=baz`).
+public struct URLEncoding: ParameterEncoding {
+
+    // MARK: Helper Types
+
+    /// Defines whether the url-encoded query string is applied to the existing query string or HTTP body of the
+    /// resulting URL request.
+    ///
+    /// - methodDependent: Applies encoded query string result to existing query string for `GET`, `HEAD` and `DELETE`
+    ///                    requests and sets as the HTTP body for requests with any other HTTP method.
+    /// - queryString:     Sets or appends encoded query string result to existing query string.
+    /// - httpBody:        Sets encoded query string result as the HTTP body of the URL request.
+    public enum Destination {
+        case methodDependent, queryString, httpBody
+    }
 
-        guard let parameters = parameters else { return (mutableURLRequest, nil) }
+    // MARK: Properties
 
-        var encodingError: NSError? = nil
+    /// Returns a default `URLEncoding` instance.
+    public static var `default`: URLEncoding { return URLEncoding() }
 
-        switch self {
-        case .URL, .URLEncodedInURL:
-            func query(parameters: [String: AnyObject]) -> String {
-                var components: [(String, String)] = []
+    /// Returns a `URLEncoding` instance with a `.methodDependent` destination.
+    public static var methodDependent: URLEncoding { return URLEncoding() }
 
-                for key in parameters.keys.sort(<) {
-                    let value = parameters[key]!
-                    components += queryComponents(key, value)
-                }
+    /// Returns a `URLEncoding` instance with a `.queryString` destination.
+    public static var queryString: URLEncoding { return URLEncoding(destination: .queryString) }
 
-                return (components.map { "\($0)=\($1)" } as [String]).joinWithSeparator("&")
-            }
+    /// Returns a `URLEncoding` instance with an `.httpBody` destination.
+    public static var httpBody: URLEncoding { return URLEncoding(destination: .httpBody) }
 
-            func encodesParametersInURL(method: Method) -> Bool {
-                switch self {
-                case .URLEncodedInURL:
-                    return true
-                default:
-                    break
-                }
-
-                switch method {
-                case .GET, .HEAD, .DELETE:
-                    return true
-                default:
-                    return false
-                }
-            }
+    /// The destination defining where the encoded query string is to be applied to the URL request.
+    public let destination: Destination
 
-            if let method = Method(rawValue: mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod) where encodesParametersInURL(method) {
-                if let
-                    URLComponents = NSURLComponents(URL: mutableURLRequest.URL!, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false)
-                    where !parameters.isEmpty
-                {
-                    let percentEncodedQuery = (URLComponents.percentEncodedQuery.map { $0 + "&" } ?? "") + query(parameters)
-                    URLComponents.percentEncodedQuery = percentEncodedQuery
-                    mutableURLRequest.URL = URLComponents.URL
-                }
-            } else {
-                if mutableURLRequest.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Content-Type") == nil {
-                    mutableURLRequest.setValue(
-                        "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
-                        forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type"
-                    )
-                }
-
-                mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = query(parameters).dataUsingEncoding(
-                    NSUTF8StringEncoding,
-                    allowLossyConversion: false
-                )
+    // MARK: Initialization
+
+    /// Creates a `URLEncoding` instance using the specified destination.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter destination: The destination defining where the encoded query string is to be applied.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `URLEncoding` instance.
+    public init(destination: Destination = .methodDependent) {
+        self.destination = destination
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Encoding
+
+    /// Creates a URL request by encoding parameters and applying them onto an existing request.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The request to have parameters applied.
+    /// - parameter parameters: The parameters to apply.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `Error` if the encoding process encounters an error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The encoded request.
+    public func encode(_ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible, with parameters: Parameters?) throws -> URLRequest {
+        var urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+
+        guard let parameters = parameters else { return urlRequest }
+
+        if let method = HTTPMethod(rawValue: urlRequest.httpMethod ?? "GET"), encodesParametersInURL(with: method) {
+            guard let url = urlRequest.url else {
+                throw AFError.parameterEncodingFailed(reason: .missingURL)
             }
-        case .JSON:
-            do {
-                let options = NSJSONWritingOptions()
-                let data = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(parameters, options: options)
-
-                if mutableURLRequest.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Content-Type") == nil {
-                    mutableURLRequest.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-                }
-
-                mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = data
-            } catch {
-                encodingError = error as NSError
+
+            if var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false), !parameters.isEmpty {
+                let percentEncodedQuery = (urlComponents.percentEncodedQuery.map { $0 + "&" } ?? "") + query(parameters)
+                urlComponents.percentEncodedQuery = percentEncodedQuery
+                urlRequest.url = urlComponents.url
             }
-        case .PropertyList(let format, let options):
-            do {
-                let data = try NSPropertyListSerialization.dataWithPropertyList(
-                    parameters,
-                    format: format,
-                    options: options
-                )
-
-                if mutableURLRequest.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Content-Type") == nil {
-                    mutableURLRequest.setValue("application/x-plist", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-                }
-
-                mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = data
-            } catch {
-                encodingError = error as NSError
+        } else {
+            if urlRequest.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type") == nil {
+                urlRequest.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
             }
-        case .Custom(let closure):
-            (mutableURLRequest, encodingError) = closure(mutableURLRequest, parameters)
+
+            urlRequest.httpBody = query(parameters).data(using: .utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)
         }
 
-        return (mutableURLRequest, encodingError)
+        return urlRequest
     }
 
-    /**
-        Creates percent-escaped, URL encoded query string components from the given key-value pair using recursion.
-
-        - parameter key:   The key of the query component.
-        - parameter value: The value of the query component.
-
-        - returns: The percent-escaped, URL encoded query string components.
-    */
-    public func queryComponents(key: String, _ value: AnyObject) -> [(String, String)] {
+    /// Creates percent-escaped, URL encoded query string components from the given key-value pair using recursion.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter key:   The key of the query component.
+    /// - parameter value: The value of the query component.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The percent-escaped, URL encoded query string components.
+    public func queryComponents(fromKey key: String, value: Any) -> [(String, String)] {
         var components: [(String, String)] = []
 
-        if let dictionary = value as? [String: AnyObject] {
+        if let dictionary = value as? [String: Any] {
             for (nestedKey, value) in dictionary {
-                components += queryComponents("\(key)[\(nestedKey)]", value)
+                components += queryComponents(fromKey: "\(key)[\(nestedKey)]", value: value)
             }
-        } else if let array = value as? [AnyObject] {
+        } else if let array = value as? [Any] {
             for value in array {
-                components += queryComponents("\(key)[]", value)
+                components += queryComponents(fromKey: "\(key)[]", value: value)
             }
+        } else if let value = value as? NSNumber {
+            if value.isBool {
+                components.append((escape(key), escape((value.boolValue ? "1" : "0"))))
+            } else {
+                components.append((escape(key), escape("\(value)")))
+            }
+        } else if let bool = value as? Bool {
+            components.append((escape(key), escape((bool ? "1" : "0"))))
         } else {
             components.append((escape(key), escape("\(value)")))
         }
@@ -199,35 +178,33 @@ public enum ParameterEncoding {
         return components
     }
 
-    /**
-        Returns a percent-escaped string following RFC 3986 for a query string key or value.
-
-        RFC 3986 states that the following characters are "reserved" characters.
-
-        - General Delimiters: ":", "#", "[", "]", "@", "?", "/"
-        - Sub-Delimiters: "!", "$", "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", "+", ",", ";", "="
-
-        In RFC 3986 - Section 3.4, it states that the "?" and "/" characters should not be escaped to allow
-        query strings to include a URL. Therefore, all "reserved" characters with the exception of "?" and "/"
-        should be percent-escaped in the query string.
-
-        - parameter string: The string to be percent-escaped.
-
-        - returns: The percent-escaped string.
-    */
-    public func escape(string: String) -> String {
+    /// Returns a percent-escaped string following RFC 3986 for a query string key or value.
+    ///
+    /// RFC 3986 states that the following characters are "reserved" characters.
+    ///
+    /// - General Delimiters: ":", "#", "[", "]", "@", "?", "/"
+    /// - Sub-Delimiters: "!", "$", "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", "+", ",", ";", "="
+    ///
+    /// In RFC 3986 - Section 3.4, it states that the "?" and "/" characters should not be escaped to allow
+    /// query strings to include a URL. Therefore, all "reserved" characters with the exception of "?" and "/"
+    /// should be percent-escaped in the query string.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter string: The string to be percent-escaped.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The percent-escaped string.
+    public func escape(_ string: String) -> String {
         let generalDelimitersToEncode = ":#[]@" // does not include "?" or "/" due to RFC 3986 - Section 3.4
         let subDelimitersToEncode = "!$&'()*+,;="
 
-        let allowedCharacterSet = NSCharacterSet.URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet().mutableCopy() as! NSMutableCharacterSet
-        allowedCharacterSet.removeCharactersInString(generalDelimitersToEncode + subDelimitersToEncode)
+        var allowedCharacterSet = CharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
+        allowedCharacterSet.remove(charactersIn: "\(generalDelimitersToEncode)\(subDelimitersToEncode)")
 
         var escaped = ""
 
         //==========================================================================================================
         //
         //  Batching is required for escaping due to an internal bug in iOS 8.1 and 8.2. Encoding more than a few
-        //  hundred Chinense characters causes various malloc error crashes. To avoid this issue until iOS 8 is no
+        //  hundred Chinese characters causes various malloc error crashes. To avoid this issue until iOS 8 is no
         //  longer supported, batching MUST be used for encoding. This introduces roughly a 20% overhead. For more
         //  info, please refer to:
         //
@@ -235,20 +212,20 @@ public enum ParameterEncoding {
         //
         //==========================================================================================================
 
-        if #available(iOS 8.3, OSX 10.10, *) {
-            escaped = string.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(allowedCharacterSet) ?? string
+        if #available(iOS 8.3, *) {
+            escaped = string.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedCharacterSet) ?? string
         } else {
             let batchSize = 50
             var index = string.startIndex
 
             while index != string.endIndex {
                 let startIndex = index
-                let endIndex = index.advancedBy(batchSize, limit: string.endIndex)
+                let endIndex = string.index(index, offsetBy: batchSize, limitedBy: string.endIndex) ?? string.endIndex
                 let range = startIndex..<endIndex
 
-                let substring = string.substringWithRange(range)
+                let substring = string[range]
 
-                escaped += substring.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(allowedCharacterSet) ?? substring
+                escaped += substring.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedCharacterSet) ?? String(substring)
 
                 index = endIndex
             }
@@ -256,4 +233,200 @@ public enum ParameterEncoding {
 
         return escaped
     }
+
+    private func query(_ parameters: [String: Any]) -> String {
+        var components: [(String, String)] = []
+
+        for key in parameters.keys.sorted(by: <) {
+            let value = parameters[key]!
+            components += queryComponents(fromKey: key, value: value)
+        }
+        return components.map { "\($0)=\($1)" }.joined(separator: "&")
+    }
+
+    private func encodesParametersInURL(with method: HTTPMethod) -> Bool {
+        switch destination {
+        case .queryString:
+            return true
+        case .httpBody:
+            return false
+        default:
+            break
+        }
+
+        switch method {
+        case .get, .head, .delete:
+            return true
+        default:
+            return false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+/// Uses `JSONSerialization` to create a JSON representation of the parameters object, which is set as the body of the
+/// request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is set to `application/json`.
+public struct JSONEncoding: ParameterEncoding {
+
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    /// Returns a `JSONEncoding` instance with default writing options.
+    public static var `default`: JSONEncoding { return JSONEncoding() }
+
+    /// Returns a `JSONEncoding` instance with `.prettyPrinted` writing options.
+    public static var prettyPrinted: JSONEncoding { return JSONEncoding(options: .prettyPrinted) }
+
+    /// The options for writing the parameters as JSON data.
+    public let options: JSONSerialization.WritingOptions
+
+    // MARK: Initialization
+
+    /// Creates a `JSONEncoding` instance using the specified options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options: The options for writing the parameters as JSON data.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `JSONEncoding` instance.
+    public init(options: JSONSerialization.WritingOptions = []) {
+        self.options = options
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Encoding
+
+    /// Creates a URL request by encoding parameters and applying them onto an existing request.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The request to have parameters applied.
+    /// - parameter parameters: The parameters to apply.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `Error` if the encoding process encounters an error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The encoded request.
+    public func encode(_ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible, with parameters: Parameters?) throws -> URLRequest {
+        var urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+
+        guard let parameters = parameters else { return urlRequest }
+
+        do {
+            let data = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: parameters, options: options)
+
+            if urlRequest.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type") == nil {
+                urlRequest.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
+            }
+
+            urlRequest.httpBody = data
+        } catch {
+            throw AFError.parameterEncodingFailed(reason: .jsonEncodingFailed(error: error))
+        }
+
+        return urlRequest
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a URL request by encoding the JSON object and setting the resulting data on the HTTP body.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The request to apply the JSON object to.
+    /// - parameter jsonObject: The JSON object to apply to the request.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `Error` if the encoding process encounters an error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The encoded request.
+    public func encode(_ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible, withJSONObject jsonObject: Any? = nil) throws -> URLRequest {
+        var urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+
+        guard let jsonObject = jsonObject else { return urlRequest }
+
+        do {
+            let data = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: jsonObject, options: options)
+
+            if urlRequest.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type") == nil {
+                urlRequest.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
+            }
+
+            urlRequest.httpBody = data
+        } catch {
+            throw AFError.parameterEncodingFailed(reason: .jsonEncodingFailed(error: error))
+        }
+
+        return urlRequest
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+/// Uses `PropertyListSerialization` to create a plist representation of the parameters object, according to the
+/// associated format and write options values, which is set as the body of the request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header
+/// field of an encoded request is set to `application/x-plist`.
+public struct PropertyListEncoding: ParameterEncoding {
+
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    /// Returns a default `PropertyListEncoding` instance.
+    public static var `default`: PropertyListEncoding { return PropertyListEncoding() }
+
+    /// Returns a `PropertyListEncoding` instance with xml formatting and default writing options.
+    public static var xml: PropertyListEncoding { return PropertyListEncoding(format: .xml) }
+
+    /// Returns a `PropertyListEncoding` instance with binary formatting and default writing options.
+    public static var binary: PropertyListEncoding { return PropertyListEncoding(format: .binary) }
+
+    /// The property list serialization format.
+    public let format: PropertyListSerialization.PropertyListFormat
+
+    /// The options for writing the parameters as plist data.
+    public let options: PropertyListSerialization.WriteOptions
+
+    // MARK: Initialization
+
+    /// Creates a `PropertyListEncoding` instance using the specified format and options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter format:  The property list serialization format.
+    /// - parameter options: The options for writing the parameters as plist data.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `PropertyListEncoding` instance.
+    public init(
+        format: PropertyListSerialization.PropertyListFormat = .xml,
+        options: PropertyListSerialization.WriteOptions = 0)
+    {
+        self.format = format
+        self.options = options
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Encoding
+
+    /// Creates a URL request by encoding parameters and applying them onto an existing request.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The request to have parameters applied.
+    /// - parameter parameters: The parameters to apply.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `Error` if the encoding process encounters an error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The encoded request.
+    public func encode(_ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible, with parameters: Parameters?) throws -> URLRequest {
+        var urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+
+        guard let parameters = parameters else { return urlRequest }
+
+        do {
+            let data = try PropertyListSerialization.data(
+                fromPropertyList: parameters,
+                format: format,
+                options: options
+            )
+
+            if urlRequest.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type") == nil {
+                urlRequest.setValue("application/x-plist", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
+            }
+
+            urlRequest.httpBody = data
+        } catch {
+            throw AFError.parameterEncodingFailed(reason: .propertyListEncodingFailed(error: error))
+        }
+
+        return urlRequest
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+extension NSNumber {
+    fileprivate var isBool: Bool { return CFBooleanGetTypeID() == CFGetTypeID(self) }
 }

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Request.swift

-// Request.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  Request.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
-/**
-    Responsible for sending a request and receiving the response and associated data from the server, as well as 
-    managing its underlying `NSURLSessionTask`.
-*/
-public class Request {
+/// A type that can inspect and optionally adapt a `URLRequest` in some manner if necessary.
+public protocol RequestAdapter {
+    /// Inspects and adapts the specified `URLRequest` in some manner if necessary and returns the result.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request to adapt.
+    ///
+    /// - throws: An `Error` if the adaptation encounters an error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The adapted `URLRequest`.
+    func adapt(_ urlRequest: URLRequest) throws -> URLRequest
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+/// A closure executed when the `RequestRetrier` determines whether a `Request` should be retried or not.
+public typealias RequestRetryCompletion = (_ shouldRetry: Bool, _ timeDelay: TimeInterval) -> Void
+
+/// A type that determines whether a request should be retried after being executed by the specified session manager
+/// and encountering an error.
+public protocol RequestRetrier {
+    /// Determines whether the `Request` should be retried by calling the `completion` closure.
+    ///
+    /// This operation is fully asynchronous. Any amount of time can be taken to determine whether the request needs
+    /// to be retried. The one requirement is that the completion closure is called to ensure the request is properly
+    /// cleaned up after.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter manager:    The session manager the request was executed on.
+    /// - parameter request:    The request that failed due to the encountered error.
+    /// - parameter error:      The error encountered when executing the request.
+    /// - parameter completion: The completion closure to be executed when retry decision has been determined.
+    func should(_ manager: SessionManager, retry request: Request, with error: Error, completion: @escaping RequestRetryCompletion)
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+protocol TaskConvertible {
+    func task(session: URLSession, adapter: RequestAdapter?, queue: DispatchQueue) throws -> URLSessionTask
+}
+
+/// A dictionary of headers to apply to a `URLRequest`.
+public typealias HTTPHeaders = [String: String]
+
+// MARK: -
+
+/// Responsible for sending a request and receiving the response and associated data from the server, as well as
+/// managing its underlying `URLSessionTask`.
+open class Request {
+
+    // MARK: Helper Types
 
-    // MARK: - Properties
+    /// A closure executed when monitoring upload or download progress of a request.
+    public typealias ProgressHandler = (Progress) -> Void
+
+    enum RequestTask {
+        case data(TaskConvertible?, URLSessionTask?)
+        case download(TaskConvertible?, URLSessionTask?)
+        case upload(TaskConvertible?, URLSessionTask?)
+        case stream(TaskConvertible?, URLSessionTask?)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Properties
 
     /// The delegate for the underlying task.
-    public let delegate: TaskDelegate
+    open internal(set) var delegate: TaskDelegate {
+        get {
+            taskDelegateLock.lock() ; defer { taskDelegateLock.unlock() }
+            return taskDelegate
+        }
+        set {
+            taskDelegateLock.lock() ; defer { taskDelegateLock.unlock() }
+            taskDelegate = newValue
+        }
+    }
 
     /// The underlying task.
-    public var task: NSURLSessionTask { return delegate.task }
+    open var task: URLSessionTask? { return delegate.task }
 
     /// The session belonging to the underlying task.
-    public let session: NSURLSession
+    open let session: URLSession
 
     /// The request sent or to be sent to the server.
-    public var request: NSURLRequest? { return task.originalRequest }
+    open var request: URLRequest? { return task?.originalRequest }
 
     /// The response received from the server, if any.
-    public var response: NSHTTPURLResponse? { return task.response as? NSHTTPURLResponse }
+    open var response: HTTPURLResponse? { return task?.response as? HTTPURLResponse }
 
-    /// The progress of the request lifecycle.
-    public var progress: NSProgress { return delegate.progress }
+    /// The number of times the request has been retried.
+    open internal(set) var retryCount: UInt = 0
+
+    let originalTask: TaskConvertible?
 
     var startTime: CFAbsoluteTime?
     var endTime: CFAbsoluteTime?
 
-    // MARK: - Lifecycle
+    var validations: [() -> Void] = []
+
+    private var taskDelegate: TaskDelegate
+    private var taskDelegateLock = NSLock()
+
+    // MARK: Lifecycle
 
-    init(session: NSURLSession, task: NSURLSessionTask) {
+    init(session: URLSession, requestTask: RequestTask, error: Error? = nil) {
         self.session = session
 
-        switch task {
-        case is NSURLSessionUploadTask:
-            delegate = UploadTaskDelegate(task: task)
-        case is NSURLSessionDataTask:
-            delegate = DataTaskDelegate(task: task)
-        case is NSURLSessionDownloadTask:
-            delegate = DownloadTaskDelegate(task: task)
-        default:
-            delegate = TaskDelegate(task: task)
+        switch requestTask {
+        case .data(let originalTask, let task):
+            taskDelegate = DataTaskDelegate(task: task)
+            self.originalTask = originalTask
+        case .download(let originalTask, let task):
+            taskDelegate = DownloadTaskDelegate(task: task)
+            self.originalTask = originalTask
+        case .upload(let originalTask, let task):
+            taskDelegate = UploadTaskDelegate(task: task)
+            self.originalTask = originalTask
+        case .stream(let originalTask, let task):
+            taskDelegate = TaskDelegate(task: task)
+            self.originalTask = originalTask
         }
 
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock { self.endTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
+        delegate.error = error
+        delegate.queue.addOperation { self.endTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
     }
 
-    // MARK: - Authentication
-
-    /**
-        Associates an HTTP Basic credential with the request.
-
-        - parameter user:        The user.
-        - parameter password:    The password.
-        - parameter persistence: The URL credential persistence. `.ForSession` by default.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func authenticate(
-        user user: String,
+    // MARK: Authentication
+
+    /// Associates an HTTP Basic credential with the request.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter user:        The user.
+    /// - parameter password:    The password.
+    /// - parameter persistence: The URL credential persistence. `.ForSession` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func authenticate(
+        user: String,
         password: String,
-        persistence: NSURLCredentialPersistence = .ForSession)
+        persistence: URLCredential.Persistence = .forSession)
         -> Self
     {
-        let credential = NSURLCredential(user: user, password: password, persistence: persistence)
-
+        let credential = URLCredential(user: user, password: password, persistence: persistence)
         return authenticate(usingCredential: credential)
     }
 
-    /**
-        Associates a specified credential with the request.
-
-        - parameter credential: The credential.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func authenticate(usingCredential credential: NSURLCredential) -> Self {
+    /// Associates a specified credential with the request.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter credential: The credential.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func authenticate(usingCredential credential: URLCredential) -> Self {
         delegate.credential = credential
-
         return self
     }
 
-    // MARK: - Progress
-
-    /**
-        Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the request as data is written to or read 
-        from the server.
+    /// Returns a base64 encoded basic authentication credential as an authorization header tuple.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter user:     The user.
+    /// - parameter password: The password.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A tuple with Authorization header and credential value if encoding succeeds, `nil` otherwise.
+    open static func authorizationHeader(user: String, password: String) -> (key: String, value: String)? {
+        guard let data = "\(user):\(password)".data(using: .utf8) else { return nil }
 
-        - For uploads, the progress closure returns the bytes written, total bytes written, and total bytes expected 
-          to write.
-        - For downloads and data tasks, the progress closure returns the bytes read, total bytes read, and total bytes 
-          expected to read.
+        let credential = data.base64EncodedString(options: [])
 
-        - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically during the lifecycle of the request.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func progress(closure: ((Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)? = nil) -> Self {
-        if let uploadDelegate = delegate as? UploadTaskDelegate {
-            uploadDelegate.uploadProgress = closure
-        } else if let dataDelegate = delegate as? DataTaskDelegate {
-            dataDelegate.dataProgress = closure
-        } else if let downloadDelegate = delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate {
-            downloadDelegate.downloadProgress = closure
-        }
-
-        return self
+        return (key: "Authorization", value: "Basic \(credential)")
     }
 
-    /**
-        Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the request as data is read from the server.
-
-        This closure returns the bytes most recently received from the server, not including data from previous calls. 
-        If this closure is set, data will only be available within this closure, and will not be saved elsewhere. It is 
-        also important to note that the `response` closure will be called with nil `responseData`.
+    // MARK: State
 
-        - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically during the lifecycle of the request.
+    /// Resumes the request.
+    open func resume() {
+        guard let task = task else { delegate.queue.isSuspended = false ; return }
 
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func stream(closure: (NSData -> Void)? = nil) -> Self {
-        if let dataDelegate = delegate as? DataTaskDelegate {
-            dataDelegate.dataStream = closure
-        }
-
-        return self
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - State
-
-    /**
-        Resumes the request.
-    */
-    public func resume() {
         if startTime == nil { startTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
 
         task.resume()
-        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidResume, object: task)
-    }
 
-    /**
-        Suspends the request.
-    */
-    public func suspend() {
-        task.suspend()
-        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidSuspend, object: task)
+        NotificationCenter.default.post(
+            name: Notification.Name.Task.DidResume,
+            object: self,
+            userInfo: [Notification.Key.Task: task]
+        )
     }
 
-    /**
-        Cancels the request.
-    */
-    public func cancel() {
-        if let
-            downloadDelegate = delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate,
-            downloadTask = downloadDelegate.downloadTask
-        {
-            downloadTask.cancelByProducingResumeData { data in
-                downloadDelegate.resumeData = data
-            }
-        } else {
-            task.cancel()
-        }
+    /// Suspends the request.
+    open func suspend() {
+        guard let task = task else { return }
 
-        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidCancel, object: task)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - TaskDelegate
-
-    /**
-        The task delegate is responsible for handling all delegate callbacks for the underlying task as well as 
-        executing all operations attached to the serial operation queue upon task completion.
-    */
-    public class TaskDelegate: NSObject {
+        task.suspend()
 
-        /// The serial operation queue used to execute all operations after the task completes.
-        public let queue: NSOperationQueue
+        NotificationCenter.default.post(
+            name: Notification.Name.Task.DidSuspend,
+            object: self,
+            userInfo: [Notification.Key.Task: task]
+        )
+    }
 
-        let task: NSURLSessionTask
-        let progress: NSProgress
+    /// Cancels the request.
+    open func cancel() {
+        guard let task = task else { return }
 
-        var data: NSData? { return nil }
-        var error: NSError?
+        task.cancel()
 
-        var initialResponseTime: CFAbsoluteTime?
-        var credential: NSURLCredential?
+        NotificationCenter.default.post(
+            name: Notification.Name.Task.DidCancel,
+            object: self,
+            userInfo: [Notification.Key.Task: task]
+        )
+    }
+}
 
-        init(task: NSURLSessionTask) {
-            self.task = task
-            self.progress = NSProgress(totalUnitCount: 0)
-            self.queue = {
-                let operationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
-                operationQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1
-                operationQueue.suspended = true
+// MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
 
-                if #available(OSX 10.10, *) {
-                    operationQueue.qualityOfService = NSQualityOfService.Utility
-                }
+extension Request: CustomStringConvertible {
+    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the HTTP method and URL, as
+    /// well as the response status code if a response has been received.
+    open var description: String {
+        var components: [String] = []
 
-                return operationQueue
-            }()
+        if let HTTPMethod = request?.httpMethod {
+            components.append(HTTPMethod)
         }
 
-        deinit {
-            queue.cancelAllOperations()
-            queue.suspended = false
+        if let urlString = request?.url?.absoluteString {
+            components.append(urlString)
         }
 
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionTaskDelegate
+        if let response = response {
+            components.append("(\(response.statusCode))")
+        }
 
-        // MARK: Override Closures
+        return components.joined(separator: " ")
+    }
+}
 
-        var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSHTTPURLResponse, NSURLRequest) -> NSURLRequest?)?
-        var taskDidReceiveChallenge: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?))?
-        var taskNeedNewBodyStream: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask) -> NSInputStream?)?
-        var taskDidCompleteWithError: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSError?) -> Void)?
+// MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
 
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
+extension Request: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
+    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, in the form of a cURL command.
+    open var debugDescription: String {
+        return cURLRepresentation()
+    }
 
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            willPerformHTTPRedirection response: NSHTTPURLResponse,
-            newRequest request: NSURLRequest,
-            completionHandler: ((NSURLRequest?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var redirectRequest: NSURLRequest? = request
+    func cURLRepresentation() -> String {
+        var components = ["$ curl -v"]
 
-            if let taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection {
-                redirectRequest = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection(session, task, response, request)
-            }
+        guard let request = self.request,
+              let url = request.url,
+              let host = url.host
+        else {
+            return "$ curl command could not be created"
+        }
 
-            completionHandler(redirectRequest)
+        if let httpMethod = request.httpMethod, httpMethod != "GET" {
+            components.append("-X \(httpMethod)")
         }
 
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didReceiveChallenge challenge: NSURLAuthenticationChallenge,
-            completionHandler: ((NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition = .PerformDefaultHandling
-            var credential: NSURLCredential?
-
-            if let taskDidReceiveChallenge = taskDidReceiveChallenge {
-                (disposition, credential) = taskDidReceiveChallenge(session, task, challenge)
-            } else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
-                let host = challenge.protectionSpace.host
-
-                if let
-                    serverTrustPolicy = session.serverTrustPolicyManager?.serverTrustPolicyForHost(host),
-                    serverTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust
-                {
-                    if serverTrustPolicy.evaluateServerTrust(serverTrust, isValidForHost: host) {
-                        disposition = .UseCredential
-                        credential = NSURLCredential(forTrust: serverTrust)
-                    } else {
-                        disposition = .CancelAuthenticationChallenge
-                    }
+        if let credentialStorage = self.session.configuration.urlCredentialStorage {
+            let protectionSpace = URLProtectionSpace(
+                host: host,
+                port: url.port ?? 0,
+                protocol: url.scheme,
+                realm: host,
+                authenticationMethod: NSURLAuthenticationMethodHTTPBasic
+            )
+
+            if let credentials = credentialStorage.credentials(for: protectionSpace)?.values {
+                for credential in credentials {
+                    guard let user = credential.user, let password = credential.password else { continue }
+                    components.append("-u \(user):\(password)")
                 }
             } else {
-                if challenge.previousFailureCount > 0 {
-                    disposition = .CancelAuthenticationChallenge
-                } else {
-                    credential = self.credential ?? session.configuration.URLCredentialStorage?.defaultCredentialForProtectionSpace(challenge.protectionSpace)
-
-                    if credential != nil {
-                        disposition = .UseCredential
-                    }
+                if let credential = delegate.credential, let user = credential.user, let password = credential.password {
+                    components.append("-u \(user):\(password)")
                 }
             }
+        }
 
-            completionHandler(disposition, credential)
+        if session.configuration.httpShouldSetCookies {
+            if
+                let cookieStorage = session.configuration.httpCookieStorage,
+                let cookies = cookieStorage.cookies(for: url), !cookies.isEmpty
+            {
+                let string = cookies.reduce("") { $0 + "\($1.name)=\($1.value);" }
+
+            #if swift(>=3.2)
+                components.append("-b \"\(string[..<string.index(before: string.endIndex)])\"")
+            #else
+                components.append("-b \"\(string.substring(to: string.characters.index(before: string.endIndex)))\"")
+            #endif
+            }
         }
 
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            needNewBodyStream completionHandler: ((NSInputStream?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var bodyStream: NSInputStream?
+        var headers: [AnyHashable: Any] = [:]
 
-            if let taskNeedNewBodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream {
-                bodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream(session, task)
+        if let additionalHeaders = session.configuration.httpAdditionalHeaders {
+            for (field, value) in additionalHeaders where field != AnyHashable("Cookie") {
+                headers[field] = value
             }
+        }
 
-            completionHandler(bodyStream)
+        if let headerFields = request.allHTTPHeaderFields {
+            for (field, value) in headerFields where field != "Cookie" {
+                headers[field] = value
+            }
         }
 
-        func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, task: NSURLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: NSError?) {
-            if let taskDidCompleteWithError = taskDidCompleteWithError {
-                taskDidCompleteWithError(session, task, error)
-            } else {
-                if let error = error {
-                    self.error = error
-
-                    if let
-                        downloadDelegate = self as? DownloadTaskDelegate,
-                        userInfo = error.userInfo as? [String: AnyObject],
-                        resumeData = userInfo[NSURLSessionDownloadTaskResumeData] as? NSData
-                    {
-                        downloadDelegate.resumeData = resumeData
-                    }
-                }
+        for (field, value) in headers {
+            components.append("-H \"\(field): \(value)\"")
+        }
 
-                queue.suspended = false
-            }
+        if let httpBodyData = request.httpBody, let httpBody = String(data: httpBodyData, encoding: .utf8) {
+            var escapedBody = httpBody.replacingOccurrences(of: "\\\"", with: "\\\\\"")
+            escapedBody = escapedBody.replacingOccurrences(of: "\"", with: "\\\"")
+
+            components.append("-d \"\(escapedBody)\"")
         }
+
+        components.append("\"\(url.absoluteString)\"")
+
+        return components.joined(separator: " \\\n\t")
     }
+}
 
-    // MARK: - DataTaskDelegate
+// MARK: -
 
-    class DataTaskDelegate: TaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate {
-        var dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask? { return task as? NSURLSessionDataTask }
+/// Specific type of `Request` that manages an underlying `URLSessionDataTask`.
+open class DataRequest: Request {
 
-        private var totalBytesReceived: Int64 = 0
-        private var mutableData: NSMutableData
-        override var data: NSData? {
-            if dataStream != nil {
-                return nil
-            } else {
-                return mutableData
-            }
-        }
+    // MARK: Helper Types
 
-        private var expectedContentLength: Int64?
-        private var dataProgress: ((bytesReceived: Int64, totalBytesReceived: Int64, totalBytesExpectedToReceive: Int64) -> Void)?
-        private var dataStream: ((data: NSData) -> Void)?
+    struct Requestable: TaskConvertible {
+        let urlRequest: URLRequest
 
-        override init(task: NSURLSessionTask) {
-            mutableData = NSMutableData()
-            super.init(task: task)
+        func task(session: URLSession, adapter: RequestAdapter?, queue: DispatchQueue) throws -> URLSessionTask {
+            do {
+                let urlRequest = try self.urlRequest.adapt(using: adapter)
+                return queue.sync { session.dataTask(with: urlRequest) }
+            } catch {
+                throw AdaptError(error: error)
+            }
         }
+    }
 
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDataDelegate
+    // MARK: Properties
 
-        // MARK: Override Closures
+    /// The request sent or to be sent to the server.
+    open override var request: URLRequest? {
+        if let request = super.request { return request }
+        if let requestable = originalTask as? Requestable { return requestable.urlRequest }
 
-        var dataTaskDidReceiveResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLResponse) -> NSURLSessionResponseDisposition)?
-        var dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLSessionDownloadTask) -> Void)?
-        var dataTaskDidReceiveData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSData) -> Void)?
-        var dataTaskWillCacheResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSCachedURLResponse) -> NSCachedURLResponse?)?
+        return nil
+    }
 
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
+    /// The progress of fetching the response data from the server for the request.
+    open var progress: Progress { return dataDelegate.progress }
+
+    var dataDelegate: DataTaskDelegate { return delegate as! DataTaskDelegate }
+
+    // MARK: Stream
+
+    /// Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the request as data is read from the server.
+    ///
+    /// This closure returns the bytes most recently received from the server, not including data from previous calls.
+    /// If this closure is set, data will only be available within this closure, and will not be saved elsewhere. It is
+    /// also important to note that the server data in any `Response` object will be `nil`.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically during the lifecycle of the request.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func stream(closure: ((Data) -> Void)? = nil) -> Self {
+        dataDelegate.dataStream = closure
+        return self
+    }
 
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: (NSURLSessionResponseDisposition -> Void))
-        {
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionResponseDisposition = .Allow
+    // MARK: Progress
+
+    /// Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the `Request` as data is read from the server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter queue:   The dispatch queue to execute the closure on.
+    /// - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically as data is read from the server.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func downloadProgress(queue: DispatchQueue = DispatchQueue.main, closure: @escaping ProgressHandler) -> Self {
+        dataDelegate.progressHandler = (closure, queue)
+        return self
+    }
+}
 
-            expectedContentLength = response.expectedContentLength
+// MARK: -
 
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveResponse = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse {
-                disposition = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse(session, dataTask, response)
-            }
+/// Specific type of `Request` that manages an underlying `URLSessionDownloadTask`.
+open class DownloadRequest: Request {
 
-            completionHandler(disposition)
-        }
+    // MARK: Helper Types
 
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didBecomeDownloadTask downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask)
-        {
-            dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask?(session, dataTask, downloadTask)
-        }
+    /// A collection of options to be executed prior to moving a downloaded file from the temporary URL to the
+    /// destination URL.
+    public struct DownloadOptions: OptionSet {
+        /// Returns the raw bitmask value of the option and satisfies the `RawRepresentable` protocol.
+        public let rawValue: UInt
 
-        func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask, didReceiveData data: NSData) {
-            if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
+        /// A `DownloadOptions` flag that creates intermediate directories for the destination URL if specified.
+        public static let createIntermediateDirectories = DownloadOptions(rawValue: 1 << 0)
 
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveData = dataTaskDidReceiveData {
-                dataTaskDidReceiveData(session, dataTask, data)
-            } else {
-                if let dataStream = dataStream {
-                    dataStream(data: data)
-                } else {
-                    mutableData.appendData(data)
-                }
+        /// A `DownloadOptions` flag that removes a previous file from the destination URL if specified.
+        public static let removePreviousFile = DownloadOptions(rawValue: 1 << 1)
 
-                totalBytesReceived += data.length
-                let totalBytesExpected = dataTask.response?.expectedContentLength ?? NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown
+        /// Creates a `DownloadFileDestinationOptions` instance with the specified raw value.
+        ///
+        /// - parameter rawValue: The raw bitmask value for the option.
+        ///
+        /// - returns: A new log level instance.
+        public init(rawValue: UInt) {
+            self.rawValue = rawValue
+        }
+    }
 
-                progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpected
-                progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesReceived
+    /// A closure executed once a download request has successfully completed in order to determine where to move the
+    /// temporary file written to during the download process. The closure takes two arguments: the temporary file URL
+    /// and the URL response, and returns a two arguments: the file URL where the temporary file should be moved and
+    /// the options defining how the file should be moved.
+    public typealias DownloadFileDestination = (
+        _ temporaryURL: URL,
+        _ response: HTTPURLResponse)
+        -> (destinationURL: URL, options: DownloadOptions)
+
+    enum Downloadable: TaskConvertible {
+        case request(URLRequest)
+        case resumeData(Data)
+
+        func task(session: URLSession, adapter: RequestAdapter?, queue: DispatchQueue) throws -> URLSessionTask {
+            do {
+                let task: URLSessionTask
+
+                switch self {
+                case let .request(urlRequest):
+                    let urlRequest = try urlRequest.adapt(using: adapter)
+                    task = queue.sync { session.downloadTask(with: urlRequest) }
+                case let .resumeData(resumeData):
+                    task = queue.sync { session.downloadTask(withResumeData: resumeData) }
+                }
 
-                dataProgress?(
-                    bytesReceived: Int64(data.length),
-                    totalBytesReceived: totalBytesReceived,
-                    totalBytesExpectedToReceive: totalBytesExpected
-                )
+                return task
+            } catch {
+                throw AdaptError(error: error)
             }
         }
+    }
 
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            willCacheResponse proposedResponse: NSCachedURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: ((NSCachedURLResponse?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var cachedResponse: NSCachedURLResponse? = proposedResponse
+    // MARK: Properties
 
-            if let dataTaskWillCacheResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse {
-                cachedResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse(session, dataTask, proposedResponse)
-            }
+    /// The request sent or to be sent to the server.
+    open override var request: URLRequest? {
+        if let request = super.request { return request }
 
-            completionHandler(cachedResponse)
+        if let downloadable = originalTask as? Downloadable, case let .request(urlRequest) = downloadable {
+            return urlRequest
         }
+
+        return nil
     }
-}
 
-// MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
+    /// The resume data of the underlying download task if available after a failure.
+    open var resumeData: Data? { return downloadDelegate.resumeData }
 
-extension Request: CustomStringConvertible {
+    /// The progress of downloading the response data from the server for the request.
+    open var progress: Progress { return downloadDelegate.progress }
 
-    /**
-        The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the HTTP method and URL, as 
-        well as the response status code if a response has been received.
-    */
-    public var description: String {
-        var components: [String] = []
+    var downloadDelegate: DownloadTaskDelegate { return delegate as! DownloadTaskDelegate }
 
-        if let HTTPMethod = request?.HTTPMethod {
-            components.append(HTTPMethod)
-        }
+    // MARK: State
 
-        if let URLString = request?.URL?.absoluteString {
-            components.append(URLString)
-        }
+    /// Cancels the request.
+    open override func cancel() {
+        downloadDelegate.downloadTask.cancel { self.downloadDelegate.resumeData = $0 }
 
-        if let response = response {
-            components.append("(\(response.statusCode))")
-        }
+        NotificationCenter.default.post(
+            name: Notification.Name.Task.DidCancel,
+            object: self,
+            userInfo: [Notification.Key.Task: task as Any]
+        )
+    }
 
-        return components.joinWithSeparator(" ")
+    // MARK: Progress
+
+    /// Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the `Request` as data is read from the server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter queue:   The dispatch queue to execute the closure on.
+    /// - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically as data is read from the server.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func downloadProgress(queue: DispatchQueue = DispatchQueue.main, closure: @escaping ProgressHandler) -> Self {
+        downloadDelegate.progressHandler = (closure, queue)
+        return self
     }
-}
 
-// MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
+    // MARK: Destination
+
+    /// Creates a download file destination closure which uses the default file manager to move the temporary file to a
+    /// file URL in the first available directory with the specified search path directory and search path domain mask.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter directory: The search path directory. `.DocumentDirectory` by default.
+    /// - parameter domain:    The search path domain mask. `.UserDomainMask` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A download file destination closure.
+    open class func suggestedDownloadDestination(
+        for directory: FileManager.SearchPathDirectory = .documentDirectory,
+        in domain: FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask = .userDomainMask)
+        -> DownloadFileDestination
+    {
+        return { temporaryURL, response in
+            let directoryURLs = FileManager.default.urls(for: directory, in: domain)
 
-extension Request: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
-    func cURLRepresentation() -> String {
-        var components = ["$ curl -i"]
+            if !directoryURLs.isEmpty {
+                return (directoryURLs[0].appendingPathComponent(response.suggestedFilename!), [])
+            }
 
-        guard let
-            request = self.request,
-            URL = request.URL,
-            host = URL.host
-        else {
-            return "$ curl command could not be created"
+            return (temporaryURL, [])
         }
+    }
+}
 
-        if let HTTPMethod = request.HTTPMethod where HTTPMethod != "GET" {
-            components.append("-X \(HTTPMethod)")
-        }
+// MARK: -
 
-        if let credentialStorage = self.session.configuration.URLCredentialStorage {
-            let protectionSpace = NSURLProtectionSpace(
-                host: host,
-                port: URL.port?.integerValue ?? 0,
-                protocol: URL.scheme,
-                realm: host,
-                authenticationMethod: NSURLAuthenticationMethodHTTPBasic
-            )
+/// Specific type of `Request` that manages an underlying `URLSessionUploadTask`.
+open class UploadRequest: DataRequest {
 
-            if let credentials = credentialStorage.credentialsForProtectionSpace(protectionSpace)?.values {
-                for credential in credentials {
-                    components.append("-u \(credential.user!):\(credential.password!)")
-                }
-            } else {
-                if let credential = delegate.credential {
-                    components.append("-u \(credential.user!):\(credential.password!)")
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    // MARK: Helper Types
 
-        if session.configuration.HTTPShouldSetCookies {
-            if let
-                cookieStorage = session.configuration.HTTPCookieStorage,
-                cookies = cookieStorage.cookiesForURL(URL) where !cookies.isEmpty
-            {
-                let string = cookies.reduce("") { $0 + "\($1.name)=\($1.value ?? String());" }
-                components.append("-b \"\(string.substringToIndex(string.endIndex.predecessor()))\"")
-            }
-        }
+    enum Uploadable: TaskConvertible {
+        case data(Data, URLRequest)
+        case file(URL, URLRequest)
+        case stream(InputStream, URLRequest)
 
-        if let headerFields = request.allHTTPHeaderFields {
-            for (field, value) in headerFields {
-                switch field {
-                case "Cookie":
-                    continue
-                default:
-                    components.append("-H \"\(field): \(value)\"")
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        func task(session: URLSession, adapter: RequestAdapter?, queue: DispatchQueue) throws -> URLSessionTask {
+            do {
+                let task: URLSessionTask
 
-        if let additionalHeaders = session.configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders {
-            for (field, value) in additionalHeaders {
-                switch field {
-                case "Cookie":
-                    continue
-                default:
-                    components.append("-H \"\(field): \(value)\"")
+                switch self {
+                case let .data(data, urlRequest):
+                    let urlRequest = try urlRequest.adapt(using: adapter)
+                    task = queue.sync { session.uploadTask(with: urlRequest, from: data) }
+                case let .file(url, urlRequest):
+                    let urlRequest = try urlRequest.adapt(using: adapter)
+                    task = queue.sync { session.uploadTask(with: urlRequest, fromFile: url) }
+                case let .stream(_, urlRequest):
+                    let urlRequest = try urlRequest.adapt(using: adapter)
+                    task = queue.sync { session.uploadTask(withStreamedRequest: urlRequest) }
                 }
+
+                return task
+            } catch {
+                throw AdaptError(error: error)
             }
         }
+    }
 
-        if let
-            HTTPBodyData = request.HTTPBody,
-            HTTPBody = String(data: HTTPBodyData, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
-        {
-            let escapedBody = HTTPBody.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString("\"", withString: "\\\"")
-            components.append("-d \"\(escapedBody)\"")
-        }
+    // MARK: Properties
 
-        components.append("\"\(URL.absoluteString)\"")
+    /// The request sent or to be sent to the server.
+    open override var request: URLRequest? {
+        if let request = super.request { return request }
 
-        return components.joinWithSeparator(" \\\n\t")
+        guard let uploadable = originalTask as? Uploadable else { return nil }
+
+        switch uploadable {
+        case .data(_, let urlRequest), .file(_, let urlRequest), .stream(_, let urlRequest):
+            return urlRequest
+        }
     }
 
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, in the form of a cURL command.
-    public var debugDescription: String {
-        return cURLRepresentation()
+    /// The progress of uploading the payload to the server for the upload request.
+    open var uploadProgress: Progress { return uploadDelegate.uploadProgress }
+
+    var uploadDelegate: UploadTaskDelegate { return delegate as! UploadTaskDelegate }
+
+    // MARK: Upload Progress
+
+    /// Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the `UploadRequest` as data is sent to
+    /// the server.
+    ///
+    /// After the data is sent to the server, the `progress(queue:closure:)` APIs can be used to monitor the progress
+    /// of data being read from the server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter queue:   The dispatch queue to execute the closure on.
+    /// - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically as data is sent to the server.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func uploadProgress(queue: DispatchQueue = DispatchQueue.main, closure: @escaping ProgressHandler) -> Self {
+        uploadDelegate.uploadProgressHandler = (closure, queue)
+        return self
     }
 }
+
+// MARK: -
+
+#if !os(watchOS)
+
+/// Specific type of `Request` that manages an underlying `URLSessionStreamTask`.
+@available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+open class StreamRequest: Request {
+    enum Streamable: TaskConvertible {
+        case stream(hostName: String, port: Int)
+        case netService(NetService)
+
+        func task(session: URLSession, adapter: RequestAdapter?, queue: DispatchQueue) throws -> URLSessionTask {
+            let task: URLSessionTask
+
+            switch self {
+            case let .stream(hostName, port):
+                task = queue.sync { session.streamTask(withHostName: hostName, port: port) }
+            case let .netService(netService):
+                task = queue.sync { session.streamTask(with: netService) }
+            }
+
+            return task
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Response.swift

-// Response.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  Response.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
-/// Used to store all response data returned from a completed `Request`.
-public struct Response<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
+/// Used to store all data associated with an non-serialized response of a data or upload request.
+public struct DefaultDataResponse {
     /// The URL request sent to the server.
-    public let request: NSURLRequest?
+    public let request: URLRequest?
 
     /// The server's response to the URL request.
-    public let response: NSHTTPURLResponse?
+    public let response: HTTPURLResponse?
 
     /// The data returned by the server.
-    public let data: NSData?
+    public let data: Data?
+
+    /// The error encountered while executing or validating the request.
+    public let error: Error?
+
+    /// The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the request.
+    public let timeline: Timeline
+
+    var _metrics: AnyObject?
+
+    /// Creates a `DefaultDataResponse` instance from the specified parameters.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameters:
+    ///   - request:  The URL request sent to the server.
+    ///   - response: The server's response to the URL request.
+    ///   - data:     The data returned by the server.
+    ///   - error:    The error encountered while executing or validating the request.
+    ///   - timeline: The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the request. `Timeline()` by default.
+    ///   - metrics:  The task metrics containing the request / response statistics. `nil` by default.
+    public init(
+        request: URLRequest?,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse?,
+        data: Data?,
+        error: Error?,
+        timeline: Timeline = Timeline(),
+        metrics: AnyObject? = nil)
+    {
+        self.request = request
+        self.response = response
+        self.data = data
+        self.error = error
+        self.timeline = timeline
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+/// Used to store all data associated with a serialized response of a data or upload request.
+public struct DataResponse<Value> {
+    /// The URL request sent to the server.
+    public let request: URLRequest?
+
+    /// The server's response to the URL request.
+    public let response: HTTPURLResponse?
+
+    /// The data returned by the server.
+    public let data: Data?
 
     /// The result of response serialization.
-    public let result: Result<Value, Error>
+    public let result: Result<Value>
 
-    /// The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the `Request`.
+    /// The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the request.
     public let timeline: Timeline
 
-    /**
-        Initializes the `Response` instance with the specified URL request, URL response, server data and response
-        serialization result.
-    
-        - parameter request:  The URL request sent to the server.
-        - parameter response: The server's response to the URL request.
-        - parameter data:     The data returned by the server.
-        - parameter result:   The result of response serialization.
-        - parameter timeline: The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the `Request`. Defaults to `Timeline()`.
-
-        - returns: the new `Response` instance.
-    */
+    /// Returns the associated value of the result if it is a success, `nil` otherwise.
+    public var value: Value? { return result.value }
+
+    /// Returns the associated error value if the result if it is a failure, `nil` otherwise.
+    public var error: Error? { return result.error }
+
+    var _metrics: AnyObject?
+
+    /// Creates a `DataResponse` instance with the specified parameters derived from response serialization.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter request:  The URL request sent to the server.
+    /// - parameter response: The server's response to the URL request.
+    /// - parameter data:     The data returned by the server.
+    /// - parameter result:   The result of response serialization.
+    /// - parameter timeline: The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the `Request`. Defaults to `Timeline()`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `DataResponse` instance.
     public init(
-        request: NSURLRequest?,
-        response: NSHTTPURLResponse?,
-        data: NSData?,
-        result: Result<Value, Error>,
+        request: URLRequest?,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse?,
+        data: Data?,
+        result: Result<Value>,
         timeline: Timeline = Timeline())
     {
         self.request = request
@@ -66,30 +119,449 @@ public struct Response<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
     }
 }
 
-// MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
+// MARK: -
 
-extension Response: CustomStringConvertible {
+extension DataResponse: CustomStringConvertible, CustomDebugStringConvertible {
     /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes whether the result was a
     /// success or failure.
     public var description: String {
         return result.debugDescription
     }
+
+    /// The debug textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the URL request, the URL
+    /// response, the server data, the response serialization result and the timeline.
+    public var debugDescription: String {
+        var output: [String] = []
+
+        output.append(request != nil ? "[Request]: \(request!.httpMethod ?? "GET") \(request!)" : "[Request]: nil")
+        output.append(response != nil ? "[Response]: \(response!)" : "[Response]: nil")
+        output.append("[Data]: \(data?.count ?? 0) bytes")
+        output.append("[Result]: \(result.debugDescription)")
+        output.append("[Timeline]: \(timeline.debugDescription)")
+
+        return output.joined(separator: "\n")
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+extension DataResponse {
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the result of this `DataResponse` is a success, passing the unwrapped
+    /// result value as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `map` method with a closure that does not throw. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DataResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let possibleInt = possibleData.map { $0.count }
+    ///
+    /// - parameter transform: A closure that takes the success value of the instance's result.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A `DataResponse` whose result wraps the value returned by the given closure. If this instance's
+    ///            result is a failure, returns a response wrapping the same failure.
+    public func map<T>(_ transform: (Value) -> T) -> DataResponse<T> {
+        var response = DataResponse<T>(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            data: data,
+            result: result.map(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the given closure when the result of this `DataResponse` is a success, passing the unwrapped result
+    /// value as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `flatMap` method with a closure that may throw an error. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DataResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let possibleObject = possibleData.flatMap {
+    ///         try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: $0)
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// - parameter transform: A closure that takes the success value of the instance's result.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A success or failure `DataResponse` depending on the result of the given closure. If this instance's
+    ///            result is a failure, returns the same failure.
+    public func flatMap<T>(_ transform: (Value) throws -> T) -> DataResponse<T> {
+        var response = DataResponse<T>(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            data: data,
+            result: result.flatMap(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `DataResponse` is a failure, passing the unwrapped error as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `mapError` function with a closure that does not throw. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DataResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let withMyError = possibleData.mapError { MyError.error($0) }
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter transform: A closure that takes the error of the instance.
+    /// - Returns: A `DataResponse` instance containing the result of the transform.
+    public func mapError<E: Error>(_ transform: (Error) -> E) -> DataResponse {
+        var response = DataResponse(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            data: data,
+            result: result.mapError(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `DataResponse` is a failure, passing the unwrapped error as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `flatMapError` function with a closure that may throw an error. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DataResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let possibleObject = possibleData.flatMapError {
+    ///         try someFailableFunction(taking: $0)
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter transform: A throwing closure that takes the error of the instance.
+    ///
+    /// - Returns: A `DataResponse` instance containing the result of the transform.
+    public func flatMapError<E: Error>(_ transform: (Error) throws -> E) -> DataResponse {
+        var response = DataResponse(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            data: data,
+            result: result.flatMapError(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+/// Used to store all data associated with an non-serialized response of a download request.
+public struct DefaultDownloadResponse {
+    /// The URL request sent to the server.
+    public let request: URLRequest?
+
+    /// The server's response to the URL request.
+    public let response: HTTPURLResponse?
+
+    /// The temporary destination URL of the data returned from the server.
+    public let temporaryURL: URL?
+
+    /// The final destination URL of the data returned from the server if it was moved.
+    public let destinationURL: URL?
+
+    /// The resume data generated if the request was cancelled.
+    public let resumeData: Data?
+
+    /// The error encountered while executing or validating the request.
+    public let error: Error?
+
+    /// The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the request.
+    public let timeline: Timeline
+
+    var _metrics: AnyObject?
+
+    /// Creates a `DefaultDownloadResponse` instance from the specified parameters.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameters:
+    ///   - request:        The URL request sent to the server.
+    ///   - response:       The server's response to the URL request.
+    ///   - temporaryURL:   The temporary destination URL of the data returned from the server.
+    ///   - destinationURL: The final destination URL of the data returned from the server if it was moved.
+    ///   - resumeData:     The resume data generated if the request was cancelled.
+    ///   - error:          The error encountered while executing or validating the request.
+    ///   - timeline:       The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the request. `Timeline()` by default.
+    ///   - metrics:        The task metrics containing the request / response statistics. `nil` by default.
+    public init(
+        request: URLRequest?,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse?,
+        temporaryURL: URL?,
+        destinationURL: URL?,
+        resumeData: Data?,
+        error: Error?,
+        timeline: Timeline = Timeline(),
+        metrics: AnyObject? = nil)
+    {
+        self.request = request
+        self.response = response
+        self.temporaryURL = temporaryURL
+        self.destinationURL = destinationURL
+        self.resumeData = resumeData
+        self.error = error
+        self.timeline = timeline
+    }
 }
 
-// MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
+// MARK: -
+
+/// Used to store all data associated with a serialized response of a download request.
+public struct DownloadResponse<Value> {
+    /// The URL request sent to the server.
+    public let request: URLRequest?
+
+    /// The server's response to the URL request.
+    public let response: HTTPURLResponse?
+
+    /// The temporary destination URL of the data returned from the server.
+    public let temporaryURL: URL?
+
+    /// The final destination URL of the data returned from the server if it was moved.
+    public let destinationURL: URL?
+
+    /// The resume data generated if the request was cancelled.
+    public let resumeData: Data?
+
+    /// The result of response serialization.
+    public let result: Result<Value>
+
+    /// The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the request.
+    public let timeline: Timeline
+
+    /// Returns the associated value of the result if it is a success, `nil` otherwise.
+    public var value: Value? { return result.value }
+
+    /// Returns the associated error value if the result if it is a failure, `nil` otherwise.
+    public var error: Error? { return result.error }
+
+    var _metrics: AnyObject?
+
+    /// Creates a `DownloadResponse` instance with the specified parameters derived from response serialization.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter request:        The URL request sent to the server.
+    /// - parameter response:       The server's response to the URL request.
+    /// - parameter temporaryURL:   The temporary destination URL of the data returned from the server.
+    /// - parameter destinationURL: The final destination URL of the data returned from the server if it was moved.
+    /// - parameter resumeData:     The resume data generated if the request was cancelled.
+    /// - parameter result:         The result of response serialization.
+    /// - parameter timeline:       The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the `Request`. Defaults to `Timeline()`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `DownloadResponse` instance.
+    public init(
+        request: URLRequest?,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse?,
+        temporaryURL: URL?,
+        destinationURL: URL?,
+        resumeData: Data?,
+        result: Result<Value>,
+        timeline: Timeline = Timeline())
+    {
+        self.request = request
+        self.response = response
+        self.temporaryURL = temporaryURL
+        self.destinationURL = destinationURL
+        self.resumeData = resumeData
+        self.result = result
+        self.timeline = timeline
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+extension DownloadResponse: CustomStringConvertible, CustomDebugStringConvertible {
+    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes whether the result was a
+    /// success or failure.
+    public var description: String {
+        return result.debugDescription
+    }
 
-extension Response: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
     /// The debug textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the URL request, the URL
-    /// response, the server data and the response serialization result.
+    /// response, the temporary and destination URLs, the resume data, the response serialization result and the
+    /// timeline.
     public var debugDescription: String {
         var output: [String] = []
 
-        output.append(request != nil ? "[Request]: \(request!)" : "[Request]: nil")
+        output.append(request != nil ? "[Request]: \(request!.httpMethod ?? "GET") \(request!)" : "[Request]: nil")
         output.append(response != nil ? "[Response]: \(response!)" : "[Response]: nil")
-        output.append("[Data]: \(data?.length ?? 0) bytes")
+        output.append("[TemporaryURL]: \(temporaryURL?.path ?? "nil")")
+        output.append("[DestinationURL]: \(destinationURL?.path ?? "nil")")
+        output.append("[ResumeData]: \(resumeData?.count ?? 0) bytes")
         output.append("[Result]: \(result.debugDescription)")
         output.append("[Timeline]: \(timeline.debugDescription)")
 
-        return output.joinWithSeparator("\n")
+        return output.joined(separator: "\n")
     }
 }
+
+// MARK: -
+
+extension DownloadResponse {
+    /// Evaluates the given closure when the result of this `DownloadResponse` is a success, passing the unwrapped
+    /// result value as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `map` method with a closure that does not throw. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DownloadResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let possibleInt = possibleData.map { $0.count }
+    ///
+    /// - parameter transform: A closure that takes the success value of the instance's result.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A `DownloadResponse` whose result wraps the value returned by the given closure. If this instance's
+    ///            result is a failure, returns a response wrapping the same failure.
+    public func map<T>(_ transform: (Value) -> T) -> DownloadResponse<T> {
+        var response = DownloadResponse<T>(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            temporaryURL: temporaryURL,
+            destinationURL: destinationURL,
+            resumeData: resumeData,
+            result: result.map(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the given closure when the result of this `DownloadResponse` is a success, passing the unwrapped
+    /// result value as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `flatMap` method with a closure that may throw an error. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DownloadResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let possibleObject = possibleData.flatMap {
+    ///         try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: $0)
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// - parameter transform: A closure that takes the success value of the instance's result.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A success or failure `DownloadResponse` depending on the result of the given closure. If this
+    /// instance's result is a failure, returns the same failure.
+    public func flatMap<T>(_ transform: (Value) throws -> T) -> DownloadResponse<T> {
+        var response = DownloadResponse<T>(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            temporaryURL: temporaryURL,
+            destinationURL: destinationURL,
+            resumeData: resumeData,
+            result: result.flatMap(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `DownloadResponse` is a failure, passing the unwrapped error as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `mapError` function with a closure that does not throw. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DownloadResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let withMyError = possibleData.mapError { MyError.error($0) }
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter transform: A closure that takes the error of the instance.
+    /// - Returns: A `DownloadResponse` instance containing the result of the transform.
+    public func mapError<E: Error>(_ transform: (Error) -> E) -> DownloadResponse {
+        var response = DownloadResponse(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            temporaryURL: temporaryURL,
+            destinationURL: destinationURL,
+            resumeData: resumeData,
+            result: result.mapError(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `DownloadResponse` is a failure, passing the unwrapped error as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `flatMapError` function with a closure that may throw an error. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: DownloadResponse<Data> = ...
+    ///     let possibleObject = possibleData.flatMapError {
+    ///         try someFailableFunction(taking: $0)
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter transform: A throwing closure that takes the error of the instance.
+    ///
+    /// - Returns: A `DownloadResponse` instance containing the result of the transform.
+    public func flatMapError<E: Error>(_ transform: (Error) throws -> E) -> DownloadResponse {
+        var response = DownloadResponse(
+            request: request,
+            response: self.response,
+            temporaryURL: temporaryURL,
+            destinationURL: destinationURL,
+            resumeData: resumeData,
+            result: result.flatMapError(transform),
+            timeline: timeline
+        )
+
+        response._metrics = _metrics
+
+        return response
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+protocol Response {
+    /// The task metrics containing the request / response statistics.
+    var _metrics: AnyObject? { get set }
+    mutating func add(_ metrics: AnyObject?)
+}
+
+extension Response {
+    mutating func add(_ metrics: AnyObject?) {
+        #if !os(watchOS)
+            guard #available(iOS 10.0, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10.0, *) else { return }
+            guard let metrics = metrics as? URLSessionTaskMetrics else { return }
+
+            _metrics = metrics
+        #endif
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+@available(iOS 10.0, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10.0, *)
+extension DefaultDataResponse: Response {
+#if !os(watchOS)
+    /// The task metrics containing the request / response statistics.
+    public var metrics: URLSessionTaskMetrics? { return _metrics as? URLSessionTaskMetrics }
+#endif
+}
+
+@available(iOS 10.0, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10.0, *)
+extension DataResponse: Response {
+#if !os(watchOS)
+    /// The task metrics containing the request / response statistics.
+    public var metrics: URLSessionTaskMetrics? { return _metrics as? URLSessionTaskMetrics }
+#endif
+}
+
+@available(iOS 10.0, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10.0, *)
+extension DefaultDownloadResponse: Response {
+#if !os(watchOS)
+    /// The task metrics containing the request / response statistics.
+    public var metrics: URLSessionTaskMetrics? { return _metrics as? URLSessionTaskMetrics }
+#endif
+}
+
+@available(iOS 10.0, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10.0, *)
+extension DownloadResponse: Response {
+#if !os(watchOS)
+    /// The task metrics containing the request / response statistics.
+    public var metrics: URLSessionTaskMetrics? { return _metrics as? URLSessionTaskMetrics }
+#endif
+}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/ResponseSerialization.swift

-// ResponseSerialization.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  ResponseSerialization.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
-// MARK: ResponseSerializer
-
-/**
-    The type in which all response serializers must conform to in order to serialize a response.
-*/
-public protocol ResponseSerializerType {
-    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `ResponseSerializerType`.
+/// The type in which all data response serializers must conform to in order to serialize a response.
+public protocol DataResponseSerializerProtocol {
+    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `DataResponseSerializerType`.
     associatedtype SerializedObject
 
-    /// The type of error to be created by this `ResponseSerializer` if serialization fails.
-    associatedtype ErrorObject: ErrorType
-
-    /**
-        A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, data and error and returns a result.
-    */
-    var serializeResponse: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Result<SerializedObject, ErrorObject> { get }
+    /// A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, data and error and returns a result.
+    var serializeResponse: (URLRequest?, HTTPURLResponse?, Data?, Error?) -> Result<SerializedObject> { get }
 }
 
 // MARK: -
 
-/**
-    A generic `ResponseSerializerType` used to serialize a request, response, and data into a serialized object.
-*/
-public struct ResponseSerializer<Value, Error: ErrorType>: ResponseSerializerType {
-    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `ResponseSerializer`.
+/// A generic `DataResponseSerializerType` used to serialize a request, response, and data into a serialized object.
+public struct DataResponseSerializer<Value>: DataResponseSerializerProtocol {
+    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `DataResponseSerializer`.
     public typealias SerializedObject = Value
 
-    /// The type of error to be created by this `ResponseSerializer` if serialization fails.
-    public typealias ErrorObject = Error
+    /// A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, data and error and returns a result.
+    public var serializeResponse: (URLRequest?, HTTPURLResponse?, Data?, Error?) -> Result<Value>
+
+    /// Initializes the `ResponseSerializer` instance with the given serialize response closure.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter serializeResponse: The closure used to serialize the response.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new generic response serializer instance.
+    public init(serializeResponse: @escaping (URLRequest?, HTTPURLResponse?, Data?, Error?) -> Result<Value>) {
+        self.serializeResponse = serializeResponse
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+/// The type in which all download response serializers must conform to in order to serialize a response.
+public protocol DownloadResponseSerializerProtocol {
+    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `DownloadResponseSerializerType`.
+    associatedtype SerializedObject
 
-    /**
-        A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, data and error and returns a result.
-    */
-    public var serializeResponse: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Result<Value, Error>
+    /// A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, url and error and returns a result.
+    var serializeResponse: (URLRequest?, HTTPURLResponse?, URL?, Error?) -> Result<SerializedObject> { get }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
 
-    /**
-        Initializes the `ResponseSerializer` instance with the given serialize response closure.
+/// A generic `DownloadResponseSerializerType` used to serialize a request, response, and data into a serialized object.
+public struct DownloadResponseSerializer<Value>: DownloadResponseSerializerProtocol {
+    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `DownloadResponseSerializer`.
+    public typealias SerializedObject = Value
 
-        - parameter serializeResponse: The closure used to serialize the response.
+    /// A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, url and error and returns a result.
+    public var serializeResponse: (URLRequest?, HTTPURLResponse?, URL?, Error?) -> Result<Value>
 
-        - returns: The new generic response serializer instance.
-    */
-    public init(serializeResponse: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Result<Value, Error>) {
+    /// Initializes the `ResponseSerializer` instance with the given serialize response closure.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter serializeResponse: The closure used to serialize the response.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new generic response serializer instance.
+    public init(serializeResponse: @escaping (URLRequest?, HTTPURLResponse?, URL?, Error?) -> Result<Value>) {
         self.serializeResponse = serializeResponse
     }
 }
 
-// MARK: - Default
+// MARK: - Timeline
 
 extension Request {
+    var timeline: Timeline {
+        let requestStartTime = self.startTime ?? CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
+        let requestCompletedTime = self.endTime ?? CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
+        let initialResponseTime = self.delegate.initialResponseTime ?? requestCompletedTime
+
+        return Timeline(
+            requestStartTime: requestStartTime,
+            initialResponseTime: initialResponseTime,
+            requestCompletedTime: requestCompletedTime,
+            serializationCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
+        )
+    }
+}
 
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+// MARK: - Default
 
-        - parameter queue:             The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
-        - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
+extension DataRequest {
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter queue:             The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func response(queue: DispatchQueue? = nil, completionHandler: @escaping (DefaultDataResponse) -> Void) -> Self {
+        delegate.queue.addOperation {
+            (queue ?? DispatchQueue.main).async {
+                var dataResponse = DefaultDataResponse(
+                    request: self.request,
+                    response: self.response,
+                    data: self.delegate.data,
+                    error: self.delegate.error,
+                    timeline: self.timeline
+                )
 
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func response(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        completionHandler: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Void)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock {
-            dispatch_async(queue ?? dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                completionHandler(self.request, self.response, self.delegate.data, self.delegate.error)
+                dataResponse.add(self.delegate.metrics)
+
+                completionHandler(dataResponse)
             }
         }
 
         return self
     }
 
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter queue:              The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
-        - parameter responseSerializer: The response serializer responsible for serializing the request, response, 
-                                        and data.
-        - parameter completionHandler:  The code to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func response<T: ResponseSerializerType>(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter queue:              The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
+    /// - parameter responseSerializer: The response serializer responsible for serializing the request, response,
+    ///                                 and data.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler:  The code to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func response<T: DataResponseSerializerProtocol>(
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
         responseSerializer: T,
-        completionHandler: Response<T.SerializedObject, T.ErrorObject> -> Void)
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DataResponse<T.SerializedObject>) -> Void)
         -> Self
     {
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock {
+        delegate.queue.addOperation {
             let result = responseSerializer.serializeResponse(
                 self.request,
                 self.response,
@@ -119,25 +154,93 @@ extension Request {
                 self.delegate.error
             )
 
-            let requestCompletedTime = self.endTime ?? CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
-            let initialResponseTime = self.delegate.initialResponseTime ?? requestCompletedTime
+            var dataResponse = DataResponse<T.SerializedObject>(
+                request: self.request,
+                response: self.response,
+                data: self.delegate.data,
+                result: result,
+                timeline: self.timeline
+            )
+
+            dataResponse.add(self.delegate.metrics)
+
+            (queue ?? DispatchQueue.main).async { completionHandler(dataResponse) }
+        }
+
+        return self
+    }
+}
+
+extension DownloadRequest {
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter queue:             The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func response(
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DefaultDownloadResponse) -> Void)
+        -> Self
+    {
+        delegate.queue.addOperation {
+            (queue ?? DispatchQueue.main).async {
+                var downloadResponse = DefaultDownloadResponse(
+                    request: self.request,
+                    response: self.response,
+                    temporaryURL: self.downloadDelegate.temporaryURL,
+                    destinationURL: self.downloadDelegate.destinationURL,
+                    resumeData: self.downloadDelegate.resumeData,
+                    error: self.downloadDelegate.error,
+                    timeline: self.timeline
+                )
+
+                downloadResponse.add(self.delegate.metrics)
+
+                completionHandler(downloadResponse)
+            }
+        }
+
+        return self
+    }
 
-            let timeline = Timeline(
-                requestStartTime: self.startTime ?? CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent(),
-                initialResponseTime: initialResponseTime,
-                requestCompletedTime: requestCompletedTime,
-                serializationCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter queue:              The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
+    /// - parameter responseSerializer: The response serializer responsible for serializing the request, response,
+    ///                                 and data contained in the destination url.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler:  The code to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func response<T: DownloadResponseSerializerProtocol>(
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        responseSerializer: T,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DownloadResponse<T.SerializedObject>) -> Void)
+        -> Self
+    {
+        delegate.queue.addOperation {
+            let result = responseSerializer.serializeResponse(
+                self.request,
+                self.response,
+                self.downloadDelegate.fileURL,
+                self.downloadDelegate.error
             )
 
-            let response = Response<T.SerializedObject, T.ErrorObject>(
+            var downloadResponse = DownloadResponse<T.SerializedObject>(
                 request: self.request,
                 response: self.response,
-                data: self.delegate.data,
+                temporaryURL: self.downloadDelegate.temporaryURL,
+                destinationURL: self.downloadDelegate.destinationURL,
+                resumeData: self.downloadDelegate.resumeData,
                 result: result,
-                timeline: timeline
+                timeline: self.timeline
             )
 
-            dispatch_async(queue ?? dispatch_get_main_queue()) { completionHandler(response) }
+            downloadResponse.add(self.delegate.metrics)
+
+            (queue ?? DispatchQueue.main).async { completionHandler(downloadResponse) }
         }
 
         return self
@@ -147,111 +250,220 @@ extension Request {
 // MARK: - Data
 
 extension Request {
+    /// Returns a result data type that contains the response data as-is.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter response: The response from the server.
+    /// - parameter data:     The data returned from the server.
+    /// - parameter error:    The error already encountered if it exists.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The result data type.
+    public static func serializeResponseData(response: HTTPURLResponse?, data: Data?, error: Error?) -> Result<Data> {
+        guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
+
+        if let response = response, emptyDataStatusCodes.contains(response.statusCode) { return .success(Data()) }
+
+        guard let validData = data else {
+            return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputDataNil))
+        }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns the associated data as-is.
+        return .success(validData)
+    }
+}
 
-        - returns: A data response serializer.
-    */
-    public static func dataResponseSerializer() -> ResponseSerializer<NSData, NSError> {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
+extension DataRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns the associated data as-is.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A data response serializer.
+    public static func dataResponseSerializer() -> DataResponseSerializer<Data> {
+        return DataResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
+            return Request.serializeResponseData(response: response, data: data, error: error)
+        }
+    }
 
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success(NSData()) }
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func responseData(
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DataResponse<Data>) -> Void)
+        -> Self
+    {
+        return response(
+            queue: queue,
+            responseSerializer: DataRequest.dataResponseSerializer(),
+            completionHandler: completionHandler
+        )
+    }
+}
 
-            guard let validData = data else {
-                let failureReason = "Data could not be serialized. Input data was nil."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.DataSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
+extension DownloadRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns the associated data as-is.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A data response serializer.
+    public static func dataResponseSerializer() -> DownloadResponseSerializer<Data> {
+        return DownloadResponseSerializer { _, response, fileURL, error in
+            guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
+
+            guard let fileURL = fileURL else {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileNil))
             }
 
-            return .Success(validData)
+            do {
+                let data = try Data(contentsOf: fileURL)
+                return Request.serializeResponseData(response: response, data: data, error: error)
+            } catch {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileReadFailed(at: fileURL)))
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
     public func responseData(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        completionHandler: Response<NSData, NSError> -> Void)
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DownloadResponse<Data>) -> Void)
         -> Self
     {
-        return response(queue: queue, responseSerializer: Request.dataResponseSerializer(), completionHandler: completionHandler)
+        return response(
+            queue: queue,
+            responseSerializer: DownloadRequest.dataResponseSerializer(),
+            completionHandler: completionHandler
+        )
     }
 }
 
 // MARK: - String
 
 extension Request {
+    /// Returns a result string type initialized from the response data with the specified string encoding.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter encoding: The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the server
+    ///                       response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set, ISO-8859-1.
+    /// - parameter response: The response from the server.
+    /// - parameter data:     The data returned from the server.
+    /// - parameter error:    The error already encountered if it exists.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The result data type.
+    public static func serializeResponseString(
+        encoding: String.Encoding?,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse?,
+        data: Data?,
+        error: Error?)
+        -> Result<String>
+    {
+        guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns a string initialized from the response data with the specified 
-        string encoding.
+        if let response = response, emptyDataStatusCodes.contains(response.statusCode) { return .success("") }
 
-        - parameter encoding: The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the server 
-                              response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set, ISO-8859-1.
+        guard let validData = data else {
+            return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputDataNil))
+        }
 
-        - returns: A string response serializer.
-    */
-    public static func stringResponseSerializer(
-        encoding encoding: NSStringEncoding? = nil)
-        -> ResponseSerializer<String, NSError>
-    {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
+        var convertedEncoding = encoding
 
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success("") }
+        if let encodingName = response?.textEncodingName as CFString!, convertedEncoding == nil {
+            convertedEncoding = String.Encoding(rawValue: CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(
+                CFStringConvertIANACharSetNameToEncoding(encodingName))
+            )
+        }
 
-            guard let validData = data else {
-                let failureReason = "String could not be serialized. Input data was nil."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.StringSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-            
-            var convertedEncoding = encoding
-            
-            if let encodingName = response?.textEncodingName where convertedEncoding == nil {
-                convertedEncoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(
-                    CFStringConvertIANACharSetNameToEncoding(encodingName)
-                )
-            }
+        let actualEncoding = convertedEncoding ?? String.Encoding.isoLatin1
 
-            let actualEncoding = convertedEncoding ?? NSISOLatin1StringEncoding
+        if let string = String(data: validData, encoding: actualEncoding) {
+            return .success(string)
+        } else {
+            return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .stringSerializationFailed(encoding: actualEncoding)))
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-            if let string = String(data: validData, encoding: actualEncoding) {
-                return .Success(string)
-            } else {
-                let failureReason = "String could not be serialized with encoding: \(actualEncoding)"
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.StringSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
+extension DataRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns a result string type initialized from the response data with
+    /// the specified string encoding.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter encoding: The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the server
+    ///                       response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set, ISO-8859-1.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A string response serializer.
+    public static func stringResponseSerializer(encoding: String.Encoding? = nil) -> DataResponseSerializer<String> {
+        return DataResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
+            return Request.serializeResponseString(encoding: encoding, response: response, data: data, error: error)
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter encoding:          The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the
+    ///                                server response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set,
+    ///                                ISO-8859-1.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func responseString(
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        encoding: String.Encoding? = nil,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DataResponse<String>) -> Void)
+        -> Self
+    {
+        return response(
+            queue: queue,
+            responseSerializer: DataRequest.stringResponseSerializer(encoding: encoding),
+            completionHandler: completionHandler
+        )
+    }
+}
 
-        - parameter encoding:          The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the 
-                                       server response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set, 
-                                       ISO-8859-1.
-        - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
+extension DownloadRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns a result string type initialized from the response data with
+    /// the specified string encoding.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter encoding: The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the server
+    ///                       response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set, ISO-8859-1.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A string response serializer.
+    public static func stringResponseSerializer(encoding: String.Encoding? = nil) -> DownloadResponseSerializer<String> {
+        return DownloadResponseSerializer { _, response, fileURL, error in
+            guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
+
+            guard let fileURL = fileURL else {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileNil))
+            }
 
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
+            do {
+                let data = try Data(contentsOf: fileURL)
+                return Request.serializeResponseString(encoding: encoding, response: response, data: data, error: error)
+            } catch {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileReadFailed(at: fileURL)))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter encoding:          The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the
+    ///                                server response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set,
+    ///                                ISO-8859-1.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
     public func responseString(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        encoding: NSStringEncoding? = nil,
-        completionHandler: Response<String, NSError> -> Void)
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        encoding: String.Encoding? = nil,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DownloadResponse<String>) -> Void)
         -> Self
     {
         return response(
             queue: queue,
-            responseSerializer: Request.stringResponseSerializer(encoding: encoding),
+            responseSerializer: DownloadRequest.stringResponseSerializer(encoding: encoding),
             completionHandler: completionHandler
         )
     }
@@ -260,56 +472,119 @@ extension Request {
 // MARK: - JSON
 
 extension Request {
+    /// Returns a JSON object contained in a result type constructed from the response data using `JSONSerialization`
+    /// with the specified reading options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options:  The JSON serialization reading options. Defaults to `.allowFragments`.
+    /// - parameter response: The response from the server.
+    /// - parameter data:     The data returned from the server.
+    /// - parameter error:    The error already encountered if it exists.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The result data type.
+    public static func serializeResponseJSON(
+        options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse?,
+        data: Data?,
+        error: Error?)
+        -> Result<Any>
+    {
+        guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns a JSON object constructed from the response data using 
-        `NSJSONSerialization` with the specified reading options.
+        if let response = response, emptyDataStatusCodes.contains(response.statusCode) { return .success(NSNull()) }
+
+        guard let validData = data, validData.count > 0 else {
+            return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputDataNilOrZeroLength))
+        }
+
+        do {
+            let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: validData, options: options)
+            return .success(json)
+        } catch {
+            return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .jsonSerializationFailed(error: error)))
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-        - parameter options: The JSON serialization reading options. `.AllowFragments` by default.
+extension DataRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns a JSON object result type constructed from the response data using
+    /// `JSONSerialization` with the specified reading options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options: The JSON serialization reading options. Defaults to `.allowFragments`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A JSON object response serializer.
+    public static func jsonResponseSerializer(
+        options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions = .allowFragments)
+        -> DataResponseSerializer<Any>
+    {
+        return DataResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
+            return Request.serializeResponseJSON(options: options, response: response, data: data, error: error)
+        }
+    }
 
-        - returns: A JSON object response serializer.
-    */
-    public static func JSONResponseSerializer(
-        options options: NSJSONReadingOptions = .AllowFragments)
-        -> ResponseSerializer<AnyObject, NSError>
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options:           The JSON serialization reading options. Defaults to `.allowFragments`.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func responseJSON(
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions = .allowFragments,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DataResponse<Any>) -> Void)
+        -> Self
     {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
+        return response(
+            queue: queue,
+            responseSerializer: DataRequest.jsonResponseSerializer(options: options),
+            completionHandler: completionHandler
+        )
+    }
+}
 
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success(NSNull()) }
+extension DownloadRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns a JSON object result type constructed from the response data using
+    /// `JSONSerialization` with the specified reading options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options: The JSON serialization reading options. Defaults to `.allowFragments`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A JSON object response serializer.
+    public static func jsonResponseSerializer(
+        options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions = .allowFragments)
+        -> DownloadResponseSerializer<Any>
+    {
+        return DownloadResponseSerializer { _, response, fileURL, error in
+            guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
 
-            guard let validData = data where validData.length > 0 else {
-                let failureReason = "JSON could not be serialized. Input data was nil or zero length."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.JSONSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
+            guard let fileURL = fileURL else {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileNil))
             }
 
             do {
-                let JSON = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(validData, options: options)
-                return .Success(JSON)
+                let data = try Data(contentsOf: fileURL)
+                return Request.serializeResponseJSON(options: options, response: response, data: data, error: error)
             } catch {
-                return .Failure(error as NSError)
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileReadFailed(at: fileURL)))
             }
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter options:           The JSON serialization reading options. `.AllowFragments` by default.
-        - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options:           The JSON serialization reading options. Defaults to `.allowFragments`.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
     public func responseJSON(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        options: NSJSONReadingOptions = .AllowFragments,
-        completionHandler: Response<AnyObject, NSError> -> Void)
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions = .allowFragments,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DownloadResponse<Any>) -> Void)
         -> Self
     {
         return response(
             queue: queue,
-            responseSerializer: Request.JSONResponseSerializer(options: options),
+            responseSerializer: DownloadRequest.jsonResponseSerializer(options: options),
             completionHandler: completionHandler
         )
     }
@@ -318,59 +593,123 @@ extension Request {
 // MARK: - Property List
 
 extension Request {
+    /// Returns a plist object contained in a result type constructed from the response data using
+    /// `PropertyListSerialization` with the specified reading options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options:  The property list reading options. Defaults to `[]`.
+    /// - parameter response: The response from the server.
+    /// - parameter data:     The data returned from the server.
+    /// - parameter error:    The error already encountered if it exists.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The result data type.
+    public static func serializeResponsePropertyList(
+        options: PropertyListSerialization.ReadOptions,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse?,
+        data: Data?,
+        error: Error?)
+        -> Result<Any>
+    {
+        guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
 
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns an object constructed from the response data using 
-        `NSPropertyListSerialization` with the specified reading options.
+        if let response = response, emptyDataStatusCodes.contains(response.statusCode) { return .success(NSNull()) }
 
-        - parameter options: The property list reading options. `NSPropertyListReadOptions()` by default.
+        guard let validData = data, validData.count > 0 else {
+            return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputDataNilOrZeroLength))
+        }
 
-        - returns: A property list object response serializer.
-    */
+        do {
+            let plist = try PropertyListSerialization.propertyList(from: validData, options: options, format: nil)
+            return .success(plist)
+        } catch {
+            return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .propertyListSerializationFailed(error: error)))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension DataRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns an object constructed from the response data using
+    /// `PropertyListSerialization` with the specified reading options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options: The property list reading options. Defaults to `[]`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A property list object response serializer.
     public static func propertyListResponseSerializer(
-        options options: NSPropertyListReadOptions = NSPropertyListReadOptions())
-        -> ResponseSerializer<AnyObject, NSError>
+        options: PropertyListSerialization.ReadOptions = [])
+        -> DataResponseSerializer<Any>
     {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
+        return DataResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
+            return Request.serializeResponsePropertyList(options: options, response: response, data: data, error: error)
+        }
+    }
 
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success(NSNull()) }
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options:           The property list reading options. Defaults to `[]`.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func responsePropertyList(
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        options: PropertyListSerialization.ReadOptions = [],
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DataResponse<Any>) -> Void)
+        -> Self
+    {
+        return response(
+            queue: queue,
+            responseSerializer: DataRequest.propertyListResponseSerializer(options: options),
+            completionHandler: completionHandler
+        )
+    }
+}
 
-            guard let validData = data where validData.length > 0 else {
-                let failureReason = "Property list could not be serialized. Input data was nil or zero length."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.PropertyListSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
+extension DownloadRequest {
+    /// Creates a response serializer that returns an object constructed from the response data using
+    /// `PropertyListSerialization` with the specified reading options.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options: The property list reading options. Defaults to `[]`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A property list object response serializer.
+    public static func propertyListResponseSerializer(
+        options: PropertyListSerialization.ReadOptions = [])
+        -> DownloadResponseSerializer<Any>
+    {
+        return DownloadResponseSerializer { _, response, fileURL, error in
+            guard error == nil else { return .failure(error!) }
+
+            guard let fileURL = fileURL else {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileNil))
             }
 
             do {
-                let plist = try NSPropertyListSerialization.propertyListWithData(validData, options: options, format: nil)
-                return .Success(plist)
+                let data = try Data(contentsOf: fileURL)
+                return Request.serializeResponsePropertyList(options: options, response: response, data: data, error: error)
             } catch {
-                return .Failure(error as NSError)
+                return .failure(AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputFileReadFailed(at: fileURL)))
             }
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter options:           The property list reading options. `0` by default.
-        - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished. The closure takes 3
-                                       arguments: the URL request, the URL response, the server data and the result 
-                                       produced while creating the property list.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
+    /// Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter options:           The property list reading options. Defaults to `[]`.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
     public func responsePropertyList(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        options: NSPropertyListReadOptions = NSPropertyListReadOptions(),
-        completionHandler: Response<AnyObject, NSError> -> Void)
+        queue: DispatchQueue? = nil,
+        options: PropertyListSerialization.ReadOptions = [],
+        completionHandler: @escaping (DownloadResponse<Any>) -> Void)
         -> Self
     {
         return response(
             queue: queue,
-            responseSerializer: Request.propertyListResponseSerializer(options: options),
+            responseSerializer: DownloadRequest.propertyListResponseSerializer(options: options),
             completionHandler: completionHandler
         )
     }
 }
+
+/// A set of HTTP response status code that do not contain response data.
+private let emptyDataStatusCodes: Set<Int> = [204, 205]

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Result.swift

-// Result.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  Result.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
-/**
-    Used to represent whether a request was successful or encountered an error.
-
-    - Success: The request and all post processing operations were successful resulting in the serialization of the 
-               provided associated value.
-    - Failure: The request encountered an error resulting in a failure. The associated values are the original data 
-               provided by the server as well as the error that caused the failure.
-*/
-public enum Result<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
-    case Success(Value)
-    case Failure(Error)
+/// Used to represent whether a request was successful or encountered an error.
+///
+/// - success: The request and all post processing operations were successful resulting in the serialization of the
+///            provided associated value.
+///
+/// - failure: The request encountered an error resulting in a failure. The associated values are the original data
+///            provided by the server as well as the error that caused the failure.
+public enum Result<Value> {
+    case success(Value)
+    case failure(Error)
 
     /// Returns `true` if the result is a success, `false` otherwise.
     public var isSuccess: Bool {
         switch self {
-        case .Success:
+        case .success:
             return true
-        case .Failure:
+        case .failure:
             return false
         }
     }
@@ -52,9 +53,9 @@ public enum Result<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
     /// Returns the associated value if the result is a success, `nil` otherwise.
     public var value: Value? {
         switch self {
-        case .Success(let value):
+        case .success(let value):
             return value
-        case .Failure:
+        case .failure:
             return nil
         }
     }
@@ -62,9 +63,9 @@ public enum Result<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
     /// Returns the associated error value if the result is a failure, `nil` otherwise.
     public var error: Error? {
         switch self {
-        case .Success:
+        case .success:
             return nil
-        case .Failure(let error):
+        case .failure(let error):
             return error
         }
     }
@@ -73,13 +74,13 @@ public enum Result<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
 // MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
 
 extension Result: CustomStringConvertible {
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes whether the result was a 
+    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes whether the result was a
     /// success or failure.
     public var description: String {
         switch self {
-        case .Success:
+        case .success:
             return "SUCCESS"
-        case .Failure:
+        case .failure:
             return "FAILURE"
         }
     }
@@ -92,10 +93,208 @@ extension Result: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
     /// success or failure in addition to the value or error.
     public var debugDescription: String {
         switch self {
-        case .Success(let value):
+        case .success(let value):
             return "SUCCESS: \(value)"
-        case .Failure(let error):
+        case .failure(let error):
             return "FAILURE: \(error)"
         }
     }
 }
+
+// MARK: - Functional APIs
+
+extension Result {
+    /// Creates a `Result` instance from the result of a closure.
+    ///
+    /// A failure result is created when the closure throws, and a success result is created when the closure
+    /// succeeds without throwing an error.
+    ///
+    ///     func someString() throws -> String { ... }
+    ///
+    ///     let result = Result(value: {
+    ///         return try someString()
+    ///     })
+    ///
+    ///     // The type of result is Result<String>
+    ///
+    /// The trailing closure syntax is also supported:
+    ///
+    ///     let result = Result { try someString() }
+    ///
+    /// - parameter value: The closure to execute and create the result for.
+    public init(value: () throws -> Value) {
+        do {
+            self = try .success(value())
+        } catch {
+            self = .failure(error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the success value, or throws the failure error.
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleString: Result<String> = .success("success")
+    ///     try print(possibleString.unwrap())
+    ///     // Prints "success"
+    ///
+    ///     let noString: Result<String> = .failure(error)
+    ///     try print(noString.unwrap())
+    ///     // Throws error
+    public func unwrap() throws -> Value {
+        switch self {
+        case .success(let value):
+            return value
+        case .failure(let error):
+            throw error
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a success, passing the unwrapped value as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `map` method with a closure that does not throw. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: Result<Data> = .success(Data())
+    ///     let possibleInt = possibleData.map { $0.count }
+    ///     try print(possibleInt.unwrap())
+    ///     // Prints "0"
+    ///
+    ///     let noData: Result<Data> = .failure(error)
+    ///     let noInt = noData.map { $0.count }
+    ///     try print(noInt.unwrap())
+    ///     // Throws error
+    ///
+    /// - parameter transform: A closure that takes the success value of the `Result` instance.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A `Result` containing the result of the given closure. If this instance is a failure, returns the
+    ///            same failure.
+    public func map<T>(_ transform: (Value) -> T) -> Result<T> {
+        switch self {
+        case .success(let value):
+            return .success(transform(value))
+        case .failure(let error):
+            return .failure(error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a success, passing the unwrapped value as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `flatMap` method with a closure that may throw an error. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: Result<Data> = .success(Data(...))
+    ///     let possibleObject = possibleData.flatMap {
+    ///         try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: $0)
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// - parameter transform: A closure that takes the success value of the instance.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: A `Result` containing the result of the given closure. If this instance is a failure, returns the
+    ///            same failure.
+    public func flatMap<T>(_ transform: (Value) throws -> T) -> Result<T> {
+        switch self {
+        case .success(let value):
+            do {
+                return try .success(transform(value))
+            } catch {
+                return .failure(error)
+            }
+        case .failure(let error):
+            return .failure(error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a failure, passing the unwrapped error as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `mapError` function with a closure that does not throw. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: Result<Data> = .failure(someError)
+    ///     let withMyError: Result<Data> = possibleData.mapError { MyError.error($0) }
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter transform: A closure that takes the error of the instance.
+    /// - Returns: A `Result` instance containing the result of the transform. If this instance is a success, returns
+    ///            the same instance.
+    public func mapError<T: Error>(_ transform: (Error) -> T) -> Result {
+        switch self {
+        case .failure(let error):
+            return .failure(transform(error))
+        case .success:
+            return self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a failure, passing the unwrapped error as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `flatMapError` function with a closure that may throw an error. For example:
+    ///
+    ///     let possibleData: Result<Data> = .success(Data(...))
+    ///     let possibleObject = possibleData.flatMapError {
+    ///         try someFailableFunction(taking: $0)
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter transform: A throwing closure that takes the error of the instance.
+    ///
+    /// - Returns: A `Result` instance containing the result of the transform. If this instance is a success, returns
+    ///            the same instance.
+    public func flatMapError<T: Error>(_ transform: (Error) throws -> T) -> Result {
+        switch self {
+        case .failure(let error):
+            do {
+                return try .failure(transform(error))
+            } catch {
+                return .failure(error)
+            }
+        case .success:
+            return self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a success, passing the unwrapped value as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `withValue` function to evaluate the passed closure without modifying the `Result` instance.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter closure: A closure that takes the success value of this instance.
+    /// - Returns: This `Result` instance, unmodified.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func withValue(_ closure: (Value) -> Void) -> Result {
+        if case let .success(value) = self { closure(value) }
+
+        return self
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a failure, passing the unwrapped error as a parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `withError` function to evaluate the passed closure without modifying the `Result` instance.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter closure: A closure that takes the success value of this instance.
+    /// - Returns: This `Result` instance, unmodified.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func withError(_ closure: (Error) -> Void) -> Result {
+        if case let .failure(error) = self { closure(error) }
+
+        return self
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a success.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `ifSuccess` function to evaluate the passed closure without modifying the `Result` instance.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter closure: A `Void` closure.
+    /// - Returns: This `Result` instance, unmodified.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func ifSuccess(_ closure: () -> Void) -> Result {
+        if isSuccess { closure() }
+
+        return self
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluates the specified closure when the `Result` is a failure.
+    ///
+    /// Use the `ifFailure` function to evaluate the passed closure without modifying the `Result` instance.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter closure: A `Void` closure.
+    /// - Returns: This `Result` instance, unmodified.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func ifFailure(_ closure: () -> Void) -> Result {
+        if isFailure { closure() }
+
+        return self
+    }
+}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/ServerTrustPolicy.swift

-// ServerTrustPolicy.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  ServerTrustPolicy.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
 /// Responsible for managing the mapping of `ServerTrustPolicy` objects to a given host.
-public class ServerTrustPolicyManager {
+open class ServerTrustPolicyManager {
     /// The dictionary of policies mapped to a particular host.
-    public let policies: [String: ServerTrustPolicy]
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `ServerTrustPolicyManager` instance with the given policies.
-
-        Since different servers and web services can have different leaf certificates, intermediate and even root 
-        certficates, it is important to have the flexibility to specify evaluation policies on a per host basis. This 
-        allows for scenarios such as using default evaluation for host1, certificate pinning for host2, public key 
-        pinning for host3 and disabling evaluation for host4.
-
-        - parameter policies: A dictionary of all policies mapped to a particular host.
-
-        - returns: The new `ServerTrustPolicyManager` instance.
-    */
+    open let policies: [String: ServerTrustPolicy]
+
+    /// Initializes the `ServerTrustPolicyManager` instance with the given policies.
+    ///
+    /// Since different servers and web services can have different leaf certificates, intermediate and even root
+    /// certficates, it is important to have the flexibility to specify evaluation policies on a per host basis. This
+    /// allows for scenarios such as using default evaluation for host1, certificate pinning for host2, public key
+    /// pinning for host3 and disabling evaluation for host4.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter policies: A dictionary of all policies mapped to a particular host.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `ServerTrustPolicyManager` instance.
     public init(policies: [String: ServerTrustPolicy]) {
         self.policies = policies
     }
 
-    /**
-        Returns the `ServerTrustPolicy` for the given host if applicable.
-
-        By default, this method will return the policy that perfectly matches the given host. Subclasses could override
-        this method and implement more complex mapping implementations such as wildcards.
-
-        - parameter host: The host to use when searching for a matching policy.
-
-        - returns: The server trust policy for the given host if found.
-    */
-    public func serverTrustPolicyForHost(host: String) -> ServerTrustPolicy? {
+    /// Returns the `ServerTrustPolicy` for the given host if applicable.
+    ///
+    /// By default, this method will return the policy that perfectly matches the given host. Subclasses could override
+    /// this method and implement more complex mapping implementations such as wildcards.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter host: The host to use when searching for a matching policy.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The server trust policy for the given host if found.
+    open func serverTrustPolicy(forHost host: String) -> ServerTrustPolicy? {
         return policies[host]
     }
 }
 
 // MARK: -
 
-extension NSURLSession {
+extension URLSession {
     private struct AssociatedKeys {
-        static var ManagerKey = "NSURLSession.ServerTrustPolicyManager"
+        static var managerKey = "URLSession.ServerTrustPolicyManager"
     }
 
     var serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? {
         get {
-            return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.ManagerKey) as? ServerTrustPolicyManager
+            return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.managerKey) as? ServerTrustPolicyManager
         }
         set (manager) {
-            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.ManagerKey, manager, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
+            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.managerKey, manager, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
         }
     }
 }
 
 // MARK: - ServerTrustPolicy
 
-/**
-    The `ServerTrustPolicy` evaluates the server trust generally provided by an `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge` when 
-    connecting to a server over a secure HTTPS connection. The policy configuration then evaluates the server trust 
-    with a given set of criteria to determine whether the server trust is valid and the connection should be made.
-
-    Using pinned certificates or public keys for evaluation helps prevent man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks and other 
-    vulnerabilities. Applications dealing with sensitive customer data or financial information are strongly encouraged 
-    to route all communication over an HTTPS connection with pinning enabled.
-
-    - PerformDefaultEvaluation: Uses the default server trust evaluation while allowing you to control whether to 
-                                validate the host provided by the challenge. Applications are encouraged to always 
-                                validate the host in production environments to guarantee the validity of the server's 
-                                certificate chain.
-
-    - PinCertificates:          Uses the pinned certificates to validate the server trust. The server trust is
-                                considered valid if one of the pinned certificates match one of the server certificates. 
-                                By validating both the certificate chain and host, certificate pinning provides a very 
-                                secure form of server trust validation mitigating most, if not all, MITM attacks. 
-                                Applications are encouraged to always validate the host and require a valid certificate 
-                                chain in production environments.
-
-    - PinPublicKeys:            Uses the pinned public keys to validate the server trust. The server trust is considered
-                                valid if one of the pinned public keys match one of the server certificate public keys. 
-                                By validating both the certificate chain and host, public key pinning provides a very 
-                                secure form of server trust validation mitigating most, if not all, MITM attacks. 
-                                Applications are encouraged to always validate the host and require a valid certificate 
-                                chain in production environments.
-
-    - DisableEvaluation:        Disables all evaluation which in turn will always consider any server trust as valid.
-
-    - CustomEvaluation:         Uses the associated closure to evaluate the validity of the server trust.
-*/
+/// The `ServerTrustPolicy` evaluates the server trust generally provided by an `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge` when
+/// connecting to a server over a secure HTTPS connection. The policy configuration then evaluates the server trust
+/// with a given set of criteria to determine whether the server trust is valid and the connection should be made.
+///
+/// Using pinned certificates or public keys for evaluation helps prevent man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks and other
+/// vulnerabilities. Applications dealing with sensitive customer data or financial information are strongly encouraged
+/// to route all communication over an HTTPS connection with pinning enabled.
+///
+/// - performDefaultEvaluation: Uses the default server trust evaluation while allowing you to control whether to
+///                             validate the host provided by the challenge. Applications are encouraged to always
+///                             validate the host in production environments to guarantee the validity of the server's
+///                             certificate chain.
+///
+/// - performRevokedEvaluation: Uses the default and revoked server trust evaluations allowing you to control whether to
+///                             validate the host provided by the challenge as well as specify the revocation flags for
+///                             testing for revoked certificates. Apple platforms did not start testing for revoked
+///                             certificates automatically until iOS 10.1, macOS 10.12 and tvOS 10.1 which is
+///                             demonstrated in our TLS tests. Applications are encouraged to always validate the host
+///                             in production environments to guarantee the validity of the server's certificate chain.
+///
+/// - pinCertificates:          Uses the pinned certificates to validate the server trust. The server trust is
+///                             considered valid if one of the pinned certificates match one of the server certificates.
+///                             By validating both the certificate chain and host, certificate pinning provides a very
+///                             secure form of server trust validation mitigating most, if not all, MITM attacks.
+///                             Applications are encouraged to always validate the host and require a valid certificate
+///                             chain in production environments.
+///
+/// - pinPublicKeys:            Uses the pinned public keys to validate the server trust. The server trust is considered
+///                             valid if one of the pinned public keys match one of the server certificate public keys.
+///                             By validating both the certificate chain and host, public key pinning provides a very
+///                             secure form of server trust validation mitigating most, if not all, MITM attacks.
+///                             Applications are encouraged to always validate the host and require a valid certificate
+///                             chain in production environments.
+///
+/// - disableEvaluation:        Disables all evaluation which in turn will always consider any server trust as valid.
+///
+/// - customEvaluation:         Uses the associated closure to evaluate the validity of the server trust.
 public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
-    case PerformDefaultEvaluation(validateHost: Bool)
-    case PinCertificates(certificates: [SecCertificate], validateCertificateChain: Bool, validateHost: Bool)
-    case PinPublicKeys(publicKeys: [SecKey], validateCertificateChain: Bool, validateHost: Bool)
-    case DisableEvaluation
-    case CustomEvaluation((serverTrust: SecTrust, host: String) -> Bool)
+    case performDefaultEvaluation(validateHost: Bool)
+    case performRevokedEvaluation(validateHost: Bool, revocationFlags: CFOptionFlags)
+    case pinCertificates(certificates: [SecCertificate], validateCertificateChain: Bool, validateHost: Bool)
+    case pinPublicKeys(publicKeys: [SecKey], validateCertificateChain: Bool, validateHost: Bool)
+    case disableEvaluation
+    case customEvaluation((_ serverTrust: SecTrust, _ host: String) -> Bool)
 
     // MARK: - Bundle Location
 
-    /**
-        Returns all certificates within the given bundle with a `.cer` file extension.
-
-        - parameter bundle: The bundle to search for all `.cer` files.
-
-        - returns: All certificates within the given bundle.
-    */
-    public static func certificatesInBundle(bundle: NSBundle = NSBundle.mainBundle()) -> [SecCertificate] {
+    /// Returns all certificates within the given bundle with a `.cer` file extension.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter bundle: The bundle to search for all `.cer` files.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: All certificates within the given bundle.
+    public static func certificates(in bundle: Bundle = Bundle.main) -> [SecCertificate] {
         var certificates: [SecCertificate] = []
 
         let paths = Set([".cer", ".CER", ".crt", ".CRT", ".der", ".DER"].map { fileExtension in
-            bundle.pathsForResourcesOfType(fileExtension, inDirectory: nil)
-        }.flatten())
+            bundle.paths(forResourcesOfType: fileExtension, inDirectory: nil)
+        }.joined())
 
         for path in paths {
-            if let
-                certificateData = NSData(contentsOfFile: path),
-                certificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(nil, certificateData)
+            if
+                let certificateData = try? Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: path)) as CFData,
+                let certificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(nil, certificateData)
             {
                 certificates.append(certificate)
             }
@@ -144,18 +146,16 @@ public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
         return certificates
     }
 
-    /**
-        Returns all public keys within the given bundle with a `.cer` file extension.
-
-        - parameter bundle: The bundle to search for all `*.cer` files.
-
-        - returns: All public keys within the given bundle.
-    */
-    public static func publicKeysInBundle(bundle: NSBundle = NSBundle.mainBundle()) -> [SecKey] {
+    /// Returns all public keys within the given bundle with a `.cer` file extension.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter bundle: The bundle to search for all `*.cer` files.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: All public keys within the given bundle.
+    public static func publicKeys(in bundle: Bundle = Bundle.main) -> [SecKey] {
         var publicKeys: [SecKey] = []
 
-        for certificate in certificatesInBundle(bundle) {
-            if let publicKey = publicKeyForCertificate(certificate) {
+        for certificate in certificates(in: bundle) {
+            if let publicKey = publicKey(for: certificate) {
                 publicKeys.append(publicKey)
             }
         }
@@ -165,57 +165,61 @@ public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
 
     // MARK: - Evaluation
 
-    /**
-        Evaluates whether the server trust is valid for the given host.
-
-        - parameter serverTrust: The server trust to evaluate.
-        - parameter host:        The host of the challenge protection space.
-
-        - returns: Whether the server trust is valid.
-    */
-    public func evaluateServerTrust(serverTrust: SecTrust, isValidForHost host: String) -> Bool {
+    /// Evaluates whether the server trust is valid for the given host.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter serverTrust: The server trust to evaluate.
+    /// - parameter host:        The host of the challenge protection space.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: Whether the server trust is valid.
+    public func evaluate(_ serverTrust: SecTrust, forHost host: String) -> Bool {
         var serverTrustIsValid = false
 
         switch self {
-        case let .PerformDefaultEvaluation(validateHost):
+        case let .performDefaultEvaluation(validateHost):
             let policy = SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, validateHost ? host as CFString : nil)
-            SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, [policy])
+            SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, policy)
+
+            serverTrustIsValid = trustIsValid(serverTrust)
+        case let .performRevokedEvaluation(validateHost, revocationFlags):
+            let defaultPolicy = SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, validateHost ? host as CFString : nil)
+            let revokedPolicy = SecPolicyCreateRevocation(revocationFlags)
+            SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, [defaultPolicy, revokedPolicy] as CFTypeRef)
 
             serverTrustIsValid = trustIsValid(serverTrust)
-        case let .PinCertificates(pinnedCertificates, validateCertificateChain, validateHost):
+        case let .pinCertificates(pinnedCertificates, validateCertificateChain, validateHost):
             if validateCertificateChain {
                 let policy = SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, validateHost ? host as CFString : nil)
-                SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, [policy])
+                SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, policy)
 
-                SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(serverTrust, pinnedCertificates)
+                SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(serverTrust, pinnedCertificates as CFArray)
                 SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(serverTrust, true)
 
                 serverTrustIsValid = trustIsValid(serverTrust)
             } else {
-                let serverCertificatesDataArray = certificateDataForTrust(serverTrust)
-                let pinnedCertificatesDataArray = certificateDataForCertificates(pinnedCertificates)
+                let serverCertificatesDataArray = certificateData(for: serverTrust)
+                let pinnedCertificatesDataArray = certificateData(for: pinnedCertificates)
 
                 outerLoop: for serverCertificateData in serverCertificatesDataArray {
                     for pinnedCertificateData in pinnedCertificatesDataArray {
-                        if serverCertificateData.isEqualToData(pinnedCertificateData) {
+                        if serverCertificateData == pinnedCertificateData {
                             serverTrustIsValid = true
                             break outerLoop
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
-        case let .PinPublicKeys(pinnedPublicKeys, validateCertificateChain, validateHost):
+        case let .pinPublicKeys(pinnedPublicKeys, validateCertificateChain, validateHost):
             var certificateChainEvaluationPassed = true
 
             if validateCertificateChain {
                 let policy = SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, validateHost ? host as CFString : nil)
-                SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, [policy])
+                SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, policy)
 
                 certificateChainEvaluationPassed = trustIsValid(serverTrust)
             }
 
             if certificateChainEvaluationPassed {
-                outerLoop: for serverPublicKey in ServerTrustPolicy.publicKeysForTrust(serverTrust) as [AnyObject] {
+                outerLoop: for serverPublicKey in ServerTrustPolicy.publicKeys(for: serverTrust) as [AnyObject] {
                     for pinnedPublicKey in pinnedPublicKeys as [AnyObject] {
                         if serverPublicKey.isEqual(pinnedPublicKey) {
                             serverTrustIsValid = true
@@ -224,10 +228,10 @@ public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        case .DisableEvaluation:
+        case .disableEvaluation:
             serverTrustIsValid = true
-        case let .CustomEvaluation(closure):
-            serverTrustIsValid = closure(serverTrust: serverTrust, host: host)
+        case let .customEvaluation(closure):
+            serverTrustIsValid = closure(serverTrust, host)
         }
 
         return serverTrustIsValid
@@ -235,15 +239,16 @@ public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
 
     // MARK: - Private - Trust Validation
 
-    private func trustIsValid(trust: SecTrust) -> Bool {
+    private func trustIsValid(_ trust: SecTrust) -> Bool {
         var isValid = false
 
-        var result = SecTrustResultType.Invalid
+        var result = SecTrustResultType.invalid
         let status = SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &result)
 
         if status == errSecSuccess {
-            let unspecified = SecTrustResultType.Unspecified
-            let proceed = SecTrustResultType.Proceed
+            let unspecified = SecTrustResultType.unspecified
+            let proceed = SecTrustResultType.proceed
+
 
             isValid = result == unspecified || result == proceed
         }
@@ -253,7 +258,7 @@ public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
 
     // MARK: - Private - Certificate Data
 
-    private func certificateDataForTrust(trust: SecTrust) -> [NSData] {
+    private func certificateData(for trust: SecTrust) -> [Data] {
         var certificates: [SecCertificate] = []
 
         for index in 0..<SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust) {
@@ -262,22 +267,22 @@ public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
             }
         }
 
-        return certificateDataForCertificates(certificates)
+        return certificateData(for: certificates)
     }
 
-    private func certificateDataForCertificates(certificates: [SecCertificate]) -> [NSData] {
-        return certificates.map { SecCertificateCopyData($0) as NSData }
+    private func certificateData(for certificates: [SecCertificate]) -> [Data] {
+        return certificates.map { SecCertificateCopyData($0) as Data }
     }
 
     // MARK: - Private - Public Key Extraction
 
-    private static func publicKeysForTrust(trust: SecTrust) -> [SecKey] {
+    private static func publicKeys(for trust: SecTrust) -> [SecKey] {
         var publicKeys: [SecKey] = []
 
         for index in 0..<SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust) {
-            if let
-                certificate = SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, index),
-                publicKey = publicKeyForCertificate(certificate)
+            if
+                let certificate = SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, index),
+                let publicKey = publicKey(for: certificate)
             {
                 publicKeys.append(publicKey)
             }
@@ -286,14 +291,14 @@ public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
         return publicKeys
     }
 
-    private static func publicKeyForCertificate(certificate: SecCertificate) -> SecKey? {
+    private static func publicKey(for certificate: SecCertificate) -> SecKey? {
         var publicKey: SecKey?
 
         let policy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509()
         var trust: SecTrust?
         let trustCreationStatus = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(certificate, policy, &trust)
 
-        if let trust = trust where trustCreationStatus == errSecSuccess {
+        if let trust = trust, trustCreationStatus == errSecSuccess {
             publicKey = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(trust)
         }
 

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/SessionDelegate.swift

+//
+//  SessionDelegate.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// Responsible for handling all delegate callbacks for the underlying session.
+open class SessionDelegate: NSObject {
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionDelegate Overrides
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDelegate method `urlSession(_:didBecomeInvalidWithError:)`.
+    open var sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError: ((URLSession, Error?) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDelegate method `urlSession(_:didReceive:completionHandler:)`.
+    open var sessionDidReceiveChallenge: ((URLSession, URLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?))?
+
+    /// Overrides all behavior for URLSessionDelegate method `urlSession(_:didReceive:completionHandler:)` and requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
+    open var sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion: ((URLSession, URLAuthenticationChallenge, @escaping (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?) -> Void) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDelegate method `urlSessionDidFinishEvents(forBackgroundURLSession:)`.
+    open var sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession: ((URLSession) -> Void)?
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionTaskDelegate Overrides
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:)`.
+    open var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, HTTPURLResponse, URLRequest) -> URLRequest?)?
+
+    /// Overrides all behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:)` and
+    /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
+    open var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, HTTPURLResponse, URLRequest, @escaping (URLRequest?) -> Void) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:didReceive:completionHandler:)`.
+    open var taskDidReceiveChallenge: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, URLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?))?
+
+    /// Overrides all behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:didReceive:completionHandler:)` and
+    /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
+    open var taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, URLAuthenticationChallenge, @escaping (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?) -> Void) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:needNewBodyStream:)`.
+    open var taskNeedNewBodyStream: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask) -> InputStream?)?
+
+    /// Overrides all behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:needNewBodyStream:)` and
+    /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
+    open var taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, @escaping (InputStream?) -> Void) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:didSendBodyData:totalBytesSent:totalBytesExpectedToSend:)`.
+    open var taskDidSendBodyData: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionTaskDelegate method `urlSession(_:task:didCompleteWithError:)`.
+    open var taskDidComplete: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, Error?) -> Void)?
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionDataDelegate Overrides
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDataDelegate method `urlSession(_:dataTask:didReceive:completionHandler:)`.
+    open var dataTaskDidReceiveResponse: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, URLResponse) -> URLSession.ResponseDisposition)?
+
+    /// Overrides all behavior for URLSessionDataDelegate method `urlSession(_:dataTask:didReceive:completionHandler:)` and
+    /// requires caller to call the `completionHandler`.
+    open var dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, URLResponse, @escaping (URLSession.ResponseDisposition) -> Void) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDataDelegate method `urlSession(_:dataTask:didBecome:)`.
+    open var dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, URLSessionDownloadTask) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDataDelegate method `urlSession(_:dataTask:didReceive:)`.
+    open var dataTaskDidReceiveData: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, Data) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDataDelegate method `urlSession(_:dataTask:willCacheResponse:completionHandler:)`.
+    open var dataTaskWillCacheResponse: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, CachedURLResponse) -> CachedURLResponse?)?
+
+    /// Overrides all behavior for URLSessionDataDelegate method `urlSession(_:dataTask:willCacheResponse:completionHandler:)` and
+    /// requires caller to call the `completionHandler`.
+    open var dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, CachedURLResponse, @escaping (CachedURLResponse?) -> Void) -> Void)?
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionDownloadDelegate Overrides
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDownloadDelegate method `urlSession(_:downloadTask:didFinishDownloadingTo:)`.
+    open var downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL: ((URLSession, URLSessionDownloadTask, URL) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDownloadDelegate method `urlSession(_:downloadTask:didWriteData:totalBytesWritten:totalBytesExpectedToWrite:)`.
+    open var downloadTaskDidWriteData: ((URLSession, URLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionDownloadDelegate method `urlSession(_:downloadTask:didResumeAtOffset:expectedTotalBytes:)`.
+    open var downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset: ((URLSession, URLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionStreamDelegate Overrides
+
+#if !os(watchOS)
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionStreamDelegate method `urlSession(_:readClosedFor:)`.
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    open var streamTaskReadClosed: ((URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
+        get {
+            return _streamTaskReadClosed as? (URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
+        }
+        set {
+            _streamTaskReadClosed = newValue
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionStreamDelegate method `urlSession(_:writeClosedFor:)`.
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    open var streamTaskWriteClosed: ((URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
+        get {
+            return _streamTaskWriteClosed as? (URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
+        }
+        set {
+            _streamTaskWriteClosed = newValue
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionStreamDelegate method `urlSession(_:betterRouteDiscoveredFor:)`.
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    open var streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered: ((URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
+        get {
+            return _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered as? (URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
+        }
+        set {
+            _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered = newValue
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Overrides default behavior for URLSessionStreamDelegate method `urlSession(_:streamTask:didBecome:outputStream:)`.
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    open var streamTaskDidBecomeInputAndOutputStreams: ((URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask, InputStream, OutputStream) -> Void)? {
+        get {
+            return _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream as? (URLSession, URLSessionStreamTask, InputStream, OutputStream) -> Void
+        }
+        set {
+            _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream = newValue
+        }
+    }
+
+    var _streamTaskReadClosed: Any?
+    var _streamTaskWriteClosed: Any?
+    var _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered: Any?
+    var _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream: Any?
+
+#endif
+
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    var retrier: RequestRetrier?
+    weak var sessionManager: SessionManager?
+
+    private var requests: [Int: Request] = [:]
+    private let lock = NSLock()
+
+    /// Access the task delegate for the specified task in a thread-safe manner.
+    open subscript(task: URLSessionTask) -> Request? {
+        get {
+            lock.lock() ; defer { lock.unlock() }
+            return requests[task.taskIdentifier]
+        }
+        set {
+            lock.lock() ; defer { lock.unlock() }
+            requests[task.taskIdentifier] = newValue
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Lifecycle
+
+    /// Initializes the `SessionDelegate` instance.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `SessionDelegate` instance.
+    public override init() {
+        super.init()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: NSObject Overrides
+
+    /// Returns a `Bool` indicating whether the `SessionDelegate` implements or inherits a method that can respond
+    /// to a specified message.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter selector: A selector that identifies a message.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: `true` if the receiver implements or inherits a method that can respond to selector, otherwise `false`.
+    open override func responds(to selector: Selector) -> Bool {
+        #if !os(macOS)
+            if selector == #selector(URLSessionDelegate.urlSessionDidFinishEvents(forBackgroundURLSession:)) {
+                return sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession != nil
+            }
+        #endif
+
+        #if !os(watchOS)
+            if #available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *) {
+                switch selector {
+                case #selector(URLSessionStreamDelegate.urlSession(_:readClosedFor:)):
+                    return streamTaskReadClosed != nil
+                case #selector(URLSessionStreamDelegate.urlSession(_:writeClosedFor:)):
+                    return streamTaskWriteClosed != nil
+                case #selector(URLSessionStreamDelegate.urlSession(_:betterRouteDiscoveredFor:)):
+                    return streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered != nil
+                case #selector(URLSessionStreamDelegate.urlSession(_:streamTask:didBecome:outputStream:)):
+                    return streamTaskDidBecomeInputAndOutputStreams != nil
+                default:
+                    break
+                }
+            }
+        #endif
+
+        switch selector {
+        case #selector(URLSessionDelegate.urlSession(_:didBecomeInvalidWithError:)):
+            return sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError != nil
+        case #selector(URLSessionDelegate.urlSession(_:didReceive:completionHandler:)):
+            return (sessionDidReceiveChallenge != nil  || sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion != nil)
+        case #selector(URLSessionTaskDelegate.urlSession(_:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:)):
+            return (taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection != nil || taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion != nil)
+        case #selector(URLSessionDataDelegate.urlSession(_:dataTask:didReceive:completionHandler:)):
+            return (dataTaskDidReceiveResponse != nil || dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion != nil)
+        default:
+            return type(of: self).instancesRespond(to: selector)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - URLSessionDelegate
+
+extension SessionDelegate: URLSessionDelegate {
+    /// Tells the delegate that the session has been invalidated.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session: The session object that was invalidated.
+    /// - parameter error:   The error that caused invalidation, or nil if the invalidation was explicit.
+    open func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, didBecomeInvalidWithError error: Error?) {
+        sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError?(session, error)
+    }
+
+    /// Requests credentials from the delegate in response to a session-level authentication request from the
+    /// remote server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:           The session containing the task that requested authentication.
+    /// - parameter challenge:         An object that contains the request for authentication.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A handler that your delegate method must call providing the disposition
+    ///                                and credential.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        didReceive challenge: URLAuthenticationChallenge,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?) -> Void)
+    {
+        guard sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion == nil else {
+            sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion?(session, challenge, completionHandler)
+            return
+        }
+
+        var disposition: URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition = .performDefaultHandling
+        var credential: URLCredential?
+
+        if let sessionDidReceiveChallenge = sessionDidReceiveChallenge {
+            (disposition, credential) = sessionDidReceiveChallenge(session, challenge)
+        } else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
+            let host = challenge.protectionSpace.host
+
+            if
+                let serverTrustPolicy = session.serverTrustPolicyManager?.serverTrustPolicy(forHost: host),
+                let serverTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust
+            {
+                if serverTrustPolicy.evaluate(serverTrust, forHost: host) {
+                    disposition = .useCredential
+                    credential = URLCredential(trust: serverTrust)
+                } else {
+                    disposition = .cancelAuthenticationChallenge
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(disposition, credential)
+    }
+
+#if !os(macOS)
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that all messages enqueued for a session have been delivered.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session: The session that no longer has any outstanding requests.
+    open func urlSessionDidFinishEvents(forBackgroundURLSession session: URLSession) {
+        sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession?(session)
+    }
+
+#endif
+}
+
+// MARK: - URLSessionTaskDelegate
+
+extension SessionDelegate: URLSessionTaskDelegate {
+    /// Tells the delegate that the remote server requested an HTTP redirect.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:           The session containing the task whose request resulted in a redirect.
+    /// - parameter task:              The task whose request resulted in a redirect.
+    /// - parameter response:          An object containing the server’s response to the original request.
+    /// - parameter request:           A URL request object filled out with the new location.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A closure that your handler should call with either the value of the request
+    ///                                parameter, a modified URL request object, or NULL to refuse the redirect and
+    ///                                return the body of the redirect response.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        willPerformHTTPRedirection response: HTTPURLResponse,
+        newRequest request: URLRequest,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (URLRequest?) -> Void)
+    {
+        guard taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion == nil else {
+            taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion?(session, task, response, request, completionHandler)
+            return
+        }
+
+        var redirectRequest: URLRequest? = request
+
+        if let taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection {
+            redirectRequest = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection(session, task, response, request)
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(redirectRequest)
+    }
+
+    /// Requests credentials from the delegate in response to an authentication request from the remote server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:           The session containing the task whose request requires authentication.
+    /// - parameter task:              The task whose request requires authentication.
+    /// - parameter challenge:         An object that contains the request for authentication.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A handler that your delegate method must call providing the disposition
+    ///                                and credential.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        didReceive challenge: URLAuthenticationChallenge,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?) -> Void)
+    {
+        guard taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion == nil else {
+            taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion?(session, task, challenge, completionHandler)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if let taskDidReceiveChallenge = taskDidReceiveChallenge {
+            let result = taskDidReceiveChallenge(session, task, challenge)
+            completionHandler(result.0, result.1)
+        } else if let delegate = self[task]?.delegate {
+            delegate.urlSession(
+                session,
+                task: task,
+                didReceive: challenge,
+                completionHandler: completionHandler
+            )
+        } else {
+            urlSession(session, didReceive: challenge, completionHandler: completionHandler)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Tells the delegate when a task requires a new request body stream to send to the remote server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:           The session containing the task that needs a new body stream.
+    /// - parameter task:              The task that needs a new body stream.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A completion handler that your delegate method should call with the new body stream.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        needNewBodyStream completionHandler: @escaping (InputStream?) -> Void)
+    {
+        guard taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion == nil else {
+            taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion?(session, task, completionHandler)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if let taskNeedNewBodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream {
+            completionHandler(taskNeedNewBodyStream(session, task))
+        } else if let delegate = self[task]?.delegate {
+            delegate.urlSession(session, task: task, needNewBodyStream: completionHandler)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Periodically informs the delegate of the progress of sending body content to the server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:                  The session containing the data task.
+    /// - parameter task:                     The data task.
+    /// - parameter bytesSent:                The number of bytes sent since the last time this delegate method was called.
+    /// - parameter totalBytesSent:           The total number of bytes sent so far.
+    /// - parameter totalBytesExpectedToSend: The expected length of the body data.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        didSendBodyData bytesSent: Int64,
+        totalBytesSent: Int64,
+        totalBytesExpectedToSend: Int64)
+    {
+        if let taskDidSendBodyData = taskDidSendBodyData {
+            taskDidSendBodyData(session, task, bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
+        } else if let delegate = self[task]?.delegate as? UploadTaskDelegate {
+            delegate.URLSession(
+                session,
+                task: task,
+                didSendBodyData: bytesSent,
+                totalBytesSent: totalBytesSent,
+                totalBytesExpectedToSend: totalBytesExpectedToSend
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+#if !os(watchOS)
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the session finished collecting metrics for the task.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session: The session collecting the metrics.
+    /// - parameter task:    The task whose metrics have been collected.
+    /// - parameter metrics: The collected metrics.
+    @available(iOS 10.0, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10.0, *)
+    @objc(URLSession:task:didFinishCollectingMetrics:)
+    open func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask, didFinishCollecting metrics: URLSessionTaskMetrics) {
+        self[task]?.delegate.metrics = metrics
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the task finished transferring data.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session: The session containing the task whose request finished transferring data.
+    /// - parameter task:    The task whose request finished transferring data.
+    /// - parameter error:   If an error occurred, an error object indicating how the transfer failed, otherwise nil.
+    open func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: Error?) {
+        /// Executed after it is determined that the request is not going to be retried
+        let completeTask: (URLSession, URLSessionTask, Error?) -> Void = { [weak self] session, task, error in
+            guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
+
+            strongSelf.taskDidComplete?(session, task, error)
+
+            strongSelf[task]?.delegate.urlSession(session, task: task, didCompleteWithError: error)
+
+            NotificationCenter.default.post(
+                name: Notification.Name.Task.DidComplete,
+                object: strongSelf,
+                userInfo: [Notification.Key.Task: task]
+            )
+
+            strongSelf[task] = nil
+        }
+
+        guard let request = self[task], let sessionManager = sessionManager else {
+            completeTask(session, task, error)
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Run all validations on the request before checking if an error occurred
+        request.validations.forEach { $0() }
+
+        // Determine whether an error has occurred
+        var error: Error? = error
+
+        if request.delegate.error != nil {
+            error = request.delegate.error
+        }
+
+        /// If an error occurred and the retrier is set, asynchronously ask the retrier if the request
+        /// should be retried. Otherwise, complete the task by notifying the task delegate.
+        if let retrier = retrier, let error = error {
+            retrier.should(sessionManager, retry: request, with: error) { [weak self] shouldRetry, timeDelay in
+                guard shouldRetry else { completeTask(session, task, error) ; return }
+
+                DispatchQueue.utility.after(timeDelay) { [weak self] in
+                    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
+
+                    let retrySucceeded = strongSelf.sessionManager?.retry(request) ?? false
+
+                    if retrySucceeded, let task = request.task {
+                        strongSelf[task] = request
+                        return
+                    } else {
+                        completeTask(session, task, error)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            completeTask(session, task, error)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - URLSessionDataDelegate
+
+extension SessionDelegate: URLSessionDataDelegate {
+    /// Tells the delegate that the data task received the initial reply (headers) from the server.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:           The session containing the data task that received an initial reply.
+    /// - parameter dataTask:          The data task that received an initial reply.
+    /// - parameter response:          A URL response object populated with headers.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A completion handler that your code calls to continue the transfer, passing a
+    ///                                constant to indicate whether the transfer should continue as a data task or
+    ///                                should become a download task.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        dataTask: URLSessionDataTask,
+        didReceive response: URLResponse,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (URLSession.ResponseDisposition) -> Void)
+    {
+        guard dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion == nil else {
+            dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion?(session, dataTask, response, completionHandler)
+            return
+        }
+
+        var disposition: URLSession.ResponseDisposition = .allow
+
+        if let dataTaskDidReceiveResponse = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse {
+            disposition = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse(session, dataTask, response)
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(disposition)
+    }
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the data task was changed to a download task.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:      The session containing the task that was replaced by a download task.
+    /// - parameter dataTask:     The data task that was replaced by a download task.
+    /// - parameter downloadTask: The new download task that replaced the data task.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        dataTask: URLSessionDataTask,
+        didBecome downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask)
+    {
+        if let dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask = dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask {
+            dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask(session, dataTask, downloadTask)
+        } else {
+            self[downloadTask]?.delegate = DownloadTaskDelegate(task: downloadTask)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the data task has received some of the expected data.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:  The session containing the data task that provided data.
+    /// - parameter dataTask: The data task that provided data.
+    /// - parameter data:     A data object containing the transferred data.
+    open func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, dataTask: URLSessionDataTask, didReceive data: Data) {
+        if let dataTaskDidReceiveData = dataTaskDidReceiveData {
+            dataTaskDidReceiveData(session, dataTask, data)
+        } else if let delegate = self[dataTask]?.delegate as? DataTaskDelegate {
+            delegate.urlSession(session, dataTask: dataTask, didReceive: data)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Asks the delegate whether the data (or upload) task should store the response in the cache.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:           The session containing the data (or upload) task.
+    /// - parameter dataTask:          The data (or upload) task.
+    /// - parameter proposedResponse:  The default caching behavior. This behavior is determined based on the current
+    ///                                caching policy and the values of certain received headers, such as the Pragma
+    ///                                and Cache-Control headers.
+    /// - parameter completionHandler: A block that your handler must call, providing either the original proposed
+    ///                                response, a modified version of that response, or NULL to prevent caching the
+    ///                                response. If your delegate implements this method, it must call this completion
+    ///                                handler; otherwise, your app leaks memory.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        dataTask: URLSessionDataTask,
+        willCacheResponse proposedResponse: CachedURLResponse,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (CachedURLResponse?) -> Void)
+    {
+        guard dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion == nil else {
+            dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion?(session, dataTask, proposedResponse, completionHandler)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if let dataTaskWillCacheResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse {
+            completionHandler(dataTaskWillCacheResponse(session, dataTask, proposedResponse))
+        } else if let delegate = self[dataTask]?.delegate as? DataTaskDelegate {
+            delegate.urlSession(
+                session,
+                dataTask: dataTask,
+                willCacheResponse: proposedResponse,
+                completionHandler: completionHandler
+            )
+        } else {
+            completionHandler(proposedResponse)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - URLSessionDownloadDelegate
+
+extension SessionDelegate: URLSessionDownloadDelegate {
+    /// Tells the delegate that a download task has finished downloading.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:      The session containing the download task that finished.
+    /// - parameter downloadTask: The download task that finished.
+    /// - parameter location:     A file URL for the temporary file. Because the file is temporary, you must either
+    ///                           open the file for reading or move it to a permanent location in your app’s sandbox
+    ///                           container directory before returning from this delegate method.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask,
+        didFinishDownloadingTo location: URL)
+    {
+        if let downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL = downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL {
+            downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL(session, downloadTask, location)
+        } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask]?.delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate {
+            delegate.urlSession(session, downloadTask: downloadTask, didFinishDownloadingTo: location)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Periodically informs the delegate about the download’s progress.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:                   The session containing the download task.
+    /// - parameter downloadTask:              The download task.
+    /// - parameter bytesWritten:              The number of bytes transferred since the last time this delegate
+    ///                                        method was called.
+    /// - parameter totalBytesWritten:         The total number of bytes transferred so far.
+    /// - parameter totalBytesExpectedToWrite: The expected length of the file, as provided by the Content-Length
+    ///                                        header. If this header was not provided, the value is
+    ///                                        `NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown`.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask,
+        didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64,
+        totalBytesWritten: Int64,
+        totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64)
+    {
+        if let downloadTaskDidWriteData = downloadTaskDidWriteData {
+            downloadTaskDidWriteData(session, downloadTask, bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
+        } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask]?.delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate {
+            delegate.urlSession(
+                session,
+                downloadTask: downloadTask,
+                didWriteData: bytesWritten,
+                totalBytesWritten: totalBytesWritten,
+                totalBytesExpectedToWrite: totalBytesExpectedToWrite
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the download task has resumed downloading.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:            The session containing the download task that finished.
+    /// - parameter downloadTask:       The download task that resumed. See explanation in the discussion.
+    /// - parameter fileOffset:         If the file's cache policy or last modified date prevents reuse of the
+    ///                                 existing content, then this value is zero. Otherwise, this value is an
+    ///                                 integer representing the number of bytes on disk that do not need to be
+    ///                                 retrieved again.
+    /// - parameter expectedTotalBytes: The expected length of the file, as provided by the Content-Length header.
+    ///                                 If this header was not provided, the value is NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask,
+        didResumeAtOffset fileOffset: Int64,
+        expectedTotalBytes: Int64)
+    {
+        if let downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset = downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset {
+            downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset(session, downloadTask, fileOffset, expectedTotalBytes)
+        } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask]?.delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate {
+            delegate.urlSession(
+                session,
+                downloadTask: downloadTask,
+                didResumeAtOffset: fileOffset,
+                expectedTotalBytes: expectedTotalBytes
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - URLSessionStreamDelegate
+
+#if !os(watchOS)
+
+@available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+extension SessionDelegate: URLSessionStreamDelegate {
+    /// Tells the delegate that the read side of the connection has been closed.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:    The session.
+    /// - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
+    open func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, readClosedFor streamTask: URLSessionStreamTask) {
+        streamTaskReadClosed?(session, streamTask)
+    }
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the write side of the connection has been closed.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:    The session.
+    /// - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
+    open func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, writeClosedFor streamTask: URLSessionStreamTask) {
+        streamTaskWriteClosed?(session, streamTask)
+    }
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the system has determined that a better route to the host is available.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:    The session.
+    /// - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
+    open func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, betterRouteDiscoveredFor streamTask: URLSessionStreamTask) {
+        streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered?(session, streamTask)
+    }
+
+    /// Tells the delegate that the stream task has been completed and provides the unopened stream objects.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:      The session.
+    /// - parameter streamTask:   The stream task.
+    /// - parameter inputStream:  The new input stream.
+    /// - parameter outputStream: The new output stream.
+    open func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        streamTask: URLSessionStreamTask,
+        didBecome inputStream: InputStream,
+        outputStream: OutputStream)
+    {
+        streamTaskDidBecomeInputAndOutputStreams?(session, streamTask, inputStream, outputStream)
+    }
+}
+
+#endif

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/SessionManager.swift

+//
+//  SessionManager.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// Responsible for creating and managing `Request` objects, as well as their underlying `NSURLSession`.
+open class SessionManager {
+
+    // MARK: - Helper Types
+
+    /// Defines whether the `MultipartFormData` encoding was successful and contains result of the encoding as
+    /// associated values.
+    ///
+    /// - Success: Represents a successful `MultipartFormData` encoding and contains the new `UploadRequest` along with
+    ///            streaming information.
+    /// - Failure: Used to represent a failure in the `MultipartFormData` encoding and also contains the encoding
+    ///            error.
+    public enum MultipartFormDataEncodingResult {
+        case success(request: UploadRequest, streamingFromDisk: Bool, streamFileURL: URL?)
+        case failure(Error)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Properties
+
+    /// A default instance of `SessionManager`, used by top-level Alamofire request methods, and suitable for use
+    /// directly for any ad hoc requests.
+    open static let `default`: SessionManager = {
+        let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default
+        configuration.httpAdditionalHeaders = SessionManager.defaultHTTPHeaders
+
+        return SessionManager(configuration: configuration)
+    }()
+
+    /// Creates default values for the "Accept-Encoding", "Accept-Language" and "User-Agent" headers.
+    open static let defaultHTTPHeaders: HTTPHeaders = {
+        // Accept-Encoding HTTP Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-4.2.3
+        let acceptEncoding: String = "gzip;q=1.0, compress;q=0.5"
+
+        // Accept-Language HTTP Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.5
+        let acceptLanguage = Locale.preferredLanguages.prefix(6).enumerated().map { index, languageCode in
+            let quality = 1.0 - (Double(index) * 0.1)
+            return "\(languageCode);q=\(quality)"
+        }.joined(separator: ", ")
+
+        // User-Agent Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.5.3
+        // Example: `iOS Example/1.0 (org.alamofire.iOS-Example; build:1; iOS 10.0.0) Alamofire/4.0.0`
+        let userAgent: String = {
+            if let info = Bundle.main.infoDictionary {
+                let executable = info[kCFBundleExecutableKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
+                let bundle = info[kCFBundleIdentifierKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
+                let appVersion = info["CFBundleShortVersionString"] as? String ?? "Unknown"
+                let appBuild = info[kCFBundleVersionKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
+
+                let osNameVersion: String = {
+                    let version = ProcessInfo.processInfo.operatingSystemVersion
+                    let versionString = "\(version.majorVersion).\(version.minorVersion).\(version.patchVersion)"
+
+                    let osName: String = {
+                        #if os(iOS)
+                            return "iOS"
+                        #elseif os(watchOS)
+                            return "watchOS"
+                        #elseif os(tvOS)
+                            return "tvOS"
+                        #elseif os(macOS)
+                            return "OS X"
+                        #elseif os(Linux)
+                            return "Linux"
+                        #else
+                            return "Unknown"
+                        #endif
+                    }()
+
+                    return "\(osName) \(versionString)"
+                }()
+
+                let alamofireVersion: String = {
+                    guard
+                        let afInfo = Bundle(for: SessionManager.self).infoDictionary,
+                        let build = afInfo["CFBundleShortVersionString"]
+                    else { return "Unknown" }
+
+                    return "Alamofire/\(build)"
+                }()
+
+                return "\(executable)/\(appVersion) (\(bundle); build:\(appBuild); \(osNameVersion)) \(alamofireVersion)"
+            }
+
+            return "Alamofire"
+        }()
+
+        return [
+            "Accept-Encoding": acceptEncoding,
+            "Accept-Language": acceptLanguage,
+            "User-Agent": userAgent
+        ]
+    }()
+
+    /// Default memory threshold used when encoding `MultipartFormData` in bytes.
+    open static let multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = 10_000_000
+
+    /// The underlying session.
+    open let session: URLSession
+
+    /// The session delegate handling all the task and session delegate callbacks.
+    open let delegate: SessionDelegate
+
+    /// Whether to start requests immediately after being constructed. `true` by default.
+    open var startRequestsImmediately: Bool = true
+
+    /// The request adapter called each time a new request is created.
+    open var adapter: RequestAdapter?
+
+    /// The request retrier called each time a request encounters an error to determine whether to retry the request.
+    open var retrier: RequestRetrier? {
+        get { return delegate.retrier }
+        set { delegate.retrier = newValue }
+    }
+
+    /// The background completion handler closure provided by the UIApplicationDelegate
+    /// `application:handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:completionHandler:` method. By setting the background
+    /// completion handler, the SessionDelegate `sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession` closure implementation
+    /// will automatically call the handler.
+    ///
+    /// If you need to handle your own events before the handler is called, then you need to override the
+    /// SessionDelegate `sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession` and manually call the handler when finished.
+    ///
+    /// `nil` by default.
+    open var backgroundCompletionHandler: (() -> Void)?
+
+    let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "org.alamofire.session-manager." + UUID().uuidString)
+
+    // MARK: - Lifecycle
+
+    /// Creates an instance with the specified `configuration`, `delegate` and `serverTrustPolicyManager`.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter configuration:            The configuration used to construct the managed session.
+    ///                                       `URLSessionConfiguration.default` by default.
+    /// - parameter delegate:                 The delegate used when initializing the session. `SessionDelegate()` by
+    ///                                       default.
+    /// - parameter serverTrustPolicyManager: The server trust policy manager to use for evaluating all server trust
+    ///                                       challenges. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `SessionManager` instance.
+    public init(
+        configuration: URLSessionConfiguration = URLSessionConfiguration.default,
+        delegate: SessionDelegate = SessionDelegate(),
+        serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? = nil)
+    {
+        self.delegate = delegate
+        self.session = URLSession(configuration: configuration, delegate: delegate, delegateQueue: nil)
+
+        commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager: serverTrustPolicyManager)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an instance with the specified `session`, `delegate` and `serverTrustPolicyManager`.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter session:                  The URL session.
+    /// - parameter delegate:                 The delegate of the URL session. Must equal the URL session's delegate.
+    /// - parameter serverTrustPolicyManager: The server trust policy manager to use for evaluating all server trust
+    ///                                       challenges. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `SessionManager` instance if the URL session's delegate matches; `nil` otherwise.
+    public init?(
+        session: URLSession,
+        delegate: SessionDelegate,
+        serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? = nil)
+    {
+        guard delegate === session.delegate else { return nil }
+
+        self.delegate = delegate
+        self.session = session
+
+        commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager: serverTrustPolicyManager)
+    }
+
+    private func commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager?) {
+        session.serverTrustPolicyManager = serverTrustPolicyManager
+
+        delegate.sessionManager = self
+
+        delegate.sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession = { [weak self] session in
+            guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
+            DispatchQueue.main.async { strongSelf.backgroundCompletionHandler?() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    deinit {
+        session.invalidateAndCancel()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Data Request
+
+    /// Creates a `DataRequest` to retrieve the contents of the specified `url`, `method`, `parameters`, `encoding`
+    /// and `headers`.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter url:        The URL.
+    /// - parameter method:     The HTTP method. `.get` by default.
+    /// - parameter parameters: The parameters. `nil` by default.
+    /// - parameter encoding:   The parameter encoding. `URLEncoding.default` by default.
+    /// - parameter headers:    The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `DataRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func request(
+        _ url: URLConvertible,
+        method: HTTPMethod = .get,
+        parameters: Parameters? = nil,
+        encoding: ParameterEncoding = URLEncoding.default,
+        headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+        -> DataRequest
+    {
+        var originalRequest: URLRequest?
+
+        do {
+            originalRequest = try URLRequest(url: url, method: method, headers: headers)
+            let encodedURLRequest = try encoding.encode(originalRequest!, with: parameters)
+            return request(encodedURLRequest)
+        } catch {
+            return request(originalRequest, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `DataRequest` to retrieve the contents of a URL based on the specified `urlRequest`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `DataRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func request(_ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> DataRequest {
+        var originalRequest: URLRequest?
+
+        do {
+            originalRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+            let originalTask = DataRequest.Requestable(urlRequest: originalRequest!)
+
+            let task = try originalTask.task(session: session, adapter: adapter, queue: queue)
+            let request = DataRequest(session: session, requestTask: .data(originalTask, task))
+
+            delegate[task] = request
+
+            if startRequestsImmediately { request.resume() }
+
+            return request
+        } catch {
+            return request(originalRequest, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Private - Request Implementation
+
+    private func request(_ urlRequest: URLRequest?, failedWith error: Error) -> DataRequest {
+        var requestTask: Request.RequestTask = .data(nil, nil)
+
+        if let urlRequest = urlRequest {
+            let originalTask = DataRequest.Requestable(urlRequest: urlRequest)
+            requestTask = .data(originalTask, nil)
+        }
+
+        let underlyingError = error.underlyingAdaptError ?? error
+        let request = DataRequest(session: session, requestTask: requestTask, error: underlyingError)
+
+        if let retrier = retrier, error is AdaptError {
+            allowRetrier(retrier, toRetry: request, with: underlyingError)
+        } else {
+            if startRequestsImmediately { request.resume() }
+        }
+
+        return request
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Download Request
+
+    // MARK: URL Request
+
+    /// Creates a `DownloadRequest` to retrieve the contents the specified `url`, `method`, `parameters`, `encoding`,
+    /// `headers` and save them to the `destination`.
+    ///
+    /// If `destination` is not specified, the contents will remain in the temporary location determined by the
+    /// underlying URL session.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter url:         The URL.
+    /// - parameter method:      The HTTP method. `.get` by default.
+    /// - parameter parameters:  The parameters. `nil` by default.
+    /// - parameter encoding:    The parameter encoding. `URLEncoding.default` by default.
+    /// - parameter headers:     The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+    /// - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `DownloadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func download(
+        _ url: URLConvertible,
+        method: HTTPMethod = .get,
+        parameters: Parameters? = nil,
+        encoding: ParameterEncoding = URLEncoding.default,
+        headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil,
+        to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination? = nil)
+        -> DownloadRequest
+    {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try URLRequest(url: url, method: method, headers: headers)
+            let encodedURLRequest = try encoding.encode(urlRequest, with: parameters)
+            return download(encodedURLRequest, to: destination)
+        } catch {
+            return download(nil, to: destination, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `DownloadRequest` to retrieve the contents of a URL based on the specified `urlRequest` and save
+    /// them to the `destination`.
+    ///
+    /// If `destination` is not specified, the contents will remain in the temporary location determined by the
+    /// underlying URL session.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter urlRequest:  The URL request
+    /// - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `DownloadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func download(
+        _ urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
+        to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination? = nil)
+        -> DownloadRequest
+    {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+            return download(.request(urlRequest), to: destination)
+        } catch {
+            return download(nil, to: destination, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Resume Data
+
+    /// Creates a `DownloadRequest` from the `resumeData` produced from a previous request cancellation to retrieve
+    /// the contents of the original request and save them to the `destination`.
+    ///
+    /// If `destination` is not specified, the contents will remain in the temporary location determined by the
+    /// underlying URL session.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// On the latest release of all the Apple platforms (iOS 10, macOS 10.12, tvOS 10, watchOS 3), `resumeData` is broken
+    /// on background URL session configurations. There's an underlying bug in the `resumeData` generation logic where the
+    /// data is written incorrectly and will always fail to resume the download. For more information about the bug and
+    /// possible workarounds, please refer to the following Stack Overflow post:
+    ///
+    ///    - http://stackoverflow.com/a/39347461/1342462
+    ///
+    /// - parameter resumeData:  The resume data. This is an opaque data blob produced by `URLSessionDownloadTask`
+    ///                          when a task is cancelled. See `URLSession -downloadTask(withResumeData:)` for
+    ///                          additional information.
+    /// - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `DownloadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func download(
+        resumingWith resumeData: Data,
+        to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination? = nil)
+        -> DownloadRequest
+    {
+        return download(.resumeData(resumeData), to: destination)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Private - Download Implementation
+
+    private func download(
+        _ downloadable: DownloadRequest.Downloadable,
+        to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination?)
+        -> DownloadRequest
+    {
+        do {
+            let task = try downloadable.task(session: session, adapter: adapter, queue: queue)
+            let download = DownloadRequest(session: session, requestTask: .download(downloadable, task))
+
+            download.downloadDelegate.destination = destination
+
+            delegate[task] = download
+
+            if startRequestsImmediately { download.resume() }
+
+            return download
+        } catch {
+            return download(downloadable, to: destination, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func download(
+        _ downloadable: DownloadRequest.Downloadable?,
+        to destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination?,
+        failedWith error: Error)
+        -> DownloadRequest
+    {
+        var downloadTask: Request.RequestTask = .download(nil, nil)
+
+        if let downloadable = downloadable {
+            downloadTask = .download(downloadable, nil)
+        }
+
+        let underlyingError = error.underlyingAdaptError ?? error
+
+        let download = DownloadRequest(session: session, requestTask: downloadTask, error: underlyingError)
+        download.downloadDelegate.destination = destination
+
+        if let retrier = retrier, error is AdaptError {
+            allowRetrier(retrier, toRetry: download, with: underlyingError)
+        } else {
+            if startRequestsImmediately { download.resume() }
+        }
+
+        return download
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Upload Request
+
+    // MARK: File
+
+    /// Creates an `UploadRequest` from the specified `url`, `method` and `headers` for uploading the `file`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter file:    The file to upload.
+    /// - parameter url:     The URL.
+    /// - parameter method:  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+    /// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func upload(
+        _ fileURL: URL,
+        to url: URLConvertible,
+        method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+        headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+        -> UploadRequest
+    {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try URLRequest(url: url, method: method, headers: headers)
+            return upload(fileURL, with: urlRequest)
+        } catch {
+            return upload(nil, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `UploadRequest` from the specified `urlRequest` for uploading the `file`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter file:       The file to upload.
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func upload(_ fileURL: URL, with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> UploadRequest {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+            return upload(.file(fileURL, urlRequest))
+        } catch {
+            return upload(nil, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Data
+
+    /// Creates an `UploadRequest` from the specified `url`, `method` and `headers` for uploading the `data`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter data:    The data to upload.
+    /// - parameter url:     The URL.
+    /// - parameter method:  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+    /// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func upload(
+        _ data: Data,
+        to url: URLConvertible,
+        method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+        headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+        -> UploadRequest
+    {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try URLRequest(url: url, method: method, headers: headers)
+            return upload(data, with: urlRequest)
+        } catch {
+            return upload(nil, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an `UploadRequest` from the specified `urlRequest` for uploading the `data`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter data:       The data to upload.
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func upload(_ data: Data, with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> UploadRequest {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+            return upload(.data(data, urlRequest))
+        } catch {
+            return upload(nil, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: InputStream
+
+    /// Creates an `UploadRequest` from the specified `url`, `method` and `headers` for uploading the `stream`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter stream:  The stream to upload.
+    /// - parameter url:     The URL.
+    /// - parameter method:  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+    /// - parameter headers: The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func upload(
+        _ stream: InputStream,
+        to url: URLConvertible,
+        method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+        headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
+        -> UploadRequest
+    {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try URLRequest(url: url, method: method, headers: headers)
+            return upload(stream, with: urlRequest)
+        } catch {
+            return upload(nil, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an `UploadRequest` from the specified `urlRequest` for uploading the `stream`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter stream:     The stream to upload.
+    /// - parameter urlRequest: The URL request.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `UploadRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    open func upload(_ stream: InputStream, with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> UploadRequest {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+            return upload(.stream(stream, urlRequest))
+        } catch {
+            return upload(nil, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: MultipartFormData
+
+    /// Encodes `multipartFormData` using `encodingMemoryThreshold` and calls `encodingCompletion` with new
+    /// `UploadRequest` using the `url`, `method` and `headers`.
+    ///
+    /// It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative
+    /// payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most
+    /// efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to
+    /// be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory
+    /// footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be
+    /// used for larger payloads such as video content.
+    ///
+    /// The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory
+    /// or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
+    /// encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk
+    /// during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding
+    /// technique was used.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
+    /// - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
+    ///                                      `multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
+    /// - parameter url:                     The URL.
+    /// - parameter method:                  The HTTP method. `.post` by default.
+    /// - parameter headers:                 The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
+    /// - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
+    open func upload(
+        multipartFormData: @escaping (MultipartFormData) -> Void,
+        usingThreshold encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = SessionManager.multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
+        to url: URLConvertible,
+        method: HTTPMethod = .post,
+        headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil,
+        encodingCompletion: ((MultipartFormDataEncodingResult) -> Void)?)
+    {
+        do {
+            let urlRequest = try URLRequest(url: url, method: method, headers: headers)
+
+            return upload(
+                multipartFormData: multipartFormData,
+                usingThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
+                with: urlRequest,
+                encodingCompletion: encodingCompletion
+            )
+        } catch {
+            DispatchQueue.main.async { encodingCompletion?(.failure(error)) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Encodes `multipartFormData` using `encodingMemoryThreshold` and calls `encodingCompletion` with new
+    /// `UploadRequest` using the `urlRequest`.
+    ///
+    /// It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative
+    /// payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most
+    /// efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to
+    /// be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory
+    /// footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be
+    /// used for larger payloads such as video content.
+    ///
+    /// The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory
+    /// or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
+    /// encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk
+    /// during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding
+    /// technique was used.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
+    /// - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
+    ///                                      `multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
+    /// - parameter urlRequest:              The URL request.
+    /// - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
+    open func upload(
+        multipartFormData: @escaping (MultipartFormData) -> Void,
+        usingThreshold encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = SessionManager.multipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
+        with urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
+        encodingCompletion: ((MultipartFormDataEncodingResult) -> Void)?)
+    {
+        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .utility).async {
+            let formData = MultipartFormData()
+            multipartFormData(formData)
+
+            var tempFileURL: URL?
+
+            do {
+                var urlRequestWithContentType = try urlRequest.asURLRequest()
+                urlRequestWithContentType.setValue(formData.contentType, forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
+
+                let isBackgroundSession = self.session.configuration.identifier != nil
+
+                if formData.contentLength < encodingMemoryThreshold && !isBackgroundSession {
+                    let data = try formData.encode()
+
+                    let encodingResult = MultipartFormDataEncodingResult.success(
+                        request: self.upload(data, with: urlRequestWithContentType),
+                        streamingFromDisk: false,
+                        streamFileURL: nil
+                    )
+
+                    DispatchQueue.main.async { encodingCompletion?(encodingResult) }
+                } else {
+                    let fileManager = FileManager.default
+                    let tempDirectoryURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory())
+                    let directoryURL = tempDirectoryURL.appendingPathComponent("org.alamofire.manager/multipart.form.data")
+                    let fileName = UUID().uuidString
+                    let fileURL = directoryURL.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+
+                    tempFileURL = fileURL
+
+                    var directoryError: Error?
+
+                    // Create directory inside serial queue to ensure two threads don't do this in parallel
+                    self.queue.sync {
+                        do {
+                            try fileManager.createDirectory(at: directoryURL, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
+                        } catch {
+                            directoryError = error
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if let directoryError = directoryError { throw directoryError }
+
+                    try formData.writeEncodedData(to: fileURL)
+
+                    let upload = self.upload(fileURL, with: urlRequestWithContentType)
+
+                    // Cleanup the temp file once the upload is complete
+                    upload.delegate.queue.addOperation {
+                        do {
+                            try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL)
+                        } catch {
+                            // No-op
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    DispatchQueue.main.async {
+                        let encodingResult = MultipartFormDataEncodingResult.success(
+                            request: upload,
+                            streamingFromDisk: true,
+                            streamFileURL: fileURL
+                        )
+
+                        encodingCompletion?(encodingResult)
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch {
+                // Cleanup the temp file in the event that the multipart form data encoding failed
+                if let tempFileURL = tempFileURL {
+                    do {
+                        try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tempFileURL)
+                    } catch {
+                        // No-op
+                    }
+                }
+
+                DispatchQueue.main.async { encodingCompletion?(.failure(error)) }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Private - Upload Implementation
+
+    private func upload(_ uploadable: UploadRequest.Uploadable) -> UploadRequest {
+        do {
+            let task = try uploadable.task(session: session, adapter: adapter, queue: queue)
+            let upload = UploadRequest(session: session, requestTask: .upload(uploadable, task))
+
+            if case let .stream(inputStream, _) = uploadable {
+                upload.delegate.taskNeedNewBodyStream = { _, _ in inputStream }
+            }
+
+            delegate[task] = upload
+
+            if startRequestsImmediately { upload.resume() }
+
+            return upload
+        } catch {
+            return upload(uploadable, failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func upload(_ uploadable: UploadRequest.Uploadable?, failedWith error: Error) -> UploadRequest {
+        var uploadTask: Request.RequestTask = .upload(nil, nil)
+
+        if let uploadable = uploadable {
+            uploadTask = .upload(uploadable, nil)
+        }
+
+        let underlyingError = error.underlyingAdaptError ?? error
+        let upload = UploadRequest(session: session, requestTask: uploadTask, error: underlyingError)
+
+        if let retrier = retrier, error is AdaptError {
+            allowRetrier(retrier, toRetry: upload, with: underlyingError)
+        } else {
+            if startRequestsImmediately { upload.resume() }
+        }
+
+        return upload
+    }
+
+#if !os(watchOS)
+
+    // MARK: - Stream Request
+
+    // MARK: Hostname and Port
+
+    /// Creates a `StreamRequest` for bidirectional streaming using the `hostname` and `port`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter hostName: The hostname of the server to connect to.
+    /// - parameter port:     The port of the server to connect to.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `StreamRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    open func stream(withHostName hostName: String, port: Int) -> StreamRequest {
+        return stream(.stream(hostName: hostName, port: port))
+    }
+
+    // MARK: NetService
+
+    /// Creates a `StreamRequest` for bidirectional streaming using the `netService`.
+    ///
+    /// If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter netService: The net service used to identify the endpoint.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The created `StreamRequest`.
+    @discardableResult
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    open func stream(with netService: NetService) -> StreamRequest {
+        return stream(.netService(netService))
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Private - Stream Implementation
+
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    private func stream(_ streamable: StreamRequest.Streamable) -> StreamRequest {
+        do {
+            let task = try streamable.task(session: session, adapter: adapter, queue: queue)
+            let request = StreamRequest(session: session, requestTask: .stream(streamable, task))
+
+            delegate[task] = request
+
+            if startRequestsImmediately { request.resume() }
+
+            return request
+        } catch {
+            return stream(failedWith: error)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @available(iOS 9.0, macOS 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
+    private func stream(failedWith error: Error) -> StreamRequest {
+        let stream = StreamRequest(session: session, requestTask: .stream(nil, nil), error: error)
+        if startRequestsImmediately { stream.resume() }
+        return stream
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    // MARK: - Internal - Retry Request
+
+    func retry(_ request: Request) -> Bool {
+        guard let originalTask = request.originalTask else { return false }
+
+        do {
+            let task = try originalTask.task(session: session, adapter: adapter, queue: queue)
+
+            request.delegate.task = task // resets all task delegate data
+
+            request.retryCount += 1
+            request.startTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
+            request.endTime = nil
+
+            task.resume()
+
+            return true
+        } catch {
+            request.delegate.error = error.underlyingAdaptError ?? error
+            return false
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func allowRetrier(_ retrier: RequestRetrier, toRetry request: Request, with error: Error) {
+        DispatchQueue.utility.async { [weak self] in
+            guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
+
+            retrier.should(strongSelf, retry: request, with: error) { shouldRetry, timeDelay in
+                guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
+
+                guard shouldRetry else {
+                    if strongSelf.startRequestsImmediately { request.resume() }
+                    return
+                }
+
+                DispatchQueue.utility.after(timeDelay) {
+                    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
+
+                    let retrySucceeded = strongSelf.retry(request)
+
+                    if retrySucceeded, let task = request.task {
+                        strongSelf.delegate[task] = request
+                    } else {
+                        if strongSelf.startRequestsImmediately { request.resume() }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Stream.swift

-// Stream.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-#if !os(watchOS)
-
-@available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
-extension Manager {
-    private enum Streamable {
-        case Stream(String, Int)
-        case NetService(NSNetService)
-    }
-
-    private func stream(streamable: Streamable) -> Request {
-        var streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask!
-
-        switch streamable {
-        case .Stream(let hostName, let port):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                streamTask = self.session.streamTaskWithHostName(hostName, port: port)
-            }
-        case .NetService(let netService):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                streamTask = self.session.streamTaskWithNetService(netService)
-            }
-        }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: streamTask)
-
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for bidirectional streaming with the given hostname and port.
-
-        - parameter hostName: The hostname of the server to connect to.
-        - parameter port:     The port of the server to connect to.
-
-        :returns: The created stream request.
-    */
-    public func stream(hostName hostName: String, port: Int) -> Request {
-        return stream(.Stream(hostName, port))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for bidirectional streaming with the given `NSNetService`.
-
-        - parameter netService: The net service used to identify the endpoint.
-
-        - returns: The created stream request.
-    */
-    public func stream(netService netService: NSNetService) -> Request {
-        return stream(.NetService(netService))
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-@available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
-extension Manager.SessionDelegate: NSURLSessionStreamDelegate {
-
-    // MARK: Override Closures
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:readClosedForStreamTask:`.
-    public var streamTaskReadClosed: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskReadClosed as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskReadClosed = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:writeClosedForStreamTask:`.
-    public var streamTaskWriteClosed: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskWriteClosed as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskWriteClosed = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:betterRouteDiscoveredForStreamTask:`.
-    public var streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:streamTask:didBecomeInputStream:outputStream:`.
-    public var streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask, NSInputStream, NSOutputStream) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask, NSInputStream, NSOutputStream) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the read side of the connection has been closed.
-
-        - parameter session:    The session.
-        - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, readClosedForStreamTask streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask) {
-        streamTaskReadClosed?(session, streamTask)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the write side of the connection has been closed.
-
-        - parameter session:    The session.
-        - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, writeClosedForStreamTask streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask) {
-        streamTaskWriteClosed?(session, streamTask)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the system has determined that a better route to the host is available.
-
-        - parameter session:    The session.
-        - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, betterRouteDiscoveredForStreamTask streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask) {
-        streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered?(session, streamTask)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the stream task has been completed and provides the unopened stream objects.
-
-        - parameter session:      The session.
-        - parameter streamTask:   The stream task.
-        - parameter inputStream:  The new input stream.
-        - parameter outputStream: The new output stream.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(
-        session: NSURLSession,
-        streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask,
-        didBecomeInputStream inputStream: NSInputStream,
-        outputStream: NSOutputStream)
-    {
-        streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream?(session, streamTask, inputStream, outputStream)
-    }
-}
-
-#endif

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/TaskDelegate.swift

+//
+//  TaskDelegate.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// The task delegate is responsible for handling all delegate callbacks for the underlying task as well as
+/// executing all operations attached to the serial operation queue upon task completion.
+open class TaskDelegate: NSObject {
+
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    /// The serial operation queue used to execute all operations after the task completes.
+    open let queue: OperationQueue
+
+    /// The data returned by the server.
+    public var data: Data? { return nil }
+
+    /// The error generated throughout the lifecyle of the task.
+    public var error: Error?
+
+    var task: URLSessionTask? {
+        set {
+            taskLock.lock(); defer { taskLock.unlock() }
+            _task = newValue
+        }
+        get {
+            taskLock.lock(); defer { taskLock.unlock() }
+            return _task
+        }
+    }
+
+    var initialResponseTime: CFAbsoluteTime?
+    var credential: URLCredential?
+    var metrics: AnyObject? // URLSessionTaskMetrics
+
+    private var _task: URLSessionTask? {
+        didSet { reset() }
+    }
+
+    private let taskLock = NSLock()
+
+    // MARK: Lifecycle
+
+    init(task: URLSessionTask?) {
+        _task = task
+
+        self.queue = {
+            let operationQueue = OperationQueue()
+
+            operationQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1
+            operationQueue.isSuspended = true
+            operationQueue.qualityOfService = .utility
+
+            return operationQueue
+        }()
+    }
+
+    func reset() {
+        error = nil
+        initialResponseTime = nil
+    }
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionTaskDelegate
+
+    var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, HTTPURLResponse, URLRequest) -> URLRequest?)?
+    var taskDidReceiveChallenge: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, URLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?))?
+    var taskNeedNewBodyStream: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask) -> InputStream?)?
+    var taskDidCompleteWithError: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, Error?) -> Void)?
+
+    @objc(URLSession:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:)
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        willPerformHTTPRedirection response: HTTPURLResponse,
+        newRequest request: URLRequest,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (URLRequest?) -> Void)
+    {
+        var redirectRequest: URLRequest? = request
+
+        if let taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection {
+            redirectRequest = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection(session, task, response, request)
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(redirectRequest)
+    }
+
+    @objc(URLSession:task:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:)
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        didReceive challenge: URLAuthenticationChallenge,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?) -> Void)
+    {
+        var disposition: URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition = .performDefaultHandling
+        var credential: URLCredential?
+
+        if let taskDidReceiveChallenge = taskDidReceiveChallenge {
+            (disposition, credential) = taskDidReceiveChallenge(session, task, challenge)
+        } else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
+            let host = challenge.protectionSpace.host
+
+            if
+                let serverTrustPolicy = session.serverTrustPolicyManager?.serverTrustPolicy(forHost: host),
+                let serverTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust
+            {
+                if serverTrustPolicy.evaluate(serverTrust, forHost: host) {
+                    disposition = .useCredential
+                    credential = URLCredential(trust: serverTrust)
+                } else {
+                    disposition = .cancelAuthenticationChallenge
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if challenge.previousFailureCount > 0 {
+                disposition = .rejectProtectionSpace
+            } else {
+                credential = self.credential ?? session.configuration.urlCredentialStorage?.defaultCredential(for: challenge.protectionSpace)
+
+                if credential != nil {
+                    disposition = .useCredential
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(disposition, credential)
+    }
+
+    @objc(URLSession:task:needNewBodyStream:)
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        needNewBodyStream completionHandler: @escaping (InputStream?) -> Void)
+    {
+        var bodyStream: InputStream?
+
+        if let taskNeedNewBodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream {
+            bodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream(session, task)
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(bodyStream)
+    }
+
+    @objc(URLSession:task:didCompleteWithError:)
+    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: Error?) {
+        if let taskDidCompleteWithError = taskDidCompleteWithError {
+            taskDidCompleteWithError(session, task, error)
+        } else {
+            if let error = error {
+                if self.error == nil { self.error = error }
+
+                if
+                    let downloadDelegate = self as? DownloadTaskDelegate,
+                    let resumeData = (error as NSError).userInfo[NSURLSessionDownloadTaskResumeData] as? Data
+                {
+                    downloadDelegate.resumeData = resumeData
+                }
+            }
+
+            queue.isSuspended = false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+class DataTaskDelegate: TaskDelegate, URLSessionDataDelegate {
+
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    var dataTask: URLSessionDataTask { return task as! URLSessionDataTask }
+
+    override var data: Data? {
+        if dataStream != nil {
+            return nil
+        } else {
+            return mutableData
+        }
+    }
+
+    var progress: Progress
+    var progressHandler: (closure: Request.ProgressHandler, queue: DispatchQueue)?
+
+    var dataStream: ((_ data: Data) -> Void)?
+
+    private var totalBytesReceived: Int64 = 0
+    private var mutableData: Data
+
+    private var expectedContentLength: Int64?
+
+    // MARK: Lifecycle
+
+    override init(task: URLSessionTask?) {
+        mutableData = Data()
+        progress = Progress(totalUnitCount: 0)
+
+        super.init(task: task)
+    }
+
+    override func reset() {
+        super.reset()
+
+        progress = Progress(totalUnitCount: 0)
+        totalBytesReceived = 0
+        mutableData = Data()
+        expectedContentLength = nil
+    }
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionDataDelegate
+
+    var dataTaskDidReceiveResponse: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, URLResponse) -> URLSession.ResponseDisposition)?
+    var dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, URLSessionDownloadTask) -> Void)?
+    var dataTaskDidReceiveData: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, Data) -> Void)?
+    var dataTaskWillCacheResponse: ((URLSession, URLSessionDataTask, CachedURLResponse) -> CachedURLResponse?)?
+
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        dataTask: URLSessionDataTask,
+        didReceive response: URLResponse,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (URLSession.ResponseDisposition) -> Void)
+    {
+        var disposition: URLSession.ResponseDisposition = .allow
+
+        expectedContentLength = response.expectedContentLength
+
+        if let dataTaskDidReceiveResponse = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse {
+            disposition = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse(session, dataTask, response)
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(disposition)
+    }
+
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        dataTask: URLSessionDataTask,
+        didBecome downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask)
+    {
+        dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask?(session, dataTask, downloadTask)
+    }
+
+    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, dataTask: URLSessionDataTask, didReceive data: Data) {
+        if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
+
+        if let dataTaskDidReceiveData = dataTaskDidReceiveData {
+            dataTaskDidReceiveData(session, dataTask, data)
+        } else {
+            if let dataStream = dataStream {
+                dataStream(data)
+            } else {
+                mutableData.append(data)
+            }
+
+            let bytesReceived = Int64(data.count)
+            totalBytesReceived += bytesReceived
+            let totalBytesExpected = dataTask.response?.expectedContentLength ?? NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown
+
+            progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpected
+            progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesReceived
+
+            if let progressHandler = progressHandler {
+                progressHandler.queue.async { progressHandler.closure(self.progress) }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        dataTask: URLSessionDataTask,
+        willCacheResponse proposedResponse: CachedURLResponse,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (CachedURLResponse?) -> Void)
+    {
+        var cachedResponse: CachedURLResponse? = proposedResponse
+
+        if let dataTaskWillCacheResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse {
+            cachedResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse(session, dataTask, proposedResponse)
+        }
+
+        completionHandler(cachedResponse)
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+class DownloadTaskDelegate: TaskDelegate, URLSessionDownloadDelegate {
+
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    var downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask { return task as! URLSessionDownloadTask }
+
+    var progress: Progress
+    var progressHandler: (closure: Request.ProgressHandler, queue: DispatchQueue)?
+
+    var resumeData: Data?
+    override var data: Data? { return resumeData }
+
+    var destination: DownloadRequest.DownloadFileDestination?
+
+    var temporaryURL: URL?
+    var destinationURL: URL?
+
+    var fileURL: URL? { return destination != nil ? destinationURL : temporaryURL }
+
+    // MARK: Lifecycle
+
+    override init(task: URLSessionTask?) {
+        progress = Progress(totalUnitCount: 0)
+        super.init(task: task)
+    }
+
+    override func reset() {
+        super.reset()
+
+        progress = Progress(totalUnitCount: 0)
+        resumeData = nil
+    }
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionDownloadDelegate
+
+    var downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL: ((URLSession, URLSessionDownloadTask, URL) -> URL)?
+    var downloadTaskDidWriteData: ((URLSession, URLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
+    var downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset: ((URLSession, URLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
+
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask,
+        didFinishDownloadingTo location: URL)
+    {
+        temporaryURL = location
+
+        guard
+            let destination = destination,
+            let response = downloadTask.response as? HTTPURLResponse
+        else { return }
+
+        let result = destination(location, response)
+        let destinationURL = result.destinationURL
+        let options = result.options
+
+        self.destinationURL = destinationURL
+
+        do {
+            if options.contains(.removePreviousFile), FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: destinationURL.path) {
+                try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: destinationURL)
+            }
+
+            if options.contains(.createIntermediateDirectories) {
+                let directory = destinationURL.deletingLastPathComponent()
+                try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: directory, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+            }
+
+            try FileManager.default.moveItem(at: location, to: destinationURL)
+        } catch {
+            self.error = error
+        }
+    }
+
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask,
+        didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64,
+        totalBytesWritten: Int64,
+        totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64)
+    {
+        if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
+
+        if let downloadTaskDidWriteData = downloadTaskDidWriteData {
+            downloadTaskDidWriteData(
+                session,
+                downloadTask,
+                bytesWritten,
+                totalBytesWritten,
+                totalBytesExpectedToWrite
+            )
+        } else {
+            progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpectedToWrite
+            progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesWritten
+
+            if let progressHandler = progressHandler {
+                progressHandler.queue.async { progressHandler.closure(self.progress) }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func urlSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask,
+        didResumeAtOffset fileOffset: Int64,
+        expectedTotalBytes: Int64)
+    {
+        if let downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset = downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset {
+            downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset(session, downloadTask, fileOffset, expectedTotalBytes)
+        } else {
+            progress.totalUnitCount = expectedTotalBytes
+            progress.completedUnitCount = fileOffset
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+class UploadTaskDelegate: DataTaskDelegate {
+
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    var uploadTask: URLSessionUploadTask { return task as! URLSessionUploadTask }
+
+    var uploadProgress: Progress
+    var uploadProgressHandler: (closure: Request.ProgressHandler, queue: DispatchQueue)?
+
+    // MARK: Lifecycle
+
+    override init(task: URLSessionTask?) {
+        uploadProgress = Progress(totalUnitCount: 0)
+        super.init(task: task)
+    }
+
+    override func reset() {
+        super.reset()
+        uploadProgress = Progress(totalUnitCount: 0)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: URLSessionTaskDelegate
+
+    var taskDidSendBodyData: ((URLSession, URLSessionTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
+
+    func URLSession(
+        _ session: URLSession,
+        task: URLSessionTask,
+        didSendBodyData bytesSent: Int64,
+        totalBytesSent: Int64,
+        totalBytesExpectedToSend: Int64)
+    {
+        if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
+
+        if let taskDidSendBodyData = taskDidSendBodyData {
+            taskDidSendBodyData(session, task, bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
+        } else {
+            uploadProgress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpectedToSend
+            uploadProgress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesSent
+
+            if let uploadProgressHandler = uploadProgressHandler {
+                uploadProgressHandler.queue.async { uploadProgressHandler.closure(self.uploadProgress) }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Timeline.swift

-// Timeline.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  Timeline.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
@@ -37,29 +39,27 @@ public struct Timeline {
     public let serializationCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTime
 
     /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request started to the initial response from the server.
-    public let latency: NSTimeInterval
+    public let latency: TimeInterval
 
     /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request started to the time the request completed.
-    public let requestDuration: NSTimeInterval
+    public let requestDuration: TimeInterval
 
     /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request completed to the time response serialization completed.
-    public let serializationDuration: NSTimeInterval
+    public let serializationDuration: TimeInterval
 
     /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request started to the time response serialization completed.
-    public let totalDuration: NSTimeInterval
-
-    /**
-        Creates a new `Timeline` instance with the specified request times.
-
-        - parameter requestStartTime:           The time the request was initialized. Defaults to `0.0`.
-        - parameter initialResponseTime:        The time the first bytes were received from or sent to the server. 
-                                                Defaults to `0.0`.
-        - parameter requestCompletedTime:       The time when the request was completed. Defaults to `0.0`.
-        - parameter serializationCompletedTime: The time when the response serialization was completed. Defaults 
-                                                to `0.0`.
-
-        - returns: The new `Timeline` instance.
-    */
+    public let totalDuration: TimeInterval
+
+    /// Creates a new `Timeline` instance with the specified request times.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter requestStartTime:           The time the request was initialized. Defaults to `0.0`.
+    /// - parameter initialResponseTime:        The time the first bytes were received from or sent to the server.
+    ///                                         Defaults to `0.0`.
+    /// - parameter requestCompletedTime:       The time when the request was completed. Defaults to `0.0`.
+    /// - parameter serializationCompletedTime: The time when the response serialization was completed. Defaults
+    ///                                         to `0.0`.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The new `Timeline` instance.
     public init(
         requestStartTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0.0,
         initialResponseTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0.0,
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public struct Timeline {
 // MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
 
 extension Timeline: CustomStringConvertible {
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the latency, the request 
+    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the latency, the request
     /// duration and the total duration.
     public var description: String {
         let latency = String(format: "%.3f", self.latency)
@@ -89,35 +89,48 @@ extension Timeline: CustomStringConvertible {
         let serializationDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.serializationDuration)
         let totalDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.totalDuration)
 
+        // NOTE: Had to move to string concatenation due to memory leak filed as rdar://26761490. Once memory leak is
+        // fixed, we should move back to string interpolation by reverting commit 7d4a43b1.
         let timings = [
-            "\"Latency\": \(latency) secs",
-            "\"Request Duration\": \(requestDuration) secs",
-            "\"Serialization Duration\": \(serializationDuration) secs",
-            "\"Total Duration\": \(totalDuration) secs"
+            "\"Latency\": " + latency + " secs",
+            "\"Request Duration\": " + requestDuration + " secs",
+            "\"Serialization Duration\": " + serializationDuration + " secs",
+            "\"Total Duration\": " + totalDuration + " secs"
         ]
 
-        return "Timeline: { \(timings.joinWithSeparator(", ")) }"
+        return "Timeline: { " + timings.joined(separator: ", ") + " }"
     }
 }
 
 // MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
 
 extension Timeline: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the request start time, the 
+    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the request start time, the
     /// initial response time, the request completed time, the serialization completed time, the latency, the request
     /// duration and the total duration.
     public var debugDescription: String {
+        let requestStartTime = String(format: "%.3f", self.requestStartTime)
+        let initialResponseTime = String(format: "%.3f", self.initialResponseTime)
+        let requestCompletedTime = String(format: "%.3f", self.requestCompletedTime)
+        let serializationCompletedTime = String(format: "%.3f", self.serializationCompletedTime)
+        let latency = String(format: "%.3f", self.latency)
+        let requestDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.requestDuration)
+        let serializationDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.serializationDuration)
+        let totalDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.totalDuration)
+
+        // NOTE: Had to move to string concatenation due to memory leak filed as rdar://26761490. Once memory leak is
+        // fixed, we should move back to string interpolation by reverting commit 7d4a43b1.
         let timings = [
-            "\"Request Start Time\": \(requestStartTime)",
-            "\"Initial Response Time\": \(initialResponseTime)",
-            "\"Request Completed Time\": \(requestCompletedTime)",
-            "\"Serialization Completed Time\": \(serializationCompletedTime)",
-            "\"Latency\": \(latency) secs",
-            "\"Request Duration\": \(requestDuration) secs",
-            "\"Serialization Duration\": \(serializationDuration) secs",
-            "\"Total Duration\": \(totalDuration) secs"
+            "\"Request Start Time\": " + requestStartTime,
+            "\"Initial Response Time\": " + initialResponseTime,
+            "\"Request Completed Time\": " + requestCompletedTime,
+            "\"Serialization Completed Time\": " + serializationCompletedTime,
+            "\"Latency\": " + latency + " secs",
+            "\"Request Duration\": " + requestDuration + " secs",
+            "\"Serialization Duration\": " + serializationDuration + " secs",
+            "\"Total Duration\": " + totalDuration + " secs"
         ]
 
-        return "Timeline: { \(timings.joinWithSeparator(", ")) }"
+        return "Timeline: { " + timings.joined(separator: ", ") + " }"
     }
 }

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Upload.swift

-// Upload.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-extension Manager {
-    private enum Uploadable {
-        case Data(NSURLRequest, NSData)
-        case File(NSURLRequest, NSURL)
-        case Stream(NSURLRequest, NSInputStream)
-    }
-
-    private func upload(uploadable: Uploadable) -> Request {
-        var uploadTask: NSURLSessionUploadTask!
-        var HTTPBodyStream: NSInputStream?
-
-        switch uploadable {
-        case .Data(let request, let data):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                uploadTask = self.session.uploadTaskWithRequest(request, fromData: data)
-            }
-        case .File(let request, let fileURL):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                uploadTask = self.session.uploadTaskWithRequest(request, fromFile: fileURL)
-            }
-        case .Stream(let request, let stream):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                uploadTask = self.session.uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest(request)
-            }
-
-            HTTPBodyStream = stream
-        }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: uploadTask)
-
-        if HTTPBodyStream != nil {
-            request.delegate.taskNeedNewBodyStream = { _, _ in
-                return HTTPBodyStream
-            }
-        }
-
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    // MARK: File
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a file to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request
-        - parameter file:       The file to upload
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, file: NSURL) -> Request {
-        return upload(.File(URLRequest.URLRequest, file))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a file to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter file:      The file to upload
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        file: NSURL)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-        return upload(mutableURLRequest, file: file)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Data
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading data to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-        - parameter data:       The data to upload.
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, data: NSData) -> Request {
-        return upload(.Data(URLRequest.URLRequest, data))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading data to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter data:      The data to upload
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        data: NSData)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-
-        return upload(mutableURLRequest, data: data)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Stream
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a stream to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-        - parameter stream:     The stream to upload.
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, stream: NSInputStream) -> Request {
-        return upload(.Stream(URLRequest.URLRequest, stream))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a stream to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter stream:    The stream to upload.
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        stream: NSInputStream)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-
-        return upload(mutableURLRequest, stream: stream)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: MultipartFormData
-
-    /// Default memory threshold used when encoding `MultipartFormData`.
-    public static let MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = 10 * 1024 * 1024
-
-    /**
-        Defines whether the `MultipartFormData` encoding was successful and contains result of the encoding as 
-        associated values.
-
-        - Success: Represents a successful `MultipartFormData` encoding and contains the new `Request` along with 
-                   streaming information.
-        - Failure: Used to represent a failure in the `MultipartFormData` encoding and also contains the encoding 
-                   error.
-    */
-    public enum MultipartFormDataEncodingResult {
-        case Success(request: Request, streamingFromDisk: Bool, streamFileURL: NSURL?)
-        case Failure(ErrorType)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Encodes the `MultipartFormData` and creates a request to upload the result to the specified URL request.
-
-        It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative 
-        payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most 
-        efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to 
-        be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory 
-        footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be 
-        used for larger payloads such as video content.
-
-        The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory 
-        or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
-        encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk 
-        during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding 
-        technique was used.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:                  The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString:               The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:                 The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-        - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                             `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-        - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-        encodingCompletion: (MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-
-        return upload(
-            mutableURLRequest,
-            multipartFormData: multipartFormData,
-            encodingMemoryThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
-            encodingCompletion: encodingCompletion
-        )
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Encodes the `MultipartFormData` and creates a request to upload the result to the specified URL request.
-
-        It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative
-        payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most
-        efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to
-        be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory
-        footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be
-        used for larger payloads such as video content.
-
-        The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory
-        or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
-        encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk
-        during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding
-        technique was used.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest:              The URL request.
-        - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-        - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                             `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-        - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
-        multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-        encodingCompletion: (MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
-    {
-        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)) {
-            let formData = MultipartFormData()
-            multipartFormData(formData)
-
-            let URLRequestWithContentType = URLRequest.URLRequest
-            URLRequestWithContentType.setValue(formData.contentType, forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-
-            let isBackgroundSession = self.session.configuration.identifier != nil
-
-            if formData.contentLength < encodingMemoryThreshold && !isBackgroundSession {
-                do {
-                    let data = try formData.encode()
-                    let encodingResult = MultipartFormDataEncodingResult.Success(
-                        request: self.upload(URLRequestWithContentType, data: data),
-                        streamingFromDisk: false,
-                        streamFileURL: nil
-                    )
-
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        encodingCompletion?(encodingResult)
-                    }
-                } catch {
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        encodingCompletion?(.Failure(error as NSError))
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
-                let tempDirectoryURL = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory())
-                let directoryURL = tempDirectoryURL.URLByAppendingPathComponent("com.alamofire.manager/multipart.form.data")
-                let fileName = NSUUID().UUIDString
-                let fileURL = directoryURL!.URLByAppendingPathComponent(fileName)!
-
-                do {
-                    try fileManager.createDirectoryAtURL(directoryURL!, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
-                    try formData.writeEncodedDataToDisk(fileURL)
-
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        let encodingResult = MultipartFormDataEncodingResult.Success(
-                            request: self.upload(URLRequestWithContentType, file: fileURL),
-                            streamingFromDisk: true,
-                            streamFileURL: fileURL
-                        )
-                        encodingCompletion?(encodingResult)
-                    }
-                } catch {
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        encodingCompletion?(.Failure(error as NSError))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-extension Request {
-
-    // MARK: - UploadTaskDelegate
-
-    class UploadTaskDelegate: DataTaskDelegate {
-        var uploadTask: NSURLSessionUploadTask? { return task as? NSURLSessionUploadTask }
-        var uploadProgress: ((Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)!
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionTaskDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        var taskDidSendBodyData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didSendBodyData bytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToSend: Int64)
-        {
-            if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
-
-            if let taskDidSendBodyData = taskDidSendBodyData {
-                taskDidSendBodyData(session, task, bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
-            } else {
-                progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpectedToSend
-                progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesSent
-
-                uploadProgress?(bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/Alamofire Example/Alamofire/Source/Validation.swift

-// Validation.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//  Validation.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import Foundation
 
 extension Request {
 
-    /**
-        Used to represent whether validation was successful or encountered an error resulting in a failure.
-
-        - Success: The validation was successful.
-        - Failure: The validation failed encountering the provided error.
-    */
-    public enum ValidationResult {
-        case Success
-        case Failure(NSError)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        A closure used to validate a request that takes a URL request and URL response, and returns whether the 
-        request was valid.
-    */
-    public typealias Validation = (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse) -> ValidationResult
-
-    /**
-        Validates the request, using the specified closure.
-
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
-
-        - parameter validation: A closure to validate the request.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func validate(validation: Validation) -> Self {
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock {
-            if let
-                response = self.response where self.delegate.error == nil,
-                case let .Failure(error) = validation(self.request, response)
-            {
-                self.delegate.error = error
-            }
-        }
-
-        return self
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Status Code
-
-    /**
-        Validates that the response has a status code in the specified range.
-
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    // MARK: Helper Types
 
-        - parameter range: The range of acceptable status codes.
+    fileprivate typealias ErrorReason = AFError.ResponseValidationFailureReason
 
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func validate<S: SequenceType where S.Generator.Element == Int>(statusCode acceptableStatusCode: S) -> Self {
-        return validate { _, response in
-            if acceptableStatusCode.contains(response.statusCode) {
-                return .Success
-            } else {
-                let failureReason = "Response status code was unacceptable: \(response.statusCode)"
-                return .Failure(Error.errorWithCode(.StatusCodeValidationFailed, failureReason: failureReason))
-            }
-        }
+    /// Used to represent whether validation was successful or encountered an error resulting in a failure.
+    ///
+    /// - success: The validation was successful.
+    /// - failure: The validation failed encountering the provided error.
+    public enum ValidationResult {
+        case success
+        case failure(Error)
     }
 
-    // MARK: - Content-Type
-
-    private struct MIMEType {
+    fileprivate struct MIMEType {
         let type: String
         let subtype: String
 
+        var isWildcard: Bool { return type == "*" && subtype == "*" }
+
         init?(_ string: String) {
             let components: [String] = {
-                let stripped = string.stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet(NSCharacterSet.whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet())
-                let split = stripped.substringToIndex(stripped.rangeOfString(";")?.startIndex ?? stripped.endIndex)
-                return split.componentsSeparatedByString("/")
+                let stripped = string.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+
+            #if swift(>=3.2)
+                let split = stripped[..<(stripped.range(of: ";")?.lowerBound ?? stripped.endIndex)]
+            #else
+                let split = stripped.substring(to: stripped.range(of: ";")?.lowerBound ?? stripped.endIndex)
+            #endif
+
+                return split.components(separatedBy: "/")
             }()
 
-            if let
-                type = components.first,
-                subtype = components.last
-            {
+            if let type = components.first, let subtype = components.last {
                 self.type = type
                 self.subtype = subtype
             } else {
@@ -109,9 +66,9 @@ extension Request {
             }
         }
 
-        func matches(MIME: MIMEType) -> Bool {
+        func matches(_ mime: MIMEType) -> Bool {
             switch (type, subtype) {
-            case (MIME.type, MIME.subtype), (MIME.type, "*"), ("*", MIME.subtype), ("*", "*"):
+            case (mime.type, mime.subtype), (mime.type, "*"), ("*", mime.subtype), ("*", "*"):
                 return true
             default:
                 return false
@@ -119,71 +76,240 @@ extension Request {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-        Validates that the response has a content type in the specified array.
+    // MARK: Properties
+
+    fileprivate var acceptableStatusCodes: [Int] { return Array(200..<300) }
 
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    fileprivate var acceptableContentTypes: [String] {
+        if let accept = request?.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept") {
+            return accept.components(separatedBy: ",")
+        }
 
-        - parameter contentType: The acceptable content types, which may specify wildcard types and/or subtypes.
+        return ["*/*"]
+    }
 
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func validate<S : SequenceType where S.Generator.Element == String>(contentType acceptableContentTypes: S) -> Self {
-        return validate { _, response in
-            guard let validData = self.delegate.data where validData.length > 0 else { return .Success }
+    // MARK: Status Code
+
+    fileprivate func validate<S: Sequence>(
+        statusCode acceptableStatusCodes: S,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse)
+        -> ValidationResult
+        where S.Iterator.Element == Int
+    {
+        if acceptableStatusCodes.contains(response.statusCode) {
+            return .success
+        } else {
+            let reason: ErrorReason = .unacceptableStatusCode(code: response.statusCode)
+            return .failure(AFError.responseValidationFailed(reason: reason))
+        }
+    }
 
-            if let
-                responseContentType = response.MIMEType,
-                responseMIMEType = MIMEType(responseContentType)
-            {
-                for contentType in acceptableContentTypes {
-                    if let acceptableMIMEType = MIMEType(contentType) where acceptableMIMEType.matches(responseMIMEType) {
-                        return .Success
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                for contentType in acceptableContentTypes {
-                    if let MIMEType = MIMEType(contentType) where MIMEType.type == "*" && MIMEType.subtype == "*" {
-                        return .Success
-                    }
+    // MARK: Content Type
+
+    fileprivate func validate<S: Sequence>(
+        contentType acceptableContentTypes: S,
+        response: HTTPURLResponse,
+        data: Data?)
+        -> ValidationResult
+        where S.Iterator.Element == String
+    {
+        guard let data = data, data.count > 0 else { return .success }
+
+        guard
+            let responseContentType = response.mimeType,
+            let responseMIMEType = MIMEType(responseContentType)
+        else {
+            for contentType in acceptableContentTypes {
+                if let mimeType = MIMEType(contentType), mimeType.isWildcard {
+                    return .success
                 }
             }
 
-            let failureReason: String
+            let error: AFError = {
+                let reason: ErrorReason = .missingContentType(acceptableContentTypes: Array(acceptableContentTypes))
+                return AFError.responseValidationFailed(reason: reason)
+            }()
 
-            if let responseContentType = response.MIMEType {
-                failureReason = (
-                    "Response content type \"\(responseContentType)\" does not match any acceptable " +
-                    "content types: \(acceptableContentTypes)"
-                )
-            } else {
-                failureReason = "Response content type was missing and acceptable content type does not match \"*/*\""
-            }
+            return .failure(error)
+        }
 
-            return .Failure(Error.errorWithCode(.ContentTypeValidationFailed, failureReason: failureReason))
+        for contentType in acceptableContentTypes {
+            if let acceptableMIMEType = MIMEType(contentType), acceptableMIMEType.matches(responseMIMEType) {
+                return .success
+            }
         }
+
+        let error: AFError = {
+            let reason: ErrorReason = .unacceptableContentType(
+                acceptableContentTypes: Array(acceptableContentTypes),
+                responseContentType: responseContentType
+            )
+
+            return AFError.responseValidationFailed(reason: reason)
+        }()
+
+        return .failure(error)
     }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+extension DataRequest {
+    /// A closure used to validate a request that takes a URL request, a URL response and data, and returns whether the
+    /// request was valid.
+    public typealias Validation = (URLRequest?, HTTPURLResponse, Data?) -> ValidationResult
+
+    /// Validates the request, using the specified closure.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter validation: A closure to validate the request.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func validate(_ validation: @escaping Validation) -> Self {
+        let validationExecution: () -> Void = { [unowned self] in
+            if
+                let response = self.response,
+                self.delegate.error == nil,
+                case let .failure(error) = validation(self.request, response, self.delegate.data)
+            {
+                self.delegate.error = error
+            }
+        }
+
+        validations.append(validationExecution)
 
-    // MARK: - Automatic
+        return self
+    }
 
-    /**
-        Validates that the response has a status code in the default acceptable range of 200...299, and that the content 
-        type matches any specified in the Accept HTTP header field.
+    /// Validates that the response has a status code in the specified sequence.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter range: The range of acceptable status codes.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func validate<S: Sequence>(statusCode acceptableStatusCodes: S) -> Self where S.Iterator.Element == Int {
+        return validate { [unowned self] _, response, _ in
+            return self.validate(statusCode: acceptableStatusCodes, response: response)
+        }
+    }
 
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    /// Validates that the response has a content type in the specified sequence.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter contentType: The acceptable content types, which may specify wildcard types and/or subtypes.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func validate<S: Sequence>(contentType acceptableContentTypes: S) -> Self where S.Iterator.Element == String {
+        return validate { [unowned self] _, response, data in
+            return self.validate(contentType: acceptableContentTypes, response: response, data: data)
+        }
+    }
 
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
+    /// Validates that the response has a status code in the default acceptable range of 200...299, and that the content
+    /// type matches any specified in the Accept HTTP header field.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
     public func validate() -> Self {
-        let acceptableStatusCodes: Range<Int> = 200..<300
-        let acceptableContentTypes: [String] = {
-            if let accept = request?.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Accept") {
-                return accept.componentsSeparatedByString(",")
+        return validate(statusCode: self.acceptableStatusCodes).validate(contentType: self.acceptableContentTypes)
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: -
+
+extension DownloadRequest {
+    /// A closure used to validate a request that takes a URL request, a URL response, a temporary URL and a
+    /// destination URL, and returns whether the request was valid.
+    public typealias Validation = (
+        _ request: URLRequest?,
+        _ response: HTTPURLResponse,
+        _ temporaryURL: URL?,
+        _ destinationURL: URL?)
+        -> ValidationResult
+
+    /// Validates the request, using the specified closure.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter validation: A closure to validate the request.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func validate(_ validation: @escaping Validation) -> Self {
+        let validationExecution: () -> Void = { [unowned self] in
+            let request = self.request
+            let temporaryURL = self.downloadDelegate.temporaryURL
+            let destinationURL = self.downloadDelegate.destinationURL
+
+            if
+                let response = self.response,
+                self.delegate.error == nil,
+                case let .failure(error) = validation(request, response, temporaryURL, destinationURL)
+            {
+                self.delegate.error = error
             }
+        }
 
-            return ["*/*"]
-        }()
+        validations.append(validationExecution)
 
-        return validate(statusCode: acceptableStatusCodes).validate(contentType: acceptableContentTypes)
+        return self
+    }
+
+    /// Validates that the response has a status code in the specified sequence.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter range: The range of acceptable status codes.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func validate<S: Sequence>(statusCode acceptableStatusCodes: S) -> Self where S.Iterator.Element == Int {
+        return validate { [unowned self] _, response, _, _ in
+            return self.validate(statusCode: acceptableStatusCodes, response: response)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Validates that the response has a content type in the specified sequence.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - parameter contentType: The acceptable content types, which may specify wildcard types and/or subtypes.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func validate<S: Sequence>(contentType acceptableContentTypes: S) -> Self where S.Iterator.Element == String {
+        return validate { [unowned self] _, response, _, _ in
+            let fileURL = self.downloadDelegate.fileURL
+
+            guard let validFileURL = fileURL else {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseValidationFailed(reason: .dataFileNil))
+            }
+
+            do {
+                let data = try Data(contentsOf: validFileURL)
+                return self.validate(contentType: acceptableContentTypes, response: response, data: data)
+            } catch {
+                return .failure(AFError.responseValidationFailed(reason: .dataFileReadFailed(at: validFileURL)))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Validates that the response has a status code in the default acceptable range of 200...299, and that the content
+    /// type matches any specified in the Accept HTTP header field.
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
+    ///
+    /// - returns: The request.
+    @discardableResult
+    public func validate() -> Self {
+        return validate(statusCode: self.acceptableStatusCodes).validate(contentType: self.acceptableContentTypes)
     }
 }

examples/Alamofire Example/Example/AppDelegate.swift

-// AppDelegate.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014 Alamofire (http://alamofire.org)
+//  AppDelegate.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import UIKit
 
@@ -28,25 +30,35 @@ class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate, UISplitViewControllerDele
     var window: UIWindow?
 
     // MARK: - UIApplicationDelegate
-    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject : AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
-        let splitViewController = self.window!.rootViewController as! UISplitViewController
+
+    func application(
+        _ application: UIApplication,
+        didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey: Any]?)
+        -> Bool
+    {
+        let splitViewController = window!.rootViewController as! UISplitViewController
         let navigationController = splitViewController.viewControllers.last as! UINavigationController
-        navigationController.topViewController?.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = splitViewController.displayModeButtonItem()
+        navigationController.topViewController!.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = splitViewController.displayModeButtonItem
         splitViewController.delegate = self
 
         return true
     }
 
     // MARK: - UISplitViewControllerDelegate
-    func splitViewController(splitViewController: UISplitViewController, collapseSecondaryViewController secondaryViewController: UIViewController, ontoPrimaryViewController primaryViewController: UIViewController) -> Bool {
-        if let secondaryAsNavController = secondaryViewController as? UINavigationController {
-            if let topAsDetailController = secondaryAsNavController.topViewController as? DetailViewController {
-                return topAsDetailController.request == nil
-            }
+
+    func splitViewController(
+        _ splitViewController: UISplitViewController,
+        collapseSecondary secondaryViewController: UIViewController,
+        onto primaryViewController: UIViewController)
+        -> Bool
+    {
+        if
+            let secondaryAsNavController = secondaryViewController as? UINavigationController,
+            let topAsDetailController = secondaryAsNavController.topViewController as? DetailViewController
+        {
+            return topAsDetailController.request == nil
         }
 
         return false
     }
-
 }
-

examples/Alamofire Example/Example/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="6245" systemVersion="13E28" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" initialViewController="H1p-Uh-vWS">
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="9532" systemVersion="15D21" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" initialViewController="H1p-Uh-vWS">
     <dependencies>
-        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="6238"/>
+        <deployment identifier="iOS"/>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="9530"/>
     </dependencies>
     <scenes>
         <!--Master-->
@@ -40,22 +41,22 @@
                     <tableView key="view" clipsSubviews="YES" contentMode="scaleToFill" alwaysBounceVertical="YES" dataMode="static" style="grouped" separatorStyle="default" rowHeight="44" sectionHeaderHeight="10" sectionFooterHeight="10" id="r7i-6Z-zg0">
                         <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="600"/>
                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
-                        <color key="backgroundColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="groupTableViewBackgroundColor"/>
+                        <color key="backgroundColor" red="0.93725490196078431" green="0.93725490196078431" blue="0.95686274509803926" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                         <sections>
                             <tableViewSection headerTitle="Data" id="8cQ-ii-Dz7">
                                 <cells>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="blue" accessoryType="disclosureIndicator" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="Arm-wq-HPj" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="WCw-Qf-5nD">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="114" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="WCw-Qf-5nD" id="37f-cq-3Eg">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="567" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="GET Request" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="Arm-wq-HPj">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="550" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
-                                                    <color key="textColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="darkTextColor"/>
+                                                    <color key="textColor" red="0.0" green="0.0" blue="0.0" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                     <color key="highlightedColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                 </label>
                                             </subviews>
@@ -66,17 +67,17 @@
                                         </connections>
                                     </tableViewCell>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="blue" accessoryType="disclosureIndicator" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="kv2-3k-J9w" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="Bba-qf-fdr">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="158" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="Bba-qf-fdr" id="U5U-eQ-rXg">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="567" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="POST Request" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="kv2-3k-J9w">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="550" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
-                                                    <color key="textColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="darkTextColor"/>
+                                                    <color key="textColor" red="0.0" green="0.0" blue="0.0" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                     <color key="highlightedColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                 </label>
                                             </subviews>
@@ -87,17 +88,17 @@
                                         </connections>
                                     </tableViewCell>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="blue" accessoryType="disclosureIndicator" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="gGF-bI-vhg" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="QdK-ID-hbj">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="202" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="QdK-ID-hbj" id="JxT-sx-VDC">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="567" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="PUT Request" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="gGF-bI-vhg">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="550" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
-                                                    <color key="textColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="darkTextColor"/>
+                                                    <color key="textColor" red="0.0" green="0.0" blue="0.0" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                     <color key="highlightedColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                 </label>
                                             </subviews>
@@ -108,17 +109,17 @@
                                         </connections>
                                     </tableViewCell>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="blue" accessoryType="disclosureIndicator" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="jsW-Zp-fZf" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="Mmy-5X-lLC">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="246" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="Mmy-5X-lLC" id="0eC-Qc-fq1">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="567" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="DELETE Request" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="jsW-Zp-fZf">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="550" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
-                                                    <color key="textColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="darkTextColor"/>
+                                                    <color key="textColor" red="0.0" green="0.0" blue="0.0" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                     <color key="highlightedColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                 </label>
                                             </subviews>
@@ -133,14 +134,14 @@
                             <tableViewSection headerTitle="Upload" id="HR4-nh-1dM">
                                 <cells>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="none" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="tFv-wn-QTG" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="cNY-Vx-8u5">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="333" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="cNY-Vx-8u5" id="yYR-YT-Fse">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="Upload Data" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="tFv-wn-QTG">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="570" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
                                                     <color key="textColor" white="0.66666666666666663" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
@@ -151,14 +152,14 @@
                                         <color key="backgroundColor" white="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
                                     </tableViewCell>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="none" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="Ii5-Vh-zHX" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="xgg-BT-6Gr">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="377" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="xgg-BT-6Gr" id="2eT-D2-puB">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="Upload File" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="Ii5-Vh-zHX">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="570" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
                                                     <color key="textColor" white="0.66666666666666663" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
@@ -169,14 +170,14 @@
                                         <color key="backgroundColor" white="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
                                     </tableViewCell>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="none" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="gzG-92-x5R" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="jNV-fh-84v">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="421" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="jNV-fh-84v" id="52u-Fk-l5Q">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="Upload Stream" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="gzG-92-x5R">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="570" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
                                                     <color key="textColor" white="0.66666666666666663" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
@@ -190,33 +191,35 @@
                             </tableViewSection>
                             <tableViewSection headerTitle="Download" id="7nc-cQ-nUY">
                                 <cells>
-                                    <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="none" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="Gr3-i1-tdE" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="khw-Sk-LOc">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                    <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="blue" accessoryType="disclosureIndicator" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="Gr3-i1-tdE" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="khw-Sk-LOc">
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="508" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="khw-Sk-LOc" id="HO7-NM-pbP">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="567" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="Download Request" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="Gr3-i1-tdE">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="550" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
-                                                    <color key="textColor" white="0.66666666666666663" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
                                                     <color key="highlightedColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                                 </label>
                                             </subviews>
                                         </tableViewCellContentView>
                                         <color key="backgroundColor" white="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
+                                        <connections>
+                                            <segue destination="vC3-pB-5Vb" kind="showDetail" identifier="DOWNLOAD" id="R3Y-Dw-Jtc"/>
+                                        </connections>
                                     </tableViewCell>
                                     <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="none" hidesAccessoryWhenEditing="NO" indentationLevel="1" indentationWidth="0.0" reuseIdentifier="Cell" textLabel="fmT-qD-bf2" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="8hK-B8-VMy">
-                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="86" width="320" height="44"/>
+                                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="552" width="600" height="44"/>
                                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                         <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="8hK-B8-VMy" id="bfY-jx-lTE">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="320" height="43"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="43"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                             <subviews>
                                                 <label opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" text="Download Resume Data" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="fmT-qD-bf2">
-                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="290" height="43"/>
+                                                    <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="570" height="43"/>
                                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                                     <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="boldSystem" pointSize="20"/>
                                                     <color key="textColor" white="0.66666666666666663" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
@@ -269,20 +272,24 @@
                     <tableView key="view" clipsSubviews="YES" contentMode="scaleToFill" alwaysBounceVertical="YES" dataMode="prototypes" style="grouped" separatorStyle="default" allowsSelection="NO" rowHeight="44" sectionHeaderHeight="10" sectionFooterHeight="10" id="uo9-Sd-Gpr">
                         <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="600"/>
                         <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
-                        <color key="backgroundColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="groupTableViewBackgroundColor"/>
+                        <color key="backgroundColor" red="0.93725490196078431" green="0.93725490196078431" blue="0.95686274509803926" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                         <prototypes>
                             <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="default" indentationWidth="10" reuseIdentifier="Header" textLabel="CVi-D2-cds" detailTextLabel="Umi-gS-7r0" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleValue1" id="tsM-dO-McZ">
+                                <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="114" width="600" height="44"/>
                                 <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                 <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="tsM-dO-McZ" id="LQw-cm-GmU">
+                                    <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="43"/>
                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                     <subviews>
                                         <label opaque="NO" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="left" text="Accept" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="CVi-D2-cds">
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="15" y="12" width="52" height="20"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" flexibleMaxX="YES" flexibleMaxY="YES"/>
                                             <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="system" pointSize="16"/>
-                                            <color key="textColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="darkTextColor"/>
+                                            <color key="textColor" red="0.0" green="0.0" blue="0.0" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                             <nil key="highlightedColor"/>
                                         </label>
                                         <label opaque="NO" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="left" text="&quot;text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8&quot;" textAlignment="right" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="Umi-gS-7r0">
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="112" y="12" width="473" height="20"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" flexibleMaxX="YES" flexibleMaxY="YES"/>
                                             <fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="system" pointSize="16"/>
                                             <color key="textColor" red="0.55686274509803924" green="0.55686274509803924" blue="0.57647058823529407" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
@@ -292,15 +299,18 @@
                                 </tableViewCellContentView>
                             </tableViewCell>
                             <tableViewCell contentMode="scaleToFill" selectionStyle="default" indentationWidth="10" reuseIdentifier="Body" textLabel="m1f-qP-FlJ" rowHeight="119" style="IBUITableViewCellStyleDefault" id="N0t-UM-UX3">
+                                <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="158" width="600" height="119"/>
                                 <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                 <tableViewCellContentView key="contentView" opaque="NO" clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="center" tableViewCell="N0t-UM-UX3" id="AxK-Aj-qDS">
+                                    <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="118"/>
                                     <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
                                     <subviews>
                                         <label opaque="NO" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="left" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" numberOfLines="0" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" id="m1f-qP-FlJ">
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="15" y="0.0" width="570" height="118"/>
                                             <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" flexibleMaxX="YES" flexibleMaxY="YES"/>
                                             <string key="text">Lorem ipsum dolor sit er elit lamet, consectetaur cillium adipisicing pecu, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Nam liber te conscient to factor tum poen legum odioque civiuda.</string>
                                             <fontDescription key="fontDescription" name="Courier" family="Courier" pointSize="12"/>
-                                            <color key="textColor" cocoaTouchSystemColor="darkTextColor"/>
+                                            <color key="textColor" red="0.0" green="0.0" blue="0.0" alpha="1" colorSpace="calibratedRGB"/>
                                             <nil key="highlightedColor"/>
                                         </label>
                                     </subviews>
@@ -326,7 +336,7 @@
         <image name="Logo" width="250" height="40"/>
     </resources>
     <inferredMetricsTieBreakers>
-        <segue reference="FoU-a6-nga"/>
+        <segue reference="R3Y-Dw-Jtc"/>
     </inferredMetricsTieBreakers>
     <color key="tintColor" red="0.84313732385635376" green="0.25882354378700256" blue="0.11372549831867218" alpha="1" colorSpace="deviceRGB"/>
 </document>

examples/Alamofire Example/Example/DetailViewController.swift

-// DetailViewController.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014 Alamofire (http://alamofire.org)
+//  DetailViewController.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
-import UIKit
 import Alamofire
+import UIKit
 
 class DetailViewController: UITableViewController {
     enum Sections: Int {
-        case Headers, Body
+        case headers, body
     }
 
     var request: Alamofire.Request? {
         didSet {
             oldValue?.cancel()
 
-            self.title = self.request?.description
-            self.refreshControl?.endRefreshing()
-            self.headers.removeAll()
-            self.body = nil
-            self.elapsedTime = nil
+            title = request?.description
+            refreshControl?.endRefreshing()
+            headers.removeAll()
+            body = nil
+            elapsedTime = nil
         }
     }
 
     var headers: [String: String] = [:]
     var body: String?
-    var elapsedTime: NSTimeInterval?
+    var elapsedTime: TimeInterval?
+    var segueIdentifier: String?
+
+    static let numberFormatter: NumberFormatter = {
+        let formatter = NumberFormatter()
+        formatter.numberStyle = .decimal
+        return formatter
+    }()
+
+    // MARK: View Lifecycle
 
     override func awakeFromNib() {
         super.awakeFromNib()
-        self.refreshControl?.addTarget(self, action: #selector(DetailViewController.refresh), forControlEvents: .ValueChanged)
-
+        refreshControl?.addTarget(self, action: #selector(DetailViewController.refresh), for: .valueChanged)
     }
 
-    // MARK: - UIViewController
-
-    override func viewDidAppear(animated: Bool) {
+    override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
         super.viewDidAppear(animated)
-
-        self.refresh()
+        refresh()
     }
 
-    // MARK: - IBAction
+    // MARK: IBActions
 
     @IBAction func refresh() {
-        if self.request == nil {
+        guard let request = request else {
             return
         }
 
-        self.refreshControl?.beginRefreshing()
+        refreshControl?.beginRefreshing()
 
         let start = CACurrentMediaTime()
-        self.request?.response
-        self.request?.responseString { response in
+
+        let requestComplete: (HTTPURLResponse?, Result<String>) -> Void = { response, result in
             let end = CACurrentMediaTime()
             self.elapsedTime = end - start
 
-            response.response?.allHeaderFields.forEach { field, value in
-                self.headers["\(field)"] = "\(value)"
+            if let response = response {
+                for (field, value) in response.allHeaderFields {
+                    self.headers["\(field)"] = "\(value)"
+                }
             }
 
-            switch response.result {
-            case let .Success(body):
-              self.body = body
-            default:
-              break
+            if let segueIdentifier = self.segueIdentifier {
+                switch segueIdentifier {
+                case "GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE":
+                    self.body = result.value
+                case "DOWNLOAD":
+                    self.body = self.downloadedBodyString()
+                default:
+                    break
+                }
             }
 
             self.tableView.reloadData()
             self.refreshControl?.endRefreshing()
         }
+
+        if let request = request as? DataRequest {
+            request.responseString { response in
+                requestComplete(response.response, response.result)
+            }
+        } else if let request = request as? DownloadRequest {
+            request.responseString { response in
+                requestComplete(response.response, response.result)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func downloadedBodyString() -> String {
+        let fileManager = FileManager.default
+        let cachesDirectory = fileManager.urls(for: .cachesDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)[0]
+
+        do {
+            let contents = try fileManager.contentsOfDirectory(
+                at: cachesDirectory,
+                includingPropertiesForKeys: nil,
+                options: .skipsHiddenFiles
+            )
+
+            if let fileURL = contents.first, let data = try? Data(contentsOf: fileURL) {
+                let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions())
+                let prettyData = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: json, options: .prettyPrinted)
+
+                if let prettyString = String(data: prettyData, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8) {
+                    try fileManager.removeItem(at: fileURL)
+                    return prettyString
+                }
+            }
+        } catch {
+            // No-op
+        }
+
+        return ""
     }
+}
 
-    // MARK: UITableViewDataSource
+// MARK: - UITableViewDataSource
 
-    override func tableView(tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
+extension DetailViewController {
+    override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
         switch Sections(rawValue: section)! {
-        case .Headers:
-            return self.headers.count
-        case .Body:
-            return self.body == nil ? 0 : 1
-        default:
-            return 0
+        case .headers:
+            return headers.count
+        case .body:
+            return body == nil ? 0 : 1
         }
     }
 
-    override func tableView(tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
+    override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
+        switch Sections(rawValue: (indexPath as NSIndexPath).section)! {
+        case .headers:
+            let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "Header")!
+            let field = headers.keys.sorted(by: <)[indexPath.row]
+            let value = headers[field]
 
-        switch Sections(rawValue: indexPath.section)! {
-        case .Headers:
-            let cell = self.tableView.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier("Header")! as UITableViewCell
-            let field = Array(self.headers.keys).sort(<)[indexPath.row]
-            let value = self.headers[field]
-
-            cell.textLabel!.text = field
-            cell.detailTextLabel!.text = value
+            cell.textLabel?.text = field
+            cell.detailTextLabel?.text = value
 
             return cell
-        case .Body:
-            let cell = self.tableView.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier("Body")! as UITableViewCell
-
-            cell.textLabel!.text = self.body
+        case .body:
+            let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "Body")!
+            cell.textLabel?.text = body
 
             return cell
         }
     }
+}
 
-    // MARK: UITableViewDelegate
+// MARK: - UITableViewDelegate
 
-    override func numberOfSectionsInTableView(tableView: UITableView) -> Int {
+extension DetailViewController {
+    override func numberOfSections(in tableView: UITableView) -> Int {
         return 2
     }
 
-    override func tableView(tableView: UITableView, titleForHeaderInSection section: Int) -> String {
+    override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, titleForHeaderInSection section: Int) -> String? {
         if self.tableView(tableView, numberOfRowsInSection: section) == 0 {
             return ""
         }
 
         switch Sections(rawValue: section)! {
-        case .Headers:
+        case .headers:
             return "Headers"
-        case .Body:
+        case .body:
             return "Body"
         }
     }
 
-    override func tableView(tableView: UITableView, heightForRowAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath) -> CGFloat {
-        switch Sections(rawValue: indexPath.section)! {
-        case .Body:
+    override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, heightForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGFloat {
+        switch Sections(rawValue: (indexPath as NSIndexPath).section)! {
+        case .body:
             return 300
         default:
             return tableView.rowHeight
         }
     }
 
-    override func tableView(tableView: UITableView, titleForFooterInSection section: Int) -> String {
-        if Sections(rawValue: section)! == .Body && self.elapsedTime != nil {
-            let numberFormatter = NSNumberFormatter()
-            numberFormatter.numberStyle = .DecimalStyle
-
-            return "Elapsed Time: \(numberFormatter.stringFromNumber(self.elapsedTime!)) sec"
+    override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, titleForFooterInSection section: Int) -> String? {
+        if Sections(rawValue: section) == .body, let elapsedTime = elapsedTime {
+            let elapsedTimeText = DetailViewController.numberFormatter.string(from: elapsedTime as NSNumber) ?? "???"
+            return "Elapsed Time: \(elapsedTimeText) sec"
         }
 
         return ""
     }
 }
-

examples/Alamofire Example/Example/HTTPBin.swift

-// MasterViewController.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014 Alamofire (http://alamofire.org)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-import Alamofire
-
-enum HTTPBinRoute: URLStringConvertible {
-    case Method(Alamofire.Method)
-    case BasicAuth(String, String)
-
-    var URLString: String {
-        let baseURLString = "http://httpbin.org/"
-        let path: String = {
-            switch self {
-            case .Method(let method):
-                return "/\(method.rawValue.lowercaseString)"
-            case .BasicAuth(let user, let password):
-                return "/basic-auth/\(user)/\(password)"
-            }
-        }()
-
-        return NSURL(string: path, relativeToURL: NSURL(string: baseURLString))!.absoluteString!
-    }
-}
-

examples/Alamofire Example/Example/Images.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json

 {
   "images" : [
-    {
-      "idiom" : "iphone",
-      "size" : "20x20",
-      "scale" : "2x"
-    },
-    {
-      "idiom" : "iphone",
-      "size" : "20x20",
-      "scale" : "3x"
-    },
     {
       "idiom" : "iphone",
       "size" : "29x29",
@@ -40,16 +30,6 @@
       "size" : "60x60",
       "scale" : "3x"
     },
-    {
-      "idiom" : "ipad",
-      "size" : "20x20",
-      "scale" : "1x"
-    },
-    {
-      "idiom" : "ipad",
-      "size" : "20x20",
-      "scale" : "2x"
-    },
     {
       "idiom" : "ipad",
       "size" : "29x29",

examples/Alamofire Example/Example/Info.plist

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
 	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
 	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
-	<string>com.alamofire.$(PRODUCT_NAME:rfc1034identifier)</string>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
 	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
 	<string>6.0</string>
 	<key>CFBundleName</key>
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 	<true/>
 	<key>UIMainStoryboardFile</key>
 	<string>Main</string>
+    <key>UILaunchStoryboardName</key>
+    <string>LaunchScreen</string>
 	<key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
 	<array>
 		<string>armv7</string>

examples/Alamofire Example/Example/MasterViewController.swift

-// MasterViewController.swift
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2014 Alamofire (http://alamofire.org)
+//  MasterViewController.swift
 //
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//  Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
 //
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
 //
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
 
-import UIKit
 import Alamofire
+import UIKit
 
 class MasterViewController: UITableViewController {
 
@@ -30,39 +32,59 @@ class MasterViewController: UITableViewController {
     var detailViewController: DetailViewController? = nil
     var objects = NSMutableArray()
 
+    // MARK: - View Lifecycle
+
     override func awakeFromNib() {
         super.awakeFromNib()
 
-        self.navigationItem.titleView = self.titleImageView
+        navigationItem.titleView = titleImageView
     }
 
-    // MARK: - UIViewController
-
     override func viewDidLoad() {
         super.viewDidLoad()
 
-        if let split = self.splitViewController {
+        if let split = splitViewController {
             let controllers = split.viewControllers
-            self.detailViewController = (controllers.last as! UINavigationController).topViewController as? DetailViewController
+
+            if
+                let navigationController = controllers.last as? UINavigationController,
+                let topViewController = navigationController.topViewController as? DetailViewController
+            {
+                detailViewController = topViewController
+            }
         }
     }
 
     // MARK: - UIStoryboardSegue
 
-    override func prepareForSegue(segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: AnyObject?) {
-        if let detailViewController = (segue.destinationViewController as! UINavigationController).topViewController as? DetailViewController {
-            func requestForSegue(segue: UIStoryboardSegue) -> Request? {
-                switch segue.identifier as String! {
-                    case "GET":
-                        return Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get")
-                    case "POST":
-                        return Alamofire.request(.POST, "http://httpbin.org/post")
-                    case "PUT":
-                        return Alamofire.request(.PUT, "http://httpbin.org/put")
-                    case "DELETE":
-                        return Alamofire.request(.DELETE, "http://httpbin.org/delete")
-                    default:
-                        return nil
+    override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
+        if
+            let navigationController = segue.destination as? UINavigationController,
+            let detailViewController = navigationController.topViewController as? DetailViewController
+        {
+            func requestForSegue(_ segue: UIStoryboardSegue) -> Request? {
+                switch segue.identifier! {
+                case "GET":
+                    detailViewController.segueIdentifier = "GET"
+                    return Alamofire.request("https://httpbin.org/get")
+                case "POST":
+                    detailViewController.segueIdentifier = "POST"
+                    return Alamofire.request("https://httpbin.org/post", method: .post)
+                case "PUT":
+                    detailViewController.segueIdentifier = "PUT"
+                    return Alamofire.request("https://httpbin.org/put", method: .put)
+                case "DELETE":
+                    detailViewController.segueIdentifier = "DELETE"
+                    return Alamofire.request("https://httpbin.org/delete", method: .delete)
+                case "DOWNLOAD":
+                    detailViewController.segueIdentifier = "DOWNLOAD"
+                    let destination = DownloadRequest.suggestedDownloadDestination(
+                        for: .cachesDirectory,
+                        in: .userDomainMask
+                    )
+                    return Alamofire.download("https://httpbin.org/stream/1", to: destination)
+                default:
+                    return nil
                 }
             }
 

examples/Alamofire Example/iOS Example.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 		F8111E0F19A951050040E7D1 /* DetailViewController.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F8111E0E19A951050040E7D1 /* DetailViewController.swift */; };
 		F8111E1219A951050040E7D1 /* Main.storyboard in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F8111E1019A951050040E7D1 /* Main.storyboard */; };
 		F8111E1419A951050040E7D1 /* Images.xcassets in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F8111E1319A951050040E7D1 /* Images.xcassets */; };
-		F8E6024019CB3C0700A3E7F1 /* HTTPBin.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F8E6023F19CB3C0700A3E7F1 /* HTTPBin.swift */; };
 /* End PBXBuildFile section */
 
 /* Begin PBXFileReference section */
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@
 		F8111E0E19A951050040E7D1 /* DetailViewController.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = DetailViewController.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		F8111E1119A951050040E7D1 /* Base */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = file.storyboard; name = Base; path = Base.lproj/Main.storyboard; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		F8111E1319A951050040E7D1 /* Images.xcassets */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = folder.assetcatalog; path = Images.xcassets; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
-		F8E6023F19CB3C0700A3E7F1 /* HTTPBin.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = HTTPBin.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 /* End PBXFileReference section */
 
 /* Begin PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
@@ -83,7 +81,6 @@
 				F8111E0A19A951050040E7D1 /* AppDelegate.swift */,
 				F8111E0C19A951050040E7D1 /* MasterViewController.swift */,
 				F8111E0E19A951050040E7D1 /* DetailViewController.swift */,
-				F8E6023F19CB3C0700A3E7F1 /* HTTPBin.swift */,
 				F8111E1019A951050040E7D1 /* Main.storyboard */,
 				F8111E1319A951050040E7D1 /* Images.xcassets */,
 				F8111E0819A951050040E7D1 /* Supporting Files */,
@@ -228,7 +225,6 @@
 			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
 			files = (
 				F8111E0F19A951050040E7D1 /* DetailViewController.swift in Sources */,
-				F8E6024019CB3C0700A3E7F1 /* HTTPBin.swift in Sources */,
 				F8111E0D19A951050040E7D1 /* MasterViewController.swift in Sources */,
 				F8111E0B19A951050040E7D1 /* AppDelegate.swift in Sources */,
 			);
@@ -336,7 +332,7 @@
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = "$(SRCROOT)/Example/Info.plist";
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "iOS Example";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Debug;
 		};
@@ -349,7 +345,7 @@
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = "$(SRCROOT)/Example/Info.plist";
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "iOS Example";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Release;
 		};

examples/HeaderMappingsDir Example/HeaderMappingsDir Example.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 			isa = PBXProject;
 			attributes = {
 				LastSwiftUpdateCheck = 0730;
-				LastUpgradeCheck = 0730;
+				LastUpgradeCheck = 0920;
 				ORGANIZATIONNAME = CocoaPods;
 				TargetAttributes = {
 					295BB55D1CEA95DE00E79F82 = {
@@ -221,13 +221,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = "-";
@@ -254,6 +262,7 @@
 				ONLY_ACTIVE_ARCH = YES;
 				SDKROOT = macosx;
 				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Onone";
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Debug;
 		};
@@ -266,13 +275,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = "-";
@@ -291,6 +308,8 @@
 				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 10.11;
 				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
 				SDKROOT = macosx;
+				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Owholemodule";
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Release;
 		};
@@ -304,7 +323,6 @@
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/../Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "org.cocoapods.HeaderMappingsDir-Example";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
 			};
 			name = Debug;
 		};
@@ -318,7 +336,6 @@
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/../Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "org.cocoapods.HeaderMappingsDir-Example";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
 			};
 			name = Release;
 		};

examples/HeaderMappingsDir Example/HeaderMappingsDir Example.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/HeaderMappingsDir Example.xcscheme

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "0730"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0920"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
       <Testables>
       </Testables>
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       launchStyle = "0"
       useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
       ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"

examples/Resource Bundle Example/Resource Bundle Example.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
 		A8C77C471C9DA931000AFF69 /* Project object */ = {
 			isa = PBXProject;
 			attributes = {
-				LastUpgradeCheck = 0720;
+				LastUpgradeCheck = 0920;
 				ORGANIZATIONNAME = Example;
 				TargetAttributes = {
 					A8C77C4E1C9DA931000AFF69 = {
@@ -272,13 +272,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -316,13 +324,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -350,13 +366,14 @@
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
 			baseConfigurationReference = 10B8F5D36339B23370337CC5 /* Pods-Resource Bundle Example.debug.xcconfig */;
 			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_EMBED_SWIFT_STANDARD_LIBRARIES = YES;
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = "Resource Bundle Example/Info.plist";
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 8.0;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "com.example.Resource-Bundle-Example";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Debug;
 		};
@@ -364,13 +381,14 @@
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
 			baseConfigurationReference = FB8DF5F89FA0B0BDC30AAAFD /* Pods-Resource Bundle Example.release.xcconfig */;
 			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_EMBED_SWIFT_STANDARD_LIBRARIES = YES;
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = "Resource Bundle Example/Info.plist";
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 8.0;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "com.example.Resource-Bundle-Example";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Release;
 		};

examples/Resource Bundle Example/Resource Bundle Example.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/Resource Bundle Example.xcscheme

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "0720"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0920"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
       <Testables>
       </Testables>
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       launchStyle = "0"
       useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
       ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"

examples/TestInclusions/TestInclusions.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
 		F58833C71CBBC0C9007D4DA4 /* Project object */ = {
 			isa = PBXProject;
 			attributes = {
-				LastUpgradeCheck = 0730;
+				LastUpgradeCheck = 0920;
 				ORGANIZATIONNAME = Swrve;
 				TargetAttributes = {
 					F58833CE1CBBC0C9007D4DA4 = {
@@ -539,13 +539,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -584,13 +592,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -620,7 +636,7 @@
 			buildSettings = {
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = TestInclusions/Info.plist;
-				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 6.0;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 9.0;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.swrve.TestInclusions;
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
@@ -633,7 +649,7 @@
 			buildSettings = {
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = TestInclusions/Info.plist;
-				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 6.0;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 9.0;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.swrve.TestInclusions;
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";

examples/TestInclusions/TestInclusions.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/TestInclusions.xcscheme

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "0730"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0920"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
       <Testables>
          <TestableReference
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       launchStyle = "0"
       useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
       ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"

examples/Vendored Framework Example/Vendored Framework Example.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 			isa = PBXProject;
 			attributes = {
 				LastSwiftUpdateCheck = 0730;
-				LastUpgradeCheck = 0730;
+				LastUpgradeCheck = 0920;
 				ORGANIZATIONNAME = CocoaPods;
 				TargetAttributes = {
 					5CAF4FE71CC1125900B44520 = {
@@ -254,13 +254,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -300,13 +308,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -325,6 +341,7 @@
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 9.3;
 				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
 				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
+				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Owholemodule";
 				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
 				VALIDATE_PRODUCT = YES;
 			};
@@ -339,7 +356,7 @@
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "org.cocoapods.Vendored-Framework-Example";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Debug;
 		};
@@ -352,7 +369,7 @@
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "org.cocoapods.Vendored-Framework-Example";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Release;
 		};

examples/Vendored Framework Example/Vendored Framework Example.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/Vendored Framework Example.xcscheme

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "0730"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0920"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
       <Testables>
       </Testables>
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       launchStyle = "0"
       useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
       ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"

examples/Vendored Framework Example/Vendored Framework Example/AppDelegate.swift

@@ -11,36 +11,4 @@ import UIKit
 @UIApplicationMain
 class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
 
-    var window: UIWindow?
-
-
-    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
-        // Override point for customization after application launch.
-        return true
-    }
-
-    func applicationWillResignActive(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Sent when the application is about to move from active to inactive state. This can occur for certain types of temporary interruptions (such as an incoming phone call or SMS message) or when the user quits the application and it begins the transition to the background state.
-        // Use this method to pause ongoing tasks, disable timers, and throttle down OpenGL ES frame rates. Games should use this method to pause the game.
-    }
-
-    func applicationDidEnterBackground(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Use this method to release shared resources, save user data, invalidate timers, and store enough application state information to restore your application to its current state in case it is terminated later.
-        // If your application supports background execution, this method is called instead of applicationWillTerminate: when the user quits.
-    }
-
-    func applicationWillEnterForeground(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Called as part of the transition from the background to the inactive state; here you can undo many of the changes made on entering the background.
-    }
-
-    func applicationDidBecomeActive(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
-    }
-
-    func applicationWillTerminate(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Called when the application is about to terminate. Save data if appropriate. See also applicationDidEnterBackground:.
-    }
-
-
 }
-

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Alamofire.podspec

-Pod::Spec.new do |s|
-  s.name = 'Alamofire'
-  s.version = '3.3.0'
-  s.license = 'MIT'
-  s.summary = 'Elegant HTTP Networking in Swift'
-  s.homepage = 'https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire'
-  s.social_media_url = 'http://twitter.com/AlamofireSF'
-  s.authors = { 'Alamofire Software Foundation' => 'info@alamofire.org' }
-  s.source = { :git => 'https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git', :tag => s.version }
-
-  s.ios.deployment_target = '8.0'
-  s.osx.deployment_target = '10.9'
-  s.tvos.deployment_target = '9.0'
-  s.watchos.deployment_target = '2.0'
-
-  s.source_files = 'Source/*.swift'
-end

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/LICENSE

-Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-THE SOFTWARE.

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/README.md

-![Alamofire: Elegant Networking in Swift](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/assets/alamofire.png)
-
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Alamofire/Alamofire.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/Alamofire/Alamofire)
-[![CocoaPods Compatible](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/Alamofire.svg)](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/Alamofire.svg)
-[![Carthage Compatible](https://img.shields.io/badge/Carthage-compatible-4BC51D.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage)
-[![Platform](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/p/Alamofire.svg?style=flat)](http://cocoadocs.org/docsets/Alamofire)
-[![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@AlamofireSF-blue.svg?style=flat)](http://twitter.com/AlamofireSF)
-
-Alamofire is an HTTP networking library written in Swift.
-
-## Features
-
-- [x] Chainable Request / Response methods
-- [x] URL / JSON / plist Parameter Encoding
-- [x] Upload File / Data / Stream / MultipartFormData
-- [x] Download using Request or Resume data
-- [x] Authentication with NSURLCredential
-- [x] HTTP Response Validation
-- [x] TLS Certificate and Public Key Pinning
-- [x] Progress Closure & NSProgress
-- [x] cURL Debug Output
-- [x] Comprehensive Unit Test Coverage
-- [x] [Complete Documentation](http://cocoadocs.org/docsets/Alamofire)
-
-## Component Libraries
-
-In order to keep Alamofire focused specifically on core networking implementations, additional component libraries have been created by the [Alamofire Software Foundation](https://github.com/Alamofire/Foundation) to bring additional functionality to the Alamofire ecosystem.
-
-* [AlamofireImage](https://github.com/Alamofire/AlamofireImage) - An image library including image response serializers, `UIImage` and `UIImageView` extensions, custom image filters, an auto-purging in-memory cache and a priority-based image downloading system.
-* [AlamofireNetworkActivityIndicator](https://github.com/Alamofire/AlamofireNetworkActivityIndicator) - Controls the visibility of the network activity indicator on iOS using Alamofire. It contains configurable delay timers to help mitigate flicker and can support `NSURLSession` instances not managed by Alamofire.
-
-## Requirements
-
-- iOS 8.0+ / Mac OS X 10.9+ / tvOS 9.0+ / watchOS 2.0+
-- Xcode 7.2+
-
-## Migration Guides
-
-- [Alamofire 3.0 Migration Guide](https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/blob/master/Documentation/Alamofire%203.0%20Migration%20Guide.md)
-- [Alamofire 2.0 Migration Guide](https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/blob/master/Documentation/Alamofire%202.0%20Migration%20Guide.md)
-
-## Communication
-
-- If you **need help**, use [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/alamofire). (Tag 'alamofire')
-- If you'd like to **ask a general question**, use [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/alamofire).
-- If you **found a bug**, open an issue.
-- If you **have a feature request**, open an issue.
-- If you **want to contribute**, submit a pull request.
-
-## Installation
-
-> **Embedded frameworks require a minimum deployment target of iOS 8 or OS X Mavericks (10.9).**
->
-> Alamofire is no longer supported on iOS 7 due to the lack of support for frameworks. Without frameworks, running Travis-CI against iOS 7 would require a second duplicated test target. The separate test suite would need to import all the Swift files and the tests would need to be duplicated and re-written. This split would be too difficult to maintain to ensure the highest possible quality of the Alamofire ecosystem.
-
-### CocoaPods
-
-[CocoaPods](http://cocoapods.org) is a dependency manager for Cocoa projects. You can install it with the following command:
-
-```bash
-$ gem install cocoapods
-```
-
-> CocoaPods 0.39.0+ is required to build Alamofire 3.0.0+.
-
-To integrate Alamofire into your Xcode project using CocoaPods, specify it in your `Podfile`:
-
-```ruby
-source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
-platform :ios, '8.0'
-use_frameworks!
-
-pod 'Alamofire', '~> 3.0'
-```
-
-Then, run the following command:
-
-```bash
-$ pod install
-```
-
-### Carthage
-
-[Carthage](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage) is a decentralized dependency manager that builds your dependencies and provides you with binary frameworks.
-
-You can install Carthage with [Homebrew](http://brew.sh/) using the following command:
-
-```bash
-$ brew update
-$ brew install carthage
-```
-
-To integrate Alamofire into your Xcode project using Carthage, specify it in your `Cartfile`:
-
-```ogdl
-github "Alamofire/Alamofire" ~> 3.0
-```
-
-Run `carthage update` to build the framework and drag the built `Alamofire.framework` into your Xcode project.
-
-### Manually
-
-If you prefer not to use either of the aforementioned dependency managers, you can integrate Alamofire into your project manually.
-
-#### Embedded Framework
-
-- Open up Terminal, `cd` into your top-level project directory, and run the following command "if" your project is not initialized as a git repository:
-
-```bash
-$ git init
-```
-
-- Add Alamofire as a git [submodule](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-submodule) by running the following command:
-
-```bash
-$ git submodule add https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git
-```
-
-- Open the new `Alamofire` folder, and drag the `Alamofire.xcodeproj` into the Project Navigator of your application's Xcode project.
-
-    > It should appear nested underneath your application's blue project icon. Whether it is above or below all the other Xcode groups does not matter.
-
-- Select the `Alamofire.xcodeproj` in the Project Navigator and verify the deployment target matches that of your application target.
-- Next, select your application project in the Project Navigator (blue project icon) to navigate to the target configuration window and select the application target under the "Targets" heading in the sidebar.
-- In the tab bar at the top of that window, open the "General" panel.
-- Click on the `+` button under the "Embedded Binaries" section.
-- You will see two different `Alamofire.xcodeproj` folders each with two different versions of the `Alamofire.framework` nested inside a `Products` folder.
-
-    > It does not matter which `Products` folder you choose from, but it does matter whether you choose the top or bottom `Alamofire.framework`. 
-    
-- Select the top `Alamofire.framework` for iOS and the bottom one for OS X.
-
-    > You can verify which one you selected by inspecting the build log for your project. The build target for `Alamofire` will be listed as either `Alamofire iOS` or `Alamofire OSX`.
-
-- And that's it!
-
-> The `Alamofire.framework` is automagically added as a target dependency, linked framework and embedded framework in a copy files build phase which is all you need to build on the simulator and a device.
-
----
-
-## Usage
-
-### Making a Request
-
-```swift
-import Alamofire
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-```
-
-### Response Handling
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             print(response.request)  // original URL request
-             print(response.response) // URL response
-             print(response.data)     // server data
-             print(response.result)   // result of response serialization
-
-             if let JSON = response.result.value {
-                 print("JSON: \(JSON)")
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-> Networking in Alamofire is done _asynchronously_. Asynchronous programming may be a source of frustration to programmers unfamiliar with the concept, but there are [very good reasons](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/qa/qa1693/_index.html) for doing it this way.
-
-> Rather than blocking execution to wait for a response from the server, a [callback](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callback_%28computer_programming%29) is specified to handle the response once it's received. The result of a request is only available inside the scope of a response handler. Any execution contingent on the response or data received from the server must be done within a handler.
-
-### Response Serialization
-
-**Built-in Response Methods**
-
-- `response()`
-- `responseData()`
-- `responseString(encoding: NSStringEncoding)`
-- `responseJSON(options: NSJSONReadingOptions)`
-- `responsePropertyList(options: NSPropertyListReadOptions)`
-
-#### Response Handler
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .response { request, response, data, error in
-             print(request)
-             print(response)
-             print(data)
-             print(error)
-          }
-```
-
-> The `response` serializer does NOT evaluate any of the response data. It merely forwards on all the information directly from the URL session delegate. We strongly encourage you to leverage the other response serializers taking advantage of `Response` and `Result` types.
-
-#### Response Data Handler
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .responseData { response in
-             print(response.request)
-             print(response.response)
-             print(response.result)
-          }
-```
-
-#### Response String Handler
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-         .responseString { response in
-             print("Success: \(response.result.isSuccess)")
-             print("Response String: \(response.result.value)")
-         }
-```
-
-#### Response JSON Handler
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Chained Response Handlers
-
-Response handlers can even be chained:
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-         .responseString { response in
-             print("Response String: \(response.result.value)")
-         }
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             print("Response JSON: \(response.result.value)")
-         }
-```
-
-### HTTP Methods
-
-`Alamofire.Method` lists the HTTP methods defined in [RFC 7231 §4.3](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3):
-
-```swift
-public enum Method: String {
-    case OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT
-}
-```
-
-These values can be passed as the first argument of the `Alamofire.request` method:
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post")
-
-Alamofire.request(.PUT, "https://httpbin.org/put")
-
-Alamofire.request(.DELETE, "https://httpbin.org/delete")
-```
-
-### Parameters
-
-#### GET Request With URL-Encoded Parameters
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-// https://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar
-```
-
-#### POST Request With URL-Encoded Parameters
-
-```swift
-let parameters = [
-    "foo": "bar",
-    "baz": ["a", 1],
-    "qux": [
-        "x": 1,
-        "y": 2,
-        "z": 3
-    ]
-]
-
-Alamofire.request(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", parameters: parameters)
-// HTTP body: foo=bar&baz[]=a&baz[]=1&qux[x]=1&qux[y]=2&qux[z]=3
-```
-
-### Parameter Encoding
-
-Parameters can also be encoded as JSON, Property List, or any custom format, using the `ParameterEncoding` enum:
-
-```swift
-enum ParameterEncoding {
-    case URL
-    case URLEncodedInURL
-    case JSON
-    case PropertyList(format: NSPropertyListFormat, options: NSPropertyListWriteOptions)
-    case Custom((URLRequestConvertible, [String: AnyObject]?) -> (NSMutableURLRequest, NSError?))
-
-    func encode(request: NSURLRequest, parameters: [String: AnyObject]?) -> (NSURLRequest, NSError?)
-    { ... }
-}
-```
-
-- `URL`: A query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query for `GET`, `HEAD`, and `DELETE` requests, or set as the body for requests with any other HTTP method. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request with HTTP body is set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`. _Since there is no published specification for how to encode collection types, Alamofire follows the convention of appending `[]` to the key for array values (`foo[]=1&foo[]=2`), and appending the key surrounded by square brackets for nested dictionary values (`foo[bar]=baz`)._
-- `URLEncodedInURL`: Creates query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query. Uses the same implementation as the `.URL` case, but always applies the encoded result to the URL.
-- `JSON`: Uses `NSJSONSerialization` to create a JSON representation of the parameters object, which is set as the body of the request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is set to `application/json`.
-- `PropertyList`: Uses `NSPropertyListSerialization` to create a plist representation of the parameters object, according to the associated format and write options values, which is set as the body of the request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is set to `application/x-plist`.
-- `Custom`: Uses the associated closure value to construct a new request given an existing request and parameters.
-
-#### Manual Parameter Encoding of an NSURLRequest
-
-```swift
-let URL = NSURL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!
-var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL)
-
-let parameters = ["foo": "bar"]
-let encoding = Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.URL
-(request, _) = encoding.encode(request, parameters: parameters)
-```
-
-#### POST Request with JSON-encoded Parameters
-
-```swift
-let parameters = [
-    "foo": [1,2,3],
-    "bar": [
-        "baz": "qux"
-    ]
-]
-
-Alamofire.request(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", parameters: parameters, encoding: .JSON)
-// HTTP body: {"foo": [1, 2, 3], "bar": {"baz": "qux"}}
-```
-
-### HTTP Headers
-
-Adding a custom HTTP header to a `Request` is supported directly in the global `request` method. This makes it easy to attach HTTP headers to a `Request` that can be constantly changing.
-
-> For HTTP headers that do not change, it is recommended to set them on the `NSURLSessionConfiguration` so they are automatically applied to any `NSURLSessionTask` created by the underlying `NSURLSession`.
-
-```swift
-let headers = [
-    "Authorization": "Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==",
-    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
-]
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", headers: headers)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-### Caching
-
-Caching is handled on the system framework level by [`NSURLCache`](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLCache_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/NSURLCache).
-
-### Uploading
-
-**Supported Upload Types**
-
-- File
-- Data
-- Stream
-- MultipartFormData
-
-#### Uploading a File
-
-```swift
-let fileURL = NSBundle.mainBundle().URLForResource("Default", withExtension: "png")
-Alamofire.upload(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", file: fileURL)
-```
-
-#### Uploading with Progress
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.upload(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", file: fileURL)
-         .progress { bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite in
-             print(totalBytesWritten)
-
-             // This closure is NOT called on the main queue for performance
-             // reasons. To update your ui, dispatch to the main queue.
-             dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                 print("Total bytes written on main queue: \(totalBytesWritten)")
-             }
-         }
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Uploading MultipartFormData
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.upload(
-    .POST,
-    "https://httpbin.org/post",
-    multipartFormData: { multipartFormData in
-        multipartFormData.appendBodyPart(fileURL: unicornImageURL, name: "unicorn")
-        multipartFormData.appendBodyPart(fileURL: rainbowImageURL, name: "rainbow")
-    },
-    encodingCompletion: { encodingResult in
-    	switch encodingResult {
-    	case .Success(let upload, _, _):
-            upload.responseJSON { response in
-                debugPrint(response)
-            }
-    	case .Failure(let encodingError):
-    	    print(encodingError)
-    	}
-    }
-)
-```
-
-### Downloading
-
-**Supported Download Types**
-
-- Request
-- Resume Data
-
-#### Downloading a File
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100") { temporaryURL, response in
-    let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
-    let directoryURL = fileManager.URLsForDirectory(.DocumentDirectory, inDomains: .UserDomainMask)[0]
-    let pathComponent = response.suggestedFilename
-
-    return directoryURL.URLByAppendingPathComponent(pathComponent!)
-}
-```
-
-#### Using the Default Download Destination
-
-```swift
-let destination = Alamofire.Request.suggestedDownloadDestination(directory: .DocumentDirectory, domain: .UserDomainMask)
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-```
-
-#### Downloading a File w/Progress
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-         .progress { bytesRead, totalBytesRead, totalBytesExpectedToRead in
-             print(totalBytesRead)
-
-             // This closure is NOT called on the main queue for performance
-             // reasons. To update your ui, dispatch to the main queue.
-             dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                 print("Total bytes read on main queue: \(totalBytesRead)")
-             }
-         }
-         .response { _, _, _, error in
-             if let error = error {
-                 print("Failed with error: \(error)")
-             } else {
-                 print("Downloaded file successfully")
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-#### Accessing Resume Data for Failed Downloads
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-         .response { _, _, data, _ in
-             if let
-                 data = data,
-                 resumeDataString = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
-             {
-                 print("Resume Data: \(resumeDataString)")
-             } else {
-                 print("Resume Data was empty")
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-> The `data` parameter is automatically populated with the `resumeData` if available.
-
-```swift
-let download = Alamofire.download(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
-download.response { _, _, _, _ in
-    if let
-        resumeData = download.resumeData,
-        resumeDataString = NSString(data: resumeData, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
-    {
-        print("Resume Data: \(resumeDataString)")
-    } else {
-        print("Resume Data was empty")
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Authentication
-
-Authentication is handled on the system framework level by [`NSURLCredential` and `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge`](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLAuthenticationChallenge_Class/Reference/Reference.html).
-
-**Supported Authentication Schemes**
-
-- [HTTP Basic](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
-- [HTTP Digest](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_access_authentication)
-- [Kerberos](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_%28protocol%29)
-- [NTLM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NT_LAN_Manager)
-
-#### HTTP Basic Authentication
-
-The `authenticate` method on a `Request` will automatically provide an `NSURLCredential` to an `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge` when appropriate:
-
-```swift
-let user = "user"
-let password = "password"
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/\(user)/\(password)")
-         .authenticate(user: user, password: password)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-Depending upon your server implementation, an `Authorization` header may also be appropriate:
-
-```swift
-let user = "user"
-let password = "password"
-
-let credentialData = "\(user):\(password)".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!
-let base64Credentials = credentialData.base64EncodedStringWithOptions([])
-
-let headers = ["Authorization": "Basic \(base64Credentials)"]
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/password", headers: headers)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Authentication with NSURLCredential
-
-```swift
-let user = "user"
-let password = "password"
-
-let credential = NSURLCredential(user: user, password: password, persistence: .ForSession)
-
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/\(user)/\(password)")
-         .authenticate(usingCredential: credential)
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-### Validation
-
-By default, Alamofire treats any completed request to be successful, regardless of the content of the response. Calling `validate` before a response handler causes an error to be generated if the response had an unacceptable status code or MIME type.
-
-#### Manual Validation
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .validate(statusCode: 200..<300)
-         .validate(contentType: ["application/json"])
-         .response { response in
-             print(response)
-         }
-```
-
-#### Automatic Validation
-
-Automatically validates status code within `200...299` range, and that the `Content-Type` header of the response matches the `Accept` header of the request, if one is provided.
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .validate()
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             switch response.result {
-             case .Success:
-                 print("Validation Successful")
-             case .Failure(let error):
-                 print(error)
-             }
-         }
-```
-
-### Timeline
-
-Alamofire collects timings throughout the lifecycle of a `Request` and creates a `Timeline` object exposed as a property on a `Response`.
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-         .validate()
-         .responseJSON { response in
-             print(response.timeline)
-         }
-```
-
-The above reports the following `Timeline` info:
-
-- `Latency`: 0.428 seconds
-- `Request Duration`: 0.428 seconds
-- `Serialization Duration`: 0.001 seconds
-- `Total Duration`: 0.429 seconds
-
-### Printable
-
-```swift
-let request = Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/ip")
-
-print(request)
-// GET https://httpbin.org/ip (200)
-```
-
-### DebugPrintable
-
-```swift
-let request = Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
-
-debugPrint(request)
-```
-
-#### Output (cURL)
-
-```bash
-$ curl -i \
-	-H "User-Agent: Alamofire" \
-	-H "Accept-Encoding: Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0,compress;q=0.5" \
-	-H "Accept-Language: en;q=1.0,fr;q=0.9,de;q=0.8,zh-Hans;q=0.7,zh-Hant;q=0.6,ja;q=0.5" \
-	"https://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar"
-```
-
----
-
-## Advanced Usage
-
-> Alamofire is built on `NSURLSession` and the Foundation URL Loading System. To make the most of
-this framework, it is recommended that you be familiar with the concepts and capabilities of the underlying networking stack.
-
-**Recommended Reading**
-
-- [URL Loading System Programming Guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/URLLoadingSystem/URLLoadingSystem.html)
-- [NSURLSession Class Reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Foundation/Reference/NSURLSession_class/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/NSURLSession)
-- [NSURLCache Class Reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLCache_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/NSURLCache)
-- [NSURLAuthenticationChallenge Class Reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLAuthenticationChallenge_Class/Reference/Reference.html)
-
-### Manager
-
-Top-level convenience methods like `Alamofire.request` use a shared instance of `Alamofire.Manager`, which is configured with the default `NSURLSessionConfiguration`.
-
-As such, the following two statements are equivalent:
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/get")
-```
-
-```swift
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager.sharedInstance
-manager.request(NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!))
-```
-
-Applications can create managers for background and ephemeral sessions, as well as new managers that customize the default session configuration, such as for default headers (`HTTPAdditionalHeaders`) or timeout interval (`timeoutIntervalForRequest`).
-
-#### Creating a Manager with Default Configuration
-
-```swift
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-#### Creating a Manager with Background Configuration
-
-```swift
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.backgroundSessionConfigurationWithIdentifier("com.example.app.background")
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-#### Creating a Manager with Ephemeral Configuration
-
-```swift
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.ephemeralSessionConfiguration()
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-#### Modifying Session Configuration
-
-```swift
-var defaultHeaders = Alamofire.Manager.sharedInstance.session.configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders ?? [:]
-defaultHeaders["DNT"] = "1 (Do Not Track Enabled)"
-
-let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
-configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders = defaultHeaders
-
-let manager = Alamofire.Manager(configuration: configuration)
-```
-
-> This is **not** recommended for `Authorization` or `Content-Type` headers. Instead, use `URLRequestConvertible` and `ParameterEncoding`, respectively.
-
-### Request
-
-The result of a `request`, `upload`, or `download` method is an instance of `Alamofire.Request`. A request is always created using a constructor method from an owning manager, and never initialized directly.
-
-Methods like `authenticate`, `validate` and `responseData` return the caller in order to facilitate chaining.
-
-Requests can be suspended, resumed, and cancelled:
-
-- `suspend()`: Suspends the underlying task and dispatch queue
-- `resume()`: Resumes the underlying task and dispatch queue. If the owning manager does not have `startRequestsImmediately` set to `true`, the request must call `resume()` in order to start.
-- `cancel()`: Cancels the underlying task, producing an error that is passed to any registered response handlers.
-
-### Response Serialization
-
-#### Creating a Custom Response Serializer
-
-Alamofire provides built-in response serialization for strings, JSON, and property lists, but others can be added in extensions on `Alamofire.Request`.
-
-For example, here's how a response handler using [Ono](https://github.com/mattt/Ono) might be implemented:
-
-```swift
-extension Request {
-    public static func XMLResponseSerializer() -> ResponseSerializer<ONOXMLDocument, NSError> {
-        return ResponseSerializer { request, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            guard let validData = data else {
-                let failureReason = "Data could not be serialized. Input data was nil."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.DataSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-
-            do {
-                let XML = try ONOXMLDocument(data: validData)
-                return .Success(XML)
-            } catch {
-                return .Failure(error as NSError)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public func responseXMLDocument(completionHandler: Response<ONOXMLDocument, NSError> -> Void) -> Self {
-        return response(responseSerializer: Request.XMLResponseSerializer(), completionHandler: completionHandler)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-#### Generic Response Object Serialization
-
-Generics can be used to provide automatic, type-safe response object serialization.
-
-```swift
-public protocol ResponseObjectSerializable {
-    init?(response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject)
-}
-
-extension Request {
-    public func responseObject<T: ResponseObjectSerializable>(completionHandler: Response<T, NSError> -> Void) -> Self {
-        let responseSerializer = ResponseSerializer<T, NSError> { request, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            let JSONResponseSerializer = Request.JSONResponseSerializer(options: .AllowFragments)
-            let result = JSONResponseSerializer.serializeResponse(request, response, data, error)
-
-            switch result {
-            case .Success(let value):
-                if let
-                    response = response,
-                    responseObject = T(response: response, representation: value)
-                {
-                    return .Success(responseObject)
-                } else {
-                    let failureReason = "JSON could not be serialized into response object: \(value)"
-                    let error = Error.errorWithCode(.JSONSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                    return .Failure(error)
-                }
-            case .Failure(let error):
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return response(responseSerializer: responseSerializer, completionHandler: completionHandler)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-final class User: ResponseObjectSerializable {
-    let username: String
-    let name: String
-
-    init?(response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) {
-        self.username = response.URL!.lastPathComponent!
-        self.name = representation.valueForKeyPath("name") as! String
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://example.com/users/mattt")
-         .responseObject { (response: Response<User, NSError>) in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-The same approach can also be used to handle endpoints that return a representation of a collection of objects:
-
-```swift
-public protocol ResponseCollectionSerializable {
-    static func collection(response response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) -> [Self]
-}
-
-extension Alamofire.Request {
-    public func responseCollection<T: ResponseCollectionSerializable>(completionHandler: Response<[T], NSError> -> Void) -> Self {
-        let responseSerializer = ResponseSerializer<[T], NSError> { request, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            let JSONSerializer = Request.JSONResponseSerializer(options: .AllowFragments)
-            let result = JSONSerializer.serializeResponse(request, response, data, error)
-
-            switch result {
-            case .Success(let value):
-                if let response = response {
-                    return .Success(T.collection(response: response, representation: value))
-                } else {
-                    let failureReason = "Response collection could not be serialized due to nil response"
-                    let error = Error.errorWithCode(.JSONSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                    return .Failure(error)
-                }
-            case .Failure(let error):
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return response(responseSerializer: responseSerializer, completionHandler: completionHandler)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-final class User: ResponseObjectSerializable, ResponseCollectionSerializable {
-    let username: String
-    let name: String
-
-    init?(response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) {
-        self.username = response.URL!.lastPathComponent!
-        self.name = representation.valueForKeyPath("name") as! String
-    }
-
-    static func collection(response response: NSHTTPURLResponse, representation: AnyObject) -> [User] {
-        var users: [User] = []
-
-        if let representation = representation as? [[String: AnyObject]] {
-            for userRepresentation in representation {
-                if let user = User(response: response, representation: userRepresentation) {
-                    users.append(user)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return users
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://example.com/users")
-         .responseCollection { (response: Response<[User], NSError>) in
-             debugPrint(response)
-         }
-```
-
-### URLStringConvertible
-
-Types adopting the `URLStringConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL strings, which are then used to construct URL requests. `NSString`, `NSURL`, `NSURLComponents`, and `NSURLRequest` conform to `URLStringConvertible` by default, allowing any of them to be passed as `URLString` parameters to the `request`, `upload`, and `download` methods:
-
-```swift
-let string = NSString(string: "https://httpbin.org/post")
-Alamofire.request(.POST, string)
-
-let URL = NSURL(string: string)!
-Alamofire.request(.POST, URL)
-
-let URLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: URL)
-Alamofire.request(.POST, URLRequest) // overrides `HTTPMethod` of `URLRequest`
-
-let URLComponents = NSURLComponents(URL: URL, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true)
-Alamofire.request(.POST, URLComponents)
-```
-
-Applications interacting with web applications in a significant manner are encouraged to have custom types conform to `URLStringConvertible` as a convenient way to map domain-specific models to server resources.
-
-#### Type-Safe Routing
-
-```swift
-extension User: URLStringConvertible {
-    static let baseURLString = "http://example.com"
-
-    var URLString: String {
-        return User.baseURLString + "/users/\(username)/"
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-let user = User(username: "mattt")
-Alamofire.request(.GET, user) // http://example.com/users/mattt
-```
-
-### URLRequestConvertible
-
-Types adopting the `URLRequestConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL requests. `NSURLRequest` conforms to `URLRequestConvertible` by default, allowing it to be passed into `request`, `upload`, and `download` methods directly (this is the recommended way to specify custom HTTP body for individual requests):
-
-```swift
-let URL = NSURL(string: "https://httpbin.org/post")!
-let mutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL)
-mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod = "POST"
-
-let parameters = ["foo": "bar"]
-
-do {
-    mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(parameters, options: NSJSONWritingOptions())
-} catch {
-    // No-op
-}
-
-mutableURLRequest.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-
-Alamofire.request(mutableURLRequest)
-```
-
-Applications interacting with web applications in a significant manner are encouraged to have custom types conform to `URLRequestConvertible` as a way to ensure consistency of requested endpoints. Such an approach can be used to abstract away server-side inconsistencies and provide type-safe routing, as well as manage authentication credentials and other state.
-
-#### API Parameter Abstraction
-
-```swift
-enum Router: URLRequestConvertible {
-    static let baseURLString = "http://example.com"
-    static let perPage = 50
-
-    case Search(query: String, page: Int)
-
-    // MARK: URLRequestConvertible
-
-    var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest {
-        let result: (path: String, parameters: [String: AnyObject]) = {
-            switch self {
-            case .Search(let query, let page) where page > 1:
-                return ("/search", ["q": query, "offset": Router.perPage * page])
-            case .Search(let query, _):
-                return ("/search", ["q": query])
-            }
-        }()
-
-        let URL = NSURL(string: Router.baseURLString)!
-        let URLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: URL.URLByAppendingPathComponent(result.path))
-        let encoding = Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.URL
-
-        return encoding.encode(URLRequest, parameters: result.parameters).0
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(Router.Search(query: "foo bar", page: 1)) // ?q=foo%20bar&offset=50
-```
-
-#### CRUD & Authorization
-
-```swift
-enum Router: URLRequestConvertible {
-    static let baseURLString = "http://example.com"
-    static var OAuthToken: String?
-
-    case CreateUser([String: AnyObject])
-    case ReadUser(String)
-    case UpdateUser(String, [String: AnyObject])
-    case DestroyUser(String)
-
-    var method: Alamofire.Method {
-        switch self {
-        case .CreateUser:
-            return .POST
-        case .ReadUser:
-            return .GET
-        case .UpdateUser:
-            return .PUT
-        case .DestroyUser:
-            return .DELETE
-        }
-    }
-
-    var path: String {
-        switch self {
-        case .CreateUser:
-            return "/users"
-        case .ReadUser(let username):
-            return "/users/\(username)"
-        case .UpdateUser(let username, _):
-            return "/users/\(username)"
-        case .DestroyUser(let username):
-            return "/users/\(username)"
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: URLRequestConvertible
-
-    var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest {
-        let URL = NSURL(string: Router.baseURLString)!
-        let mutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL.URLByAppendingPathComponent(path))
-        mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod = method.rawValue
-
-        if let token = Router.OAuthToken {
-            mutableURLRequest.setValue("Bearer \(token)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
-        }
-
-        switch self {
-        case .CreateUser(let parameters):
-            return Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.JSON.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-        case .UpdateUser(_, let parameters):
-            return Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.URL.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-        default:
-            return mutableURLRequest
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```swift
-Alamofire.request(Router.ReadUser("mattt")) // GET /users/mattt
-```
-
-### Security
-
-Using a secure HTTPS connection when communicating with servers and web services is an important step in securing sensitive data. By default, Alamofire will evaluate the certificate chain provided by the server using Apple's built in validation provided by the Security framework. While this guarantees the certificate chain is valid, it does not prevent man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks or other potential vulnerabilities. In order to mitigate MITM attacks, applications dealing with sensitive customer data or financial information should use certificate or public key pinning provided by the `ServerTrustPolicy`.
-
-#### ServerTrustPolicy
-
-The `ServerTrustPolicy` enumeration evaluates the server trust generally provided by an `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge` when connecting to a server over a secure HTTPS connection.
-
-```swift
-let serverTrustPolicy = ServerTrustPolicy.PinCertificates(
-    certificates: ServerTrustPolicy.certificatesInBundle(),
-    validateCertificateChain: true,
-    validateHost: true
-)
-```
-
-There are many different cases of server trust evaluation giving you complete control over the validation process:
-
-* `PerformDefaultEvaluation`: Uses the default server trust evaluation while allowing you to control whether to validate the host provided by the challenge. 
-* `PinCertificates`: Uses the pinned certificates to validate the server trust. The server trust is considered valid if one of the pinned certificates match one of the server certificates.
-* `PinPublicKeys`: Uses the pinned public keys to validate the server trust. The server trust is considered valid if one of the pinned public keys match one of the server certificate public keys.
-* `DisableEvaluation`: Disables all evaluation which in turn will always consider any server trust as valid.
-* `CustomEvaluation`: Uses the associated closure to evaluate the validity of the server trust thus giving you complete control over the validation process. Use with caution.
-
-#### Server Trust Policy Manager
-
-The `ServerTrustPolicyManager` is responsible for storing an internal mapping of server trust policies to a particular host. This allows Alamofire to evaluate each host against a different server trust policy. 
-
-```swift
-let serverTrustPolicies: [String: ServerTrustPolicy] = [
-    "test.example.com": .PinCertificates(
-        certificates: ServerTrustPolicy.certificatesInBundle(),
-        validateCertificateChain: true,
-        validateHost: true
-    ),
-    "insecure.expired-apis.com": .DisableEvaluation
-]
-
-let manager = Manager(
-    serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager(policies: serverTrustPolicies)
-)
-```
-
-> Make sure to keep a reference to the new `Manager` instance, otherwise your requests will all get cancelled when your `manager` is deallocated.
-
-These server trust policies will result in the following behavior:
-
-* `test.example.com` will always use certificate pinning with certificate chain and host validation enabled thus requiring the following criteria to be met to allow the TLS handshake to succeed:
-  * Certificate chain MUST be valid.
-  * Certificate chain MUST include one of the pinned certificates.
-  * Challenge host MUST match the host in the certificate chain's leaf certificate.
-* `insecure.expired-apis.com` will never evaluate the certificate chain and will always allow the TLS handshake to succeed.
-* All other hosts will use the default evaluation provided by Apple.
-
-##### Subclassing Server Trust Policy Manager
-
-If you find yourself needing more flexible server trust policy matching behavior (i.e. wildcarded domains), then subclass the `ServerTrustPolicyManager` and override the `serverTrustPolicyForHost` method with your own custom implementation.
-
-```swift
-class CustomServerTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager {
-    override func serverTrustPolicyForHost(host: String) -> ServerTrustPolicy? {
-        var policy: ServerTrustPolicy?
-
-        // Implement your custom domain matching behavior...
-
-        return policy
-    }
-}
-```
-
-#### Validating the Host
-
-The `.PerformDefaultEvaluation`, `.PinCertificates` and `.PinPublicKeys` server trust policies all take a `validateHost` parameter. Setting the value to `true` will cause the server trust evaluation to verify that hostname in the certificate matches the hostname of the challenge. If they do not match, evaluation will fail. A `validateHost` value of `false` will still evaluate the full certificate chain, but will not validate the hostname of the leaf certificate.
-
-> It is recommended that `validateHost` always be set to `true` in production environments.
-
-#### Validating the Certificate Chain
-
-Pinning certificates and public keys both have the option of validating the certificate chain using the `validateCertificateChain` parameter. By setting this value to `true`, the full certificate chain will be evaluated in addition to performing a byte equality check against the pinned certficates or public keys. A value of `false` will skip the certificate chain validation, but will still perform the byte equality check.
-
-There are several cases where it may make sense to disable certificate chain validation. The most common use cases for disabling validation are self-signed and expired certificates. The evaluation would always fail in both of these cases, but the byte equality check will still ensure you are receiving the certificate you expect from the server.
-
-> It is recommended that `validateCertificateChain` always be set to `true` in production environments.
-
-#### App Transport Security
-
-With the addition of App Transport Security (ATS) in iOS 9, it is possible that using a custom `ServerTrustPolicyManager` with several `ServerTrustPolicy` objects will have no effect. If you continuously see `CFNetwork SSLHandshake failed (-9806)` errors, you have probably run into this problem. Apple's ATS system overrides the entire challenge system unless you configure the ATS settings in your app's plist to disable enough of it to allow your app to evaluate the server trust.
-
-If you run into this problem (high probability with self-signed certificates), you can work around this issue by adding the following to your `Info.plist`.
-
-```xml
-<dict>
-	<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
-	<dict>
-		<key>NSExceptionDomains</key>
-		<dict>
-			<key>example.com</key>
-			<dict>
-				<key>NSExceptionAllowsInsecureHTTPLoads</key>
-				<true/>
-				<key>NSExceptionRequiresForwardSecrecy</key>
-				<false/>
-				<key>NSIncludesSubdomains</key>
-				<true/>
-				<!-- Optional: Specify minimum TLS version -->
-				<key>NSTemporaryExceptionMinimumTLSVersion</key>
-				<string>TLSv1.2</string>
-			</dict>
-		</dict>
-	</dict>
-</dict>
-```
-
-Whether you need to set the `NSExceptionRequiresForwardSecrecy` to `NO` depends on whether your TLS connection is using an allowed cipher suite. In certain cases, it will need to be set to `NO`. The `NSExceptionAllowsInsecureHTTPLoads` MUST be set to `YES` in order to allow the `SessionDelegate` to receive challenge callbacks. Once the challenge callbacks are being called, the `ServerTrustPolicyManager` will take over the server trust evaluation. You may also need to specify the `NSTemporaryExceptionMinimumTLSVersion` if you're trying to connect to a host that only supports TLS versions less than `1.2`.
-
-> It is recommended to always use valid certificates in production environments.
-
-### Network Reachability
-
-The `NetworkReachabilityManager` listens for reachability changes of hosts and addresses for both WWAN and WiFi network interfaces.
-
-```swift
-let manager = NetworkReachabilityManager(host: "www.apple.com")
-
-manager?.listener = { status in
-    print("Network Status Changed: \(status)")
-}
-
-manager?.startListening()
-```
-
-> Make sure to remember to retain the `manager` in the above example, or no status changes will be reported.
-
-There are some important things to remember when using network reachability to determine what to do next.
-
-* **Do NOT** use Reachability to determine if a network request should be sent.
-  * You should **ALWAYS** send it.
-* When Reachability is restored, use the event to retry failed network requests.
-  * Even though the network requests may still fail, this is a good moment to retry them.
-* The network reachability status can be useful for determining why a network request may have failed.
-  * If a network request fails, it is more useful to tell the user that the network request failed due to being offline rather than a more technical errror, such as "request timed out."
-
-> It is recommended to check out [WWDC 2012 Session 706, "Networking Best Practices"](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2012-706/) for more info.
-
----
-
-## Open Rdars
-
-The following rdars have some affect on the current implementation of Alamofire.
-
-* [rdar://21349340](http://www.openradar.me/radar?id=5517037090635776) - Compiler throwing warning due to toll-free bridging issue in test case
-
-## FAQ
-
-### What's the origin of the name Alamofire?
-
-Alamofire is named after the [Alamo Fire flower](https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/wildseed/alamofire.html), a hybrid variant of the Bluebonnet, the official state flower of Texas.
-
----
-
-## Credits
-
-Alamofire is owned and maintained by the [Alamofire Software Foundation](http://alamofire.org). You can follow them on Twitter at [@AlamofireSF](https://twitter.com/AlamofireSF) for project updates and releases.
-
-### Security Disclosure
-
-If you believe you have identified a security vulnerability with Alamofire, you should report it as soon as possible via email to security@alamofire.org. Please do not post it to a public issue tracker.
-
-## License
-
-Alamofire is released under the MIT license. See LICENSE for details.

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Alamofire.swift

-// Alamofire.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-// MARK: - URLStringConvertible
-
-/**
-    Types adopting the `URLStringConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL strings, which are then used to 
-    construct URL requests.
-*/
-public protocol URLStringConvertible {
-    /**
-        A URL that conforms to RFC 2396.
-
-        Methods accepting a `URLStringConvertible` type parameter parse it according to RFCs 1738 and 1808.
-
-        See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396
-        See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738
-        See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1808
-    */
-    var URLString: String { get }
-}
-
-extension String: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return self
-    }
-}
-
-extension NSURL: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return absoluteString!
-    }
-}
-
-extension NSURLComponents: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return URL!.URLString
-    }
-}
-
-extension NSURLRequest: URLStringConvertible {
-    public var URLString: String {
-        return URL!.URLString
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - URLRequestConvertible
-
-/**
-    Types adopting the `URLRequestConvertible` protocol can be used to construct URL requests.
-*/
-public protocol URLRequestConvertible {
-    /// The URL request.
-    var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest { get }
-}
-
-extension NSURLRequest: URLRequestConvertible {
-    public var URLRequest: NSMutableURLRequest {
-        return self.mutableCopy() as! NSMutableURLRequest
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - Convenience
-
-func URLRequest(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil)
-    -> NSMutableURLRequest
-{
-    let mutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: URLString.URLString)!)
-    mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod = method.rawValue
-
-    if let headers = headers {
-        for (headerField, headerValue) in headers {
-            mutableURLRequest.setValue(headerValue, forHTTPHeaderField: headerField)
-        }
-    }
-
-    return mutableURLRequest
-}
-
-// MARK: - Request Methods
-
-/**
-    Creates a request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, parameters, and
-    parameter encoding.
-
-    - parameter method:     The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString:  The URL string.
-    - parameter parameters: The parameters. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter encoding:   The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-    - parameter headers:    The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-
-    - returns: The created request.
-*/
-public func request(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-    encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil)
-    -> Request
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.request(
-        method,
-        URLString,
-        parameters: parameters,
-        encoding: encoding,
-        headers: headers
-    )
-}
-
-/**
-    Creates a request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request.
-
-    If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request
-
-    - returns: The created request.
-*/
-public func request(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.request(URLRequest.URLRequest)
-}
-
-// MARK: - Upload Methods
-
-// MARK: File
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, and file.
-
-    - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter file:      The file to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    file: NSURL)
-    -> Request
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(method, URLString, headers: headers, file: file)
-}
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request and file.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-    - parameter file:       The file to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, file: NSURL) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(URLRequest, file: file)
-}
-
-// MARK: Data
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, and data.
-
-    - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter data:      The data to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    data: NSData)
-    -> Request
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(method, URLString, headers: headers, data: data)
-}
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request and data.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-    - parameter data:       The data to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, data: NSData) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(URLRequest, data: data)
-}
-
-// MARK: Stream
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method, URL string, and stream.
-
-    - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter stream:    The stream to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    stream: NSInputStream)
-    -> Request
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(method, URLString, headers: headers, stream: stream)
-}
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request and stream.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-    - parameter stream:     The stream to upload.
-
-    - returns: The created upload request.
-*/
-public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, stream: NSInputStream) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(URLRequest, stream: stream)
-}
-
-// MARK: MultipartFormData
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method and URL string.
-
-    - parameter method:                  The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString:               The URL string.
-    - parameter headers:                 The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-    - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                         `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-    - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-*/
-public func upload(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-    encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-    encodingCompletion: (Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(
-        method,
-        URLString,
-        headers: headers,
-        multipartFormData: multipartFormData,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
-        encodingCompletion: encodingCompletion
-    )
-}
-
-/**
-    Creates an upload request using the shared manager instance for the specified method and URL string.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest:              The URL request.
-    - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-    - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                         `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-    - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-*/
-public func upload(
-    URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
-    multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-    encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-    encodingCompletion: (Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.upload(
-        URLRequest,
-        multipartFormData: multipartFormData,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
-        encodingCompletion: encodingCompletion
-    )
-}
-
-// MARK: - Download Methods
-
-// MARK: URL Request
-
-/**
-    Creates a download request using the shared manager instance for the specified method and URL string.
-
-    - parameter method:      The HTTP method.
-    - parameter URLString:   The URL string.
-    - parameter parameters:  The parameters. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter encoding:    The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-    - parameter headers:     The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-    - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-    - returns: The created download request.
-*/
-public func download(
-    method: Method,
-    _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-    parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-    encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-    headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-    destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination)
-    -> Request
-{
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.download(
-        method,
-        URLString,
-        parameters: parameters,
-        encoding: encoding,
-        headers: headers,
-        destination: destination
-    )
-}
-
-/**
-    Creates a download request using the shared manager instance for the specified URL request.
-
-    - parameter URLRequest:  The URL request.
-    - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-    - returns: The created download request.
-*/
-public func download(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.download(URLRequest, destination: destination)
-}
-
-// MARK: Resume Data
-
-/**
-    Creates a request using the shared manager instance for downloading from the resume data produced from a 
-    previous request cancellation.
-
-    - parameter resumeData:  The resume data. This is an opaque data blob produced by `NSURLSessionDownloadTask`
-                             when a task is cancelled. See `NSURLSession -downloadTaskWithResumeData:` for additional 
-                             information.
-    - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-    - returns: The created download request.
-*/
-public func download(resumeData data: NSData, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-    return Manager.sharedInstance.download(data, destination: destination)
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Download.swift

-// Download.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-extension Manager {
-    private enum Downloadable {
-        case Request(NSURLRequest)
-        case ResumeData(NSData)
-    }
-
-    private func download(downloadable: Downloadable, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-        var downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask!
-
-        switch downloadable {
-        case .Request(let request):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                downloadTask = self.session.downloadTaskWithRequest(request)
-            }
-        case .ResumeData(let resumeData):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                downloadTask = self.session.downloadTaskWithResumeData(resumeData)
-            }
-        }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: downloadTask)
-
-        if let downloadDelegate = request.delegate as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-            downloadDelegate.downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL = { session, downloadTask, URL in
-                return destination(URL, downloadTask.response as! NSHTTPURLResponse)
-            }
-        }
-
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Request
-
-    /**
-        Creates a download request for the specified method, URL string, parameters, parameter encoding, headers
-        and destination.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:      The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString:   The URL string.
-        - parameter parameters:  The parameters. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter encoding:    The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-        - parameter headers:     The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-        - returns: The created download request.
-    */
-    public func download(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-        encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-        let encodedURLRequest = encoding.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-
-        return download(encodedURLRequest, destination: destination)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for downloading from the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest:  The URL request
-        - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-        - returns: The created download request.
-    */
-    public func download(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-        return download(.Request(URLRequest.URLRequest), destination: destination)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Resume Data
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for downloading from the resume data produced from a previous request cancellation.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter resumeData:  The resume data. This is an opaque data blob produced by `NSURLSessionDownloadTask` 
-                                 when a task is cancelled. See `NSURLSession -downloadTaskWithResumeData:` for 
-                                 additional information.
-        - parameter destination: The closure used to determine the destination of the downloaded file.
-
-        - returns: The created download request.
-    */
-    public func download(resumeData: NSData, destination: Request.DownloadFileDestination) -> Request {
-        return download(.ResumeData(resumeData), destination: destination)
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-extension Request {
-    /**
-        A closure executed once a request has successfully completed in order to determine where to move the temporary 
-        file written to during the download process. The closure takes two arguments: the temporary file URL and the URL 
-        response, and returns a single argument: the file URL where the temporary file should be moved.
-    */
-    public typealias DownloadFileDestination = (NSURL, NSHTTPURLResponse) -> NSURL
-
-    /**
-        Creates a download file destination closure which uses the default file manager to move the temporary file to a 
-        file URL in the first available directory with the specified search path directory and search path domain mask.
-
-        - parameter directory: The search path directory. `.DocumentDirectory` by default.
-        - parameter domain:    The search path domain mask. `.UserDomainMask` by default.
-
-        - returns: A download file destination closure.
-    */
-    public class func suggestedDownloadDestination(
-        directory directory: NSSearchPathDirectory = .DocumentDirectory,
-        domain: NSSearchPathDomainMask = .UserDomainMask)
-        -> DownloadFileDestination
-    {
-        return { temporaryURL, response -> NSURL in
-            let directoryURLs = NSFileManager.defaultManager().URLsForDirectory(directory, inDomains: domain)
-
-            if !directoryURLs.isEmpty {
-                return directoryURLs[0].URLByAppendingPathComponent(response.suggestedFilename!)!
-            }
-
-            return temporaryURL
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The resume data of the underlying download task if available after a failure.
-    public var resumeData: NSData? {
-        var data: NSData?
-
-        if let delegate = delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate {
-            data = delegate.resumeData
-        }
-
-        return data
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - DownloadTaskDelegate
-
-    class DownloadTaskDelegate: TaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate {
-        var downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask? { return task as? NSURLSessionDownloadTask }
-        var downloadProgress: ((Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        var resumeData: NSData?
-        override var data: NSData? { return resumeData }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        var downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, NSURL) -> NSURL)?
-        var downloadTaskDidWriteData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-        var downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didFinishDownloadingToURL location: NSURL)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL = downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL {
-                do {
-                    let destination = downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL(session, downloadTask, location)
-                    try NSFileManager.defaultManager().moveItemAtURL(location, toURL: destination)
-                } catch {
-                    self.error = error as NSError
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64)
-        {
-            if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
-
-            if let downloadTaskDidWriteData = downloadTaskDidWriteData {
-                downloadTaskDidWriteData(
-                    session,
-                    downloadTask,
-                    bytesWritten,
-                    totalBytesWritten, 
-                    totalBytesExpectedToWrite
-                )
-            } else {
-                progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpectedToWrite
-                progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesWritten
-
-                downloadProgress?(bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
-            }
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didResumeAtOffset fileOffset: Int64,
-            expectedTotalBytes: Int64)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset = downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset {
-                downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset(session, downloadTask, fileOffset, expectedTotalBytes)
-            } else {
-                progress.totalUnitCount = expectedTotalBytes
-                progress.completedUnitCount = fileOffset
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Error.swift

-// Error.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/// The `Error` struct provides a convenience for creating custom Alamofire NSErrors.
-public struct Error {
-    /// The domain used for creating all Alamofire errors.
-    public static let Domain = "com.alamofire.error"
-
-    /// The custom error codes generated by Alamofire.
-    public enum Code: Int {
-        case InputStreamReadFailed           = -6000
-        case OutputStreamWriteFailed         = -6001
-        case ContentTypeValidationFailed     = -6002
-        case StatusCodeValidationFailed      = -6003
-        case DataSerializationFailed         = -6004
-        case StringSerializationFailed       = -6005
-        case JSONSerializationFailed         = -6006
-        case PropertyListSerializationFailed = -6007
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates an `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-
-        - parameter code:          The error code.
-        - parameter failureReason: The failure reason.
-
-        - returns: An `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-    */
-    public static func errorWithCode(code: Code, failureReason: String) -> NSError {
-        return errorWithCode(code.rawValue, failureReason: failureReason)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates an `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-
-        - parameter code:          The error code.
-        - parameter failureReason: The failure reason.
-
-        - returns: An `NSError` with the given error code and failure reason.
-    */
-    public static func errorWithCode(code: Int, failureReason: String) -> NSError {
-        let userInfo = [NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey: failureReason]
-        return NSError(domain: Domain, code: code, userInfo: userInfo)
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Manager.swift

-// Manager.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/**
-    Responsible for creating and managing `Request` objects, as well as their underlying `NSURLSession`.
-*/
-public class Manager {
-
-    // MARK: - Properties
-
-    /**
-        A shared instance of `Manager`, used by top-level Alamofire request methods, and suitable for use directly 
-        for any ad hoc requests.
-    */
-    public static let sharedInstance: Manager = {
-        let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
-        configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders = Manager.defaultHTTPHeaders
-
-        return Manager(configuration: configuration)
-    }()
-
-    /**
-        Creates default values for the "Accept-Encoding", "Accept-Language" and "User-Agent" headers.
-    */
-    public static let defaultHTTPHeaders: [String: String] = {
-        // Accept-Encoding HTTP Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-4.2.3
-        let acceptEncoding: String = "gzip;q=1.0, compress;q=0.5"
-
-        // Accept-Language HTTP Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.5
-        let acceptLanguage = NSLocale.preferredLanguages().prefix(6).enumerate().map { index, languageCode in
-            let quality = 1.0 - (Double(index) * 0.1)
-            return "\(languageCode);q=\(quality)"
-        }.joinWithSeparator(", ")
-
-        // User-Agent Header; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.5.3
-        let userAgent: String = {
-            if let info = NSBundle.mainBundle().infoDictionary {
-                let executable = info[kCFBundleExecutableKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
-                let bundle = info[kCFBundleIdentifierKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
-                let version = info[kCFBundleVersionKey as String] as? String ?? "Unknown"
-                let os = NSProcessInfo.processInfo().operatingSystemVersionString
-
-                var mutableUserAgent = NSMutableString(string: "\(executable)/\(bundle) (\(version); OS \(os))") as CFMutableString
-                let transform = NSString(string: "Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII; [:^ASCII:] Remove") as CFString
-
-                if CFStringTransform(mutableUserAgent, UnsafeMutablePointer<CFRange>(nil), transform, false) {
-                    return mutableUserAgent as String
-                }
-            }
-
-            return "Alamofire"
-        }()
-
-        return [
-            "Accept-Encoding": acceptEncoding,
-            "Accept-Language": acceptLanguage,
-            "User-Agent": userAgent
-        ]
-    }()
-
-    let queue = dispatch_queue_create(nil, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
-
-    /// The underlying session.
-    public let session: NSURLSession
-
-    /// The session delegate handling all the task and session delegate callbacks.
-    public let delegate: SessionDelegate
-
-    /// Whether to start requests immediately after being constructed. `true` by default.
-    public var startRequestsImmediately: Bool = true
-
-    /**
-        The background completion handler closure provided by the UIApplicationDelegate 
-        `application:handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:completionHandler:` method. By setting the background 
-        completion handler, the SessionDelegate `sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession` closure implementation 
-        will automatically call the handler.
-    
-        If you need to handle your own events before the handler is called, then you need to override the 
-        SessionDelegate `sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession` and manually call the handler when finished.
-    
-        `nil` by default.
-    */
-    public var backgroundCompletionHandler: (() -> Void)?
-
-    // MARK: - Lifecycle
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `Manager` instance with the specified configuration, delegate and server trust policy.
-
-        - parameter configuration:            The configuration used to construct the managed session. 
-                                              `NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()` by default.
-        - parameter delegate:                 The delegate used when initializing the session. `SessionDelegate()` by
-                                              default.
-        - parameter serverTrustPolicyManager: The server trust policy manager to use for evaluating all server trust 
-                                              challenges. `nil` by default.
-
-        - returns: The new `Manager` instance.
-    */
-    public init(
-        configuration: NSURLSessionConfiguration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration(),
-        delegate: SessionDelegate = SessionDelegate(),
-        serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? = nil)
-    {
-        self.delegate = delegate
-        self.session = NSURLSession(configuration: configuration, delegate: delegate, delegateQueue: nil)
-
-        commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager: serverTrustPolicyManager)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `Manager` instance with the specified session, delegate and server trust policy.
-
-        - parameter session:                  The URL session.
-        - parameter delegate:                 The delegate of the URL session. Must equal the URL session's delegate.
-        - parameter serverTrustPolicyManager: The server trust policy manager to use for evaluating all server trust
-                                              challenges. `nil` by default.
-
-        - returns: The new `Manager` instance if the URL session's delegate matches the delegate parameter.
-    */
-    public init?(
-        session: NSURLSession,
-        delegate: SessionDelegate,
-        serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? = nil)
-    {
-        self.delegate = delegate
-        self.session = session
-
-        guard delegate === session.delegate else { return nil }
-
-        commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager: serverTrustPolicyManager)
-    }
-
-    private func commonInit(serverTrustPolicyManager serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager?) {
-        session.serverTrustPolicyManager = serverTrustPolicyManager
-
-        delegate.sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession = { [weak self] session in
-            guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
-            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) { strongSelf.backgroundCompletionHandler?() }
-        }
-    }
-
-    deinit {
-        session.invalidateAndCancel()
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Request
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for the specified method, URL string, parameters, parameter encoding and headers.
-
-        - parameter method:     The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString:  The URL string.
-        - parameter parameters: The parameters. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter encoding:   The parameter encoding. `.URL` by default.
-        - parameter headers:    The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-
-        - returns: The created request.
-    */
-    public func request(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        parameters: [String: AnyObject]? = nil,
-        encoding: ParameterEncoding = .URL,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-        let encodedURLRequest = encoding.encode(mutableURLRequest, parameters: parameters).0
-        return request(encodedURLRequest)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request
-
-        - returns: The created request.
-    */
-    public func request(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible) -> Request {
-        var dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask!
-        dispatch_sync(queue) { dataTask = self.session.dataTaskWithRequest(URLRequest.URLRequest) }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: dataTask)
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - SessionDelegate
-
-    /**
-        Responsible for handling all delegate callbacks for the underlying session.
-    */
-    public final class SessionDelegate: NSObject, NSURLSessionDelegate, NSURLSessionTaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate, NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate {
-        private var subdelegates: [Int: Request.TaskDelegate] = [:]
-        private let subdelegateQueue = dispatch_queue_create(nil, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT)
-
-        subscript(task: NSURLSessionTask) -> Request.TaskDelegate? {
-            get {
-                var subdelegate: Request.TaskDelegate?
-                dispatch_sync(subdelegateQueue) { subdelegate = self.subdelegates[task.taskIdentifier] }
-
-                return subdelegate
-            }
-
-            set {
-                dispatch_barrier_async(subdelegateQueue) { self.subdelegates[task.taskIdentifier] = newValue }
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Initializes the `SessionDelegate` instance.
-
-            - returns: The new `SessionDelegate` instance.
-        */
-        public override init() {
-            super.init()
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSession:didBecomeInvalidWithError:`.
-        public var sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError: ((NSURLSession, NSError?) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSession:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:`.
-        public var sessionDidReceiveChallenge: ((NSURLSession, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?))?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSession:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:` and requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge, (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDelegate method `URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession:`.
-        public var sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession: ((NSURLSession) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the session has been invalidated.
-
-            - parameter session: The session object that was invalidated.
-            - parameter error:   The error that caused invalidation, or nil if the invalidation was explicit.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, didBecomeInvalidWithError error: NSError?) {
-            sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError?(session, error)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Requests credentials from the delegate in response to a session-level authentication request from the remote server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task that requested authentication.
-            - parameter challenge:         An object that contains the request for authentication.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A handler that your delegate method must call providing the disposition and credential.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            didReceiveChallenge challenge: NSURLAuthenticationChallenge,
-            completionHandler: ((NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void))
-        {
-            guard sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion == nil else {
-                sessionDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion?(session, challenge, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition = .PerformDefaultHandling
-            var credential: NSURLCredential?
-
-            if let sessionDidReceiveChallenge = sessionDidReceiveChallenge {
-                (disposition, credential) = sessionDidReceiveChallenge(session, challenge)
-            } else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
-                let host = challenge.protectionSpace.host
-
-                if let
-                    serverTrustPolicy = session.serverTrustPolicyManager?.serverTrustPolicyForHost(host),
-                    serverTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust
-                {
-                    if serverTrustPolicy.evaluateServerTrust(serverTrust, isValidForHost: host) {
-                        disposition = .UseCredential
-                        credential = NSURLCredential(forTrust: serverTrust)
-                    } else {
-                        disposition = .CancelAuthenticationChallenge
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(disposition, credential)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that all messages enqueued for a session have been delivered.
-
-            - parameter session: The session that no longer has any outstanding requests.
-        */
-        public func URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession(session: NSURLSession) {
-            sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession?(session)
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionTaskDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:`.
-        public var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSHTTPURLResponse, NSURLRequest) -> NSURLRequest?)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:` and
-        /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSHTTPURLResponse, NSURLRequest, NSURLRequest? -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:`.
-        public var taskDidReceiveChallenge: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?))?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:` and 
-        /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge, (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:session:task:needNewBodyStream:`.
-        public var taskNeedNewBodyStream: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask) -> NSInputStream?)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:session:task:needNewBodyStream:` and 
-        /// requires the caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSInputStream? -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didSendBodyData:totalBytesSent:totalBytesExpectedToSend:`.
-        public var taskDidSendBodyData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionTaskDelegate method `URLSession:task:didCompleteWithError:`.
-        public var taskDidComplete: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSError?) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the remote server requested an HTTP redirect.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task whose request resulted in a redirect.
-            - parameter task:              The task whose request resulted in a redirect.
-            - parameter response:          An object containing the server’s response to the original request.
-            - parameter request:           A URL request object filled out with the new location.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A closure that your handler should call with either the value of the request 
-                                           parameter, a modified URL request object, or NULL to refuse the redirect and 
-                                           return the body of the redirect response.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            willPerformHTTPRedirection response: NSHTTPURLResponse,
-            newRequest request: NSURLRequest,
-            completionHandler: NSURLRequest? -> Void)
-        {
-            guard taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion == nil else {
-                taskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionWithCompletion?(session, task, response, request, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            var redirectRequest: NSURLRequest? = request
-
-            if let taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection {
-                redirectRequest = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection(session, task, response, request)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(redirectRequest)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Requests credentials from the delegate in response to an authentication request from the remote server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task whose request requires authentication.
-            - parameter task:              The task whose request requires authentication.
-            - parameter challenge:         An object that contains the request for authentication.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A handler that your delegate method must call providing the disposition and credential.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didReceiveChallenge challenge: NSURLAuthenticationChallenge,
-            completionHandler: (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void)
-        {
-            guard taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion == nil else {
-                taskDidReceiveChallengeWithCompletion?(session, task, challenge, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            if let taskDidReceiveChallenge = taskDidReceiveChallenge {
-                let result = taskDidReceiveChallenge(session, task, challenge)
-                completionHandler(result.0, result.1)
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    task: task,
-                    didReceiveChallenge: challenge,
-                    completionHandler: completionHandler
-                )
-            } else {
-                URLSession(session, didReceiveChallenge: challenge, completionHandler: completionHandler)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate when a task requires a new request body stream to send to the remote server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the task that needs a new body stream.
-            - parameter task:              The task that needs a new body stream.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A completion handler that your delegate method should call with the new body stream.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            needNewBodyStream completionHandler: NSInputStream? -> Void)
-        {
-            guard taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion == nil else {
-                taskNeedNewBodyStreamWithCompletion?(session, task, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            if let taskNeedNewBodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream {
-                completionHandler(taskNeedNewBodyStream(session, task))
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, task: task, needNewBodyStream: completionHandler)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Periodically informs the delegate of the progress of sending body content to the server.
-
-            - parameter session:                  The session containing the data task.
-            - parameter task:                     The data task.
-            - parameter bytesSent:                The number of bytes sent since the last time this delegate method was called.
-            - parameter totalBytesSent:           The total number of bytes sent so far.
-            - parameter totalBytesExpectedToSend: The expected length of the body data.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didSendBodyData bytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToSend: Int64)
-        {
-            if let taskDidSendBodyData = taskDidSendBodyData {
-                taskDidSendBodyData(session, task, bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] as? Request.UploadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    task: task,
-                    didSendBodyData: bytesSent,
-                    totalBytesSent: totalBytesSent,
-                    totalBytesExpectedToSend: totalBytesExpectedToSend
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the task finished transferring data.
-
-            - parameter session: The session containing the task whose request finished transferring data.
-            - parameter task:    The task whose request finished transferring data.
-            - parameter error:   If an error occurred, an error object indicating how the transfer failed, otherwise nil.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, task: NSURLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: NSError?) {
-            if let taskDidComplete = taskDidComplete {
-                taskDidComplete(session, task, error)
-            } else if let delegate = self[task] {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, task: task, didCompleteWithError: error)
-            }
-
-            NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidComplete, object: task)
-
-            self[task] = nil
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDataDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:`.
-        public var dataTaskDidReceiveResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLResponse) -> NSURLSessionResponseDisposition)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:` and 
-        /// requires caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLResponse, NSURLSessionResponseDisposition -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didBecomeDownloadTask:`.
-        public var dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLSessionDownloadTask) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveData:`.
-        public var dataTaskDidReceiveData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSData) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:willCacheResponse:completionHandler:`.
-        public var dataTaskWillCacheResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSCachedURLResponse) -> NSCachedURLResponse?)?
-
-        /// Overrides all behavior for NSURLSessionDataDelegate method `URLSession:dataTask:willCacheResponse:completionHandler:` and 
-        /// requires caller to call the `completionHandler`.
-        public var dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSCachedURLResponse, NSCachedURLResponse? -> Void) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the data task received the initial reply (headers) from the server.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the data task that received an initial reply.
-            - parameter dataTask:          The data task that received an initial reply.
-            - parameter response:          A URL response object populated with headers.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A completion handler that your code calls to continue the transfer, passing a 
-                                           constant to indicate whether the transfer should continue as a data task or 
-                                           should become a download task.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: NSURLSessionResponseDisposition -> Void)
-        {
-            guard dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion == nil else {
-                dataTaskDidReceiveResponseWithCompletion?(session, dataTask, response, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionResponseDisposition = .Allow
-
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveResponse = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse {
-                disposition = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse(session, dataTask, response)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(disposition)
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the data task was changed to a download task.
-
-            - parameter session:      The session containing the task that was replaced by a download task.
-            - parameter dataTask:     The data task that was replaced by a download task.
-            - parameter downloadTask: The new download task that replaced the data task.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didBecomeDownloadTask downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask)
-        {
-            if let dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask = dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask {
-                dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask(session, dataTask, downloadTask)
-            } else {
-                let downloadDelegate = Request.DownloadTaskDelegate(task: downloadTask)
-                self[downloadTask] = downloadDelegate
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the data task has received some of the expected data.
-
-            - parameter session:  The session containing the data task that provided data.
-            - parameter dataTask: The data task that provided data.
-            - parameter data:     A data object containing the transferred data.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask, didReceiveData data: NSData) {
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveData = dataTaskDidReceiveData {
-                dataTaskDidReceiveData(session, dataTask, data)
-            } else if let delegate = self[dataTask] as? Request.DataTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, dataTask: dataTask, didReceiveData: data)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Asks the delegate whether the data (or upload) task should store the response in the cache.
-
-            - parameter session:           The session containing the data (or upload) task.
-            - parameter dataTask:          The data (or upload) task.
-            - parameter proposedResponse:  The default caching behavior. This behavior is determined based on the current 
-                                           caching policy and the values of certain received headers, such as the Pragma 
-                                           and Cache-Control headers.
-            - parameter completionHandler: A block that your handler must call, providing either the original proposed 
-                                           response, a modified version of that response, or NULL to prevent caching the 
-                                           response. If your delegate implements this method, it must call this completion 
-                                           handler; otherwise, your app leaks memory.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            willCacheResponse proposedResponse: NSCachedURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: NSCachedURLResponse? -> Void)
-        {
-            guard dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion == nil else {
-                dataTaskWillCacheResponseWithCompletion?(session, dataTask, proposedResponse, completionHandler)
-                return
-            }
-
-            if let dataTaskWillCacheResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse {
-                completionHandler(dataTaskWillCacheResponse(session, dataTask, proposedResponse))
-            } else if let delegate = self[dataTask] as? Request.DataTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    dataTask: dataTask,
-                    willCacheResponse: proposedResponse,
-                    completionHandler: completionHandler
-                )
-            } else {
-                completionHandler(proposedResponse)
-            }
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate method `URLSession:downloadTask:didFinishDownloadingToURL:`.
-        public var downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, NSURL) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate method `URLSession:downloadTask:didWriteData:totalBytesWritten:totalBytesExpectedToWrite:`.
-        public var downloadTaskDidWriteData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate method `URLSession:downloadTask:didResumeAtOffset:expectedTotalBytes:`.
-        public var downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDownloadTask, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that a download task has finished downloading.
-
-            - parameter session:      The session containing the download task that finished.
-            - parameter downloadTask: The download task that finished.
-            - parameter location:     A file URL for the temporary file. Because the file is temporary, you must either 
-                                      open the file for reading or move it to a permanent location in your app’s sandbox 
-                                      container directory before returning from this delegate method.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didFinishDownloadingToURL location: NSURL)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL = downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL {
-                downloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingToURL(session, downloadTask, location)
-            } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask] as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(session, downloadTask: downloadTask, didFinishDownloadingToURL: location)
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Periodically informs the delegate about the download’s progress.
-
-            - parameter session:                   The session containing the download task.
-            - parameter downloadTask:              The download task.
-            - parameter bytesWritten:              The number of bytes transferred since the last time this delegate 
-                                                   method was called.
-            - parameter totalBytesWritten:         The total number of bytes transferred so far.
-            - parameter totalBytesExpectedToWrite: The expected length of the file, as provided by the Content-Length 
-                                                   header. If this header was not provided, the value is 
-                                                   `NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown`.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesWritten: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidWriteData = downloadTaskDidWriteData {
-                downloadTaskDidWriteData(session, downloadTask, bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
-            } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask] as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    downloadTask: downloadTask,
-                    didWriteData: bytesWritten,
-                    totalBytesWritten: totalBytesWritten,
-                    totalBytesExpectedToWrite: totalBytesExpectedToWrite
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-            Tells the delegate that the download task has resumed downloading.
-
-            - parameter session:            The session containing the download task that finished.
-            - parameter downloadTask:       The download task that resumed. See explanation in the discussion.
-            - parameter fileOffset:         If the file's cache policy or last modified date prevents reuse of the 
-                                            existing content, then this value is zero. Otherwise, this value is an 
-                                            integer representing the number of bytes on disk that do not need to be 
-                                            retrieved again.
-            - parameter expectedTotalBytes: The expected length of the file, as provided by the Content-Length header. 
-                                            If this header was not provided, the value is NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown.
-        */
-        public func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask,
-            didResumeAtOffset fileOffset: Int64,
-            expectedTotalBytes: Int64)
-        {
-            if let downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset = downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset {
-                downloadTaskDidResumeAtOffset(session, downloadTask, fileOffset, expectedTotalBytes)
-            } else if let delegate = self[downloadTask] as? Request.DownloadTaskDelegate {
-                delegate.URLSession(
-                    session,
-                    downloadTask: downloadTask,
-                    didResumeAtOffset: fileOffset,
-                    expectedTotalBytes: expectedTotalBytes
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionStreamDelegate
-
-        var _streamTaskReadClosed: Any?
-        var _streamTaskWriteClosed: Any?
-        var _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered: Any?
-        var _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream: Any?
-
-        // MARK: - NSObject
-
-        public override func respondsToSelector(selector: Selector) -> Bool {
-            #if !os(OSX)
-                if selector == #selector(NSURLSessionDelegate.URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession(_:)) {
-                    return sessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession != nil
-                }
-            #endif
-
-            switch selector {
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionDelegate.URLSession(_:didBecomeInvalidWithError:)):
-                return sessionDidBecomeInvalidWithError != nil
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionDelegate.URLSession(_:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:)):
-                return sessionDidReceiveChallenge != nil
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionTaskDelegate.URLSession(_:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:)):
-                return taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection != nil
-            case #selector(NSURLSessionDataDelegate.URLSession(_:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:)):
-                return dataTaskDidReceiveResponse != nil
-            default:
-                return self.dynamicType.instancesRespondToSelector(selector)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/MultipartFormData.swift

-// MultipartFormData.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-#if os(iOS) || os(watchOS) || os(tvOS)
-import MobileCoreServices
-#elseif os(OSX)
-import CoreServices
-#endif
-
-/**
-    Constructs `multipart/form-data` for uploads within an HTTP or HTTPS body. There are currently two ways to encode 
-    multipart form data. The first way is to encode the data directly in memory. This is very efficient, but can lead 
-    to memory issues if the dataset is too large. The second way is designed for larger datasets and will write all the 
-    data to a single file on disk with all the proper boundary segmentation. The second approach MUST be used for 
-    larger datasets such as video content, otherwise your app may run out of memory when trying to encode the dataset.
-
-    For more information on `multipart/form-data` in general, please refer to the RFC-2388 and RFC-2045 specs as well
-    and the w3 form documentation.
-
-    - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2388.txt
-    - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
-    - https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13
-*/
-public class MultipartFormData {
-
-    // MARK: - Helper Types
-
-    struct EncodingCharacters {
-        static let CRLF = "\r\n"
-    }
-
-    struct BoundaryGenerator {
-        enum BoundaryType {
-            case Initial, Encapsulated, Final
-        }
-
-        static func randomBoundary() -> String {
-            return String(format: "alamofire.boundary.%08x%08x", arc4random(), arc4random())
-        }
-
-        static func boundaryData(boundaryType boundaryType: BoundaryType, boundary: String) -> NSData {
-            let boundaryText: String
-
-            switch boundaryType {
-            case .Initial:
-                boundaryText = "--\(boundary)\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
-            case .Encapsulated:
-                boundaryText = "\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)--\(boundary)\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
-            case .Final:
-                boundaryText = "\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)--\(boundary)--\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
-            }
-
-            return boundaryText.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: false)!
-        }
-    }
-
-    class BodyPart {
-        let headers: [String: String]
-        let bodyStream: NSInputStream
-        let bodyContentLength: UInt64
-        var hasInitialBoundary = false
-        var hasFinalBoundary = false
-
-        init(headers: [String: String], bodyStream: NSInputStream, bodyContentLength: UInt64) {
-            self.headers = headers
-            self.bodyStream = bodyStream
-            self.bodyContentLength = bodyContentLength
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Properties
-
-    /// The `Content-Type` header value containing the boundary used to generate the `multipart/form-data`.
-    public var contentType: String { return "multipart/form-data; boundary=\(boundary)" }
-
-    /// The content length of all body parts used to generate the `multipart/form-data` not including the boundaries.
-    public var contentLength: UInt64 { return bodyParts.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.bodyContentLength } }
-
-    /// The boundary used to separate the body parts in the encoded form data.
-    public let boundary: String
-
-    private var bodyParts: [BodyPart]
-    private var bodyPartError: NSError?
-    private let streamBufferSize: Int
-
-    // MARK: - Lifecycle
-
-    /**
-        Creates a multipart form data object.
-
-        - returns: The multipart form data object.
-    */
-    public init() {
-        self.boundary = BoundaryGenerator.randomBoundary()
-        self.bodyParts = []
-
-        /**
-         *  The optimal read/write buffer size in bytes for input and output streams is 1024 (1KB). For more 
-         *  information, please refer to the following article:
-         *    - https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Streams/Articles/ReadingInputStreams.html
-         */
-
-        self.streamBufferSize = 1024
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Body Parts
-
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter data: The data to encode into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name: The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(data data: NSData, name: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name)
-        let stream = NSInputStream(data: data)
-        let length = UInt64(data.length)
-
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{generated mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter data:     The data to encode into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the data content type in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(data data: NSData, name: String, mimeType: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, mimeType: mimeType)
-        let stream = NSInputStream(data: data)
-        let length = UInt64(data.length)
-
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the data and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded file data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter data:     The data to encode into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the data in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the data in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(data data: NSData, name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
-        let stream = NSInputStream(data: data)
-        let length = UInt64(data.length)
-
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the file and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{generated filename}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{generated mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded file data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        The filename in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header is generated from the last path component of the
-        `fileURL`. The `Content-Type` HTTP header MIME type is generated by mapping the `fileURL` extension to the
-        system associated MIME type.
-
-        - parameter fileURL: The URL of the file whose content will be encoded into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:    The name to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(fileURL fileURL: NSURL, name: String) {
-        if let
-            fileName = fileURL.lastPathComponent,
-            pathExtension = fileURL.pathExtension
-        {
-            let mimeType = mimeTypeForPathExtension(pathExtension)
-            appendBodyPart(fileURL: fileURL, name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
-        } else {
-            let failureReason = "Failed to extract the fileName of the provided URL: \(fileURL)"
-            setBodyPartError(Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason))
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the file and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename} (HTTP Header)
-        - Content-Type: #{mimeType} (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded file data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter fileURL:  The URL of the file whose content will be encoded into the multipart form data.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the file content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the file content in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(fileURL fileURL: NSURL, name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
-
-        //============================================================
-        //                 Check 1 - is file URL?
-        //============================================================
-
-        guard fileURL.fileURL else {
-            let failureReason = "The file URL does not point to a file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
-            return
-        }
-
-        //============================================================
-        //              Check 2 - is file URL reachable?
-        //============================================================
-
-        var isReachable = true
-
-        if #available(OSX 10.10, *) {
-            isReachable = fileURL.checkPromisedItemIsReachableAndReturnError(nil)
-        }
-
-        guard isReachable else {
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: "The file URL is not reachable: \(fileURL)")
-            setBodyPartError(error)
-            return
-        }
-
-        //============================================================
-        //            Check 3 - is file URL a directory?
-        //============================================================
-
-        var isDirectory: ObjCBool = false
-
-        guard let
-            path = fileURL.path
-            where NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(path, isDirectory: &isDirectory) && !isDirectory else
-        {
-            let failureReason = "The file URL is a directory, not a file: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
-            return
-        }
-
-        //============================================================
-        //          Check 4 - can the file size be extracted?
-        //============================================================
-
-        var bodyContentLength: UInt64?
-
-        do {
-            if let
-                path = fileURL.path,
-                fileSize = try NSFileManager.defaultManager().attributesOfItemAtPath(path)[NSFileSize] as? NSNumber
-            {
-                bodyContentLength = fileSize.unsignedLongLongValue
-            }
-        } catch {
-            // No-op
-        }
-
-        guard let length = bodyContentLength else {
-            let failureReason = "Could not fetch attributes from the file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
-            return
-        }
-
-        //============================================================
-        //       Check 5 - can a stream be created from file URL?
-        //============================================================
-
-        guard let stream = NSInputStream(URL: fileURL) else {
-            let failureReason = "Failed to create an input stream from the file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            let error = Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorCannotOpenFile, failureReason: failureReason)
-            setBodyPartError(error)
-            return
-        }
-
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a body part from the stream and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=#{name}; filename=#{filename}` (HTTP Header)
-        - `Content-Type: #{mimeType}` (HTTP Header)
-        - Encoded stream data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter stream:   The input stream to encode in the multipart form data.
-        - parameter length:   The content length of the stream.
-        - parameter name:     The name to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter fileName: The filename to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Disposition` HTTP header.
-        - parameter mimeType: The MIME type to associate with the stream content in the `Content-Type` HTTP header.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(
-        stream stream: NSInputStream,
-        length: UInt64,
-        name: String,
-        fileName: String,
-        mimeType: String)
-    {
-        let headers = contentHeaders(name: name, fileName: fileName, mimeType: mimeType)
-        appendBodyPart(stream: stream, length: length, headers: headers)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a body part with the headers, stream and length and appends it to the multipart form data object.
-
-        The body part data will be encoded using the following format:
-
-        - HTTP headers
-        - Encoded stream data
-        - Multipart form boundary
-
-        - parameter stream:  The input stream to encode in the multipart form data.
-        - parameter length:  The content length of the stream.
-        - parameter headers: The HTTP headers for the body part.
-    */
-    public func appendBodyPart(stream stream: NSInputStream, length: UInt64, headers: [String: String]) {
-        let bodyPart = BodyPart(headers: headers, bodyStream: stream, bodyContentLength: length)
-        bodyParts.append(bodyPart)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Data Encoding
-
-    /**
-        Encodes all the appended body parts into a single `NSData` object.
-
-        It is important to note that this method will load all the appended body parts into memory all at the same 
-        time. This method should only be used when the encoded data will have a small memory footprint. For large data 
-        cases, please use the `writeEncodedDataToDisk(fileURL:completionHandler:)` method.
-
-        - throws: An `NSError` if encoding encounters an error.
-
-        - returns: The encoded `NSData` if encoding is successful.
-    */
-    public func encode() throws -> NSData {
-        if let bodyPartError = bodyPartError {
-            throw bodyPartError
-        }
-
-        let encoded = NSMutableData()
-
-        bodyParts.first?.hasInitialBoundary = true
-        bodyParts.last?.hasFinalBoundary = true
-
-        for bodyPart in bodyParts {
-            let encodedData = try encodeBodyPart(bodyPart)
-            encoded.appendData(encodedData)
-        }
-
-        return encoded
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Writes the appended body parts into the given file URL.
-
-        This process is facilitated by reading and writing with input and output streams, respectively. Thus,
-        this approach is very memory efficient and should be used for large body part data.
-
-        - parameter fileURL: The file URL to write the multipart form data into.
-
-        - throws: An `NSError` if encoding encounters an error.
-    */
-    public func writeEncodedDataToDisk(fileURL: NSURL) throws {
-        if let bodyPartError = bodyPartError {
-            throw bodyPartError
-        }
-
-        if let path = fileURL.path where NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(path) {
-            let failureReason = "A file already exists at the given file URL: \(fileURL)"
-            throw Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-        } else if !fileURL.fileURL {
-            let failureReason = "The URL does not point to a valid file: \(fileURL)"
-            throw Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorBadURL, failureReason: failureReason)
-        }
-
-        let outputStream: NSOutputStream
-
-        if let possibleOutputStream = NSOutputStream(URL: fileURL, append: false) {
-            outputStream = possibleOutputStream
-        } else {
-            let failureReason = "Failed to create an output stream with the given URL: \(fileURL)"
-            throw Error.errorWithCode(NSURLErrorCannotOpenFile, failureReason: failureReason)
-        }
-
-        outputStream.open()
-
-        self.bodyParts.first?.hasInitialBoundary = true
-        self.bodyParts.last?.hasFinalBoundary = true
-
-        for bodyPart in self.bodyParts {
-            try writeBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        }
-
-        outputStream.close()
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Body Part Encoding
-
-    private func encodeBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart) throws -> NSData {
-        let encoded = NSMutableData()
-
-        let initialData = bodyPart.hasInitialBoundary ? initialBoundaryData() : encapsulatedBoundaryData()
-        encoded.appendData(initialData)
-
-        let headerData = encodeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart)
-        encoded.appendData(headerData)
-
-        let bodyStreamData = try encodeBodyStreamDataForBodyPart(bodyPart)
-        encoded.appendData(bodyStreamData)
-
-        if bodyPart.hasFinalBoundary {
-            encoded.appendData(finalBoundaryData())
-        }
-
-        return encoded
-    }
-
-    private func encodeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart) -> NSData {
-        var headerText = ""
-
-        for (key, value) in bodyPart.headers {
-            headerText += "\(key): \(value)\(EncodingCharacters.CRLF)"
-        }
-        headerText += EncodingCharacters.CRLF
-
-        return headerText.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: false)!
-    }
-
-    private func encodeBodyStreamDataForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart) throws -> NSData {
-        let inputStream = bodyPart.bodyStream
-        inputStream.open()
-
-        var error: NSError?
-        let encoded = NSMutableData()
-
-        while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
-            var buffer = [UInt8](count: streamBufferSize, repeatedValue: 0)
-            let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: streamBufferSize)
-
-            if inputStream.streamError != nil {
-                error = inputStream.streamError
-                break
-            }
-
-            if bytesRead > 0 {
-                encoded.appendBytes(buffer, length: bytesRead)
-            } else if bytesRead < 0 {
-                let failureReason = "Failed to read from input stream: \(inputStream)"
-                error = Error.errorWithCode(.InputStreamReadFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                break
-            } else {
-                break
-            }
-        }
-
-        inputStream.close()
-
-        if let error = error {
-            throw error
-        }
-
-        return encoded
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Writing Body Part to Output Stream
-
-    private func writeBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        try writeInitialBoundaryDataForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        try writeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        try writeBodyStreamForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        try writeFinalBoundaryDataForBodyPart(bodyPart, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-    }
-
-    private func writeInitialBoundaryDataForBodyPart(
-        bodyPart: BodyPart,
-        toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream)
-        throws
-    {
-        let initialData = bodyPart.hasInitialBoundary ? initialBoundaryData() : encapsulatedBoundaryData()
-        return try writeData(initialData, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-    }
-
-    private func writeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        let headerData = encodeHeaderDataForBodyPart(bodyPart)
-        return try writeData(headerData, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-    }
-
-    private func writeBodyStreamForBodyPart(bodyPart: BodyPart, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        let inputStream = bodyPart.bodyStream
-        inputStream.open()
-
-        while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
-            var buffer = [UInt8](count: streamBufferSize, repeatedValue: 0)
-            let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: streamBufferSize)
-
-            if let streamError = inputStream.streamError {
-                throw streamError
-            }
-
-            if bytesRead > 0 {
-                if buffer.count != bytesRead {
-                    buffer = Array(buffer[0..<bytesRead])
-                }
-
-                try writeBuffer(&buffer, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-            } else if bytesRead < 0 {
-                let failureReason = "Failed to read from input stream: \(inputStream)"
-                throw Error.errorWithCode(.InputStreamReadFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-            } else {
-                break
-            }
-        }
-
-        inputStream.close()
-    }
-
-    private func writeFinalBoundaryDataForBodyPart(
-        bodyPart: BodyPart,
-        toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream)
-        throws
-    {
-        if bodyPart.hasFinalBoundary {
-            return try writeData(finalBoundaryData(), toOutputStream: outputStream)
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Writing Buffered Data to Output Stream
-
-    private func writeData(data: NSData, toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        var buffer = [UInt8](count: data.length, repeatedValue: 0)
-        data.getBytes(&buffer, length: data.length)
-
-        return try writeBuffer(&buffer, toOutputStream: outputStream)
-    }
-
-    private func writeBuffer(inout buffer: [UInt8], toOutputStream outputStream: NSOutputStream) throws {
-        var bytesToWrite = buffer.count
-
-        while bytesToWrite > 0 {
-            if outputStream.hasSpaceAvailable {
-                let bytesWritten = outputStream.write(buffer, maxLength: bytesToWrite)
-
-                if let streamError = outputStream.streamError {
-                    throw streamError
-                }
-
-                if bytesWritten < 0 {
-                    let failureReason = "Failed to write to output stream: \(outputStream)"
-                    throw Error.errorWithCode(.OutputStreamWriteFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                }
-
-                bytesToWrite -= bytesWritten
-
-                if bytesToWrite > 0 {
-                    buffer = Array(buffer[bytesWritten..<buffer.count])
-                }
-            } else if let streamError = outputStream.streamError {
-                throw streamError
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Mime Type
-
-    private func mimeTypeForPathExtension(pathExtension: String) -> String {
-        if let
-            id = UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, pathExtension, nil)?.takeRetainedValue(),
-            contentType = UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass(id, kUTTagClassMIMEType)?.takeRetainedValue()
-        {
-            return contentType as String
-        }
-
-        return "application/octet-stream"
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Content Headers
-
-    private func contentHeaders(name name: String) -> [String: String] {
-        return ["Content-Disposition": "form-data; name=\"\(name)\""]
-    }
-
-    private func contentHeaders(name name: String, mimeType: String) -> [String: String] {
-        return [
-            "Content-Disposition": "form-data; name=\"\(name)\"",
-            "Content-Type": "\(mimeType)"
-        ]
-    }
-
-    private func contentHeaders(name name: String, fileName: String, mimeType: String) -> [String: String] {
-        return [
-            "Content-Disposition": "form-data; name=\"\(name)\"; filename=\"\(fileName)\"",
-            "Content-Type": "\(mimeType)"
-        ]
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Boundary Encoding
-
-    private func initialBoundaryData() -> NSData {
-        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(boundaryType: .Initial, boundary: boundary)
-    }
-
-    private func encapsulatedBoundaryData() -> NSData {
-        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(boundaryType: .Encapsulated, boundary: boundary)
-    }
-
-    private func finalBoundaryData() -> NSData {
-        return BoundaryGenerator.boundaryData(boundaryType: .Final, boundary: boundary)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Errors
-
-    private func setBodyPartError(error: NSError) {
-        if bodyPartError == nil {
-            bodyPartError = error
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/NetworkReachabilityManager.swift

-// NetworkReachabilityManager.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#if !os(watchOS)
-
-import Foundation
-import SystemConfiguration
-
-/**
-    The `NetworkReachabilityManager` class listens for reachability changes of hosts and addresses for both WWAN and
-    WiFi network interfaces.
-
-    Reachability can be used to determine background information about why a network operation failed, or to retry
-    network requests when a connection is established. It should not be used to prevent a user from initiating a network
-    request, as it's possible that an initial request may be required to establish reachability.
-*/
-public class NetworkReachabilityManager {
-    /**
-        Defines the various states of network reachability.
-
-        - Unknown:         It is unknown whether the network is reachable.
-        - NotReachable:    The network is not reachable.
-        - ReachableOnWWAN: The network is reachable over the WWAN connection.
-        - ReachableOnWiFi: The network is reachable over the WiFi connection.
-    */
-    public enum NetworkReachabilityStatus {
-        case Unknown
-        case NotReachable
-        case Reachable(ConnectionType)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Defines the various connection types detected by reachability flags.
-
-        - EthernetOrWiFi: The connection type is either over Ethernet or WiFi.
-        - WWAN:           The connection type is a WWAN connection.
-    */
-    public enum ConnectionType {
-        case EthernetOrWiFi
-        case WWAN
-    }
-
-    /// A closure executed when the network reachability status changes. The closure takes a single argument: the 
-    /// network reachability status.
-    public typealias Listener = NetworkReachabilityStatus -> Void
-
-    // MARK: - Properties
-
-    /// Whether the network is currently reachable.
-    public var isReachable: Bool { return isReachableOnWWAN || isReachableOnEthernetOrWiFi }
-
-    /// Whether the network is currently reachable over the WWAN interface.
-    public var isReachableOnWWAN: Bool { return networkReachabilityStatus == .Reachable(.WWAN) }
-
-    /// Whether the network is currently reachable over Ethernet or WiFi interface.
-    public var isReachableOnEthernetOrWiFi: Bool { return networkReachabilityStatus == .Reachable(.EthernetOrWiFi) }
-
-    /// The current network reachability status.
-    public var networkReachabilityStatus: NetworkReachabilityStatus {
-        guard let flags = self.flags else { return .Unknown }
-        return networkReachabilityStatusForFlags(flags)
-    }
-
-    /// The dispatch queue to execute the `listener` closure on.
-    public var listenerQueue: dispatch_queue_t = dispatch_get_main_queue()
-
-    /// A closure executed when the network reachability status changes.
-    public var listener: Listener?
-
-    private var flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags? {
-        var flags = SCNetworkReachabilityFlags()
-
-        if SCNetworkReachabilityGetFlags(reachability, &flags) {
-            return flags
-        }
-
-        return nil
-    }
-
-    private let reachability: SCNetworkReachability
-    private var previousFlags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags
-
-    // MARK: - Initialization
-
-    /**
-        Creates a `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance with the specified host.
-
-        - parameter host: The host used to evaluate network reachability.
-
-        - returns: The new `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance.
-    */
-    public convenience init?(host: String) {
-        guard let reachability = SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithName(nil, host) else { return nil }
-        self.init(reachability: reachability)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance with the default socket IPv4 or IPv6 address.
-
-        - returns: The new `NetworkReachabilityManager` instance.
-     */
-    public convenience init?() {
-        if #available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.10, *) {
-            var address = sockaddr_in6()
-            address.sin6_len = UInt8(sizeofValue(address))
-            address.sin6_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET6)
-
-            guard let reachability = withUnsafePointer(&address, {
-                SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, UnsafePointer($0))
-            }) else { return nil }
-
-            self.init(reachability: reachability)
-        } else {
-            var address = sockaddr_in()
-            address.sin_len = UInt8(sizeofValue(address))
-            address.sin_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET)
-
-            guard let reachability = withUnsafePointer(&address, {
-                SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, UnsafePointer($0))
-            }) else { return nil }
-
-            self.init(reachability: reachability)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private init(reachability: SCNetworkReachability) {
-        self.reachability = reachability
-        self.previousFlags = SCNetworkReachabilityFlags()
-    }
-
-    deinit {
-        stopListening()
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Listening
-
-    /**
-        Starts listening for changes in network reachability status.
-
-        - returns: `true` if listening was started successfully, `false` otherwise.
-    */
-    public func startListening() -> Bool {
-        var context = SCNetworkReachabilityContext(version: 0, info: nil, retain: nil, release: nil, copyDescription: nil)
-        context.info = UnsafeMutablePointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(self).toOpaque())
-
-        let callbackEnabled = SCNetworkReachabilitySetCallback(
-            reachability,
-            { (_, flags, info) in
-                let reachability = Unmanaged<NetworkReachabilityManager>.fromOpaque(COpaquePointer(info)).takeUnretainedValue()
-                reachability.notifyListener(flags)
-            },
-            &context
-        )
-
-        let queueEnabled = SCNetworkReachabilitySetDispatchQueue(reachability, listenerQueue)
-
-        dispatch_async(listenerQueue) {
-            self.previousFlags = SCNetworkReachabilityFlags()
-            self.notifyListener(self.flags ?? SCNetworkReachabilityFlags())
-        }
-
-        return callbackEnabled && queueEnabled
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Stops listening for changes in network reachability status.
-    */
-    public func stopListening() {
-        SCNetworkReachabilitySetCallback(reachability, nil, nil)
-        SCNetworkReachabilitySetDispatchQueue(reachability, nil)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Internal - Listener Notification
-
-    func notifyListener(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) {
-        guard previousFlags != flags else { return }
-        previousFlags = flags
-
-        listener?(networkReachabilityStatusForFlags(flags))
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Internal - Network Reachability Status
-
-    func networkReachabilityStatusForFlags(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> NetworkReachabilityStatus {
-        guard flags.contains(.Reachable) else { return .NotReachable }
-
-        var networkStatus: NetworkReachabilityStatus = .NotReachable
-
-        if !flags.contains(.ConnectionRequired) { networkStatus = .Reachable(.EthernetOrWiFi) }
-
-        if flags.contains(.ConnectionOnDemand) || flags.contains(.ConnectionOnTraffic) {
-            if !flags.contains(.InterventionRequired) { networkStatus = .Reachable(.EthernetOrWiFi) }
-        }
-
-        #if os(iOS)
-            if flags.contains(.IsWWAN) { networkStatus = .Reachable(.WWAN) }
-        #endif
-
-        return networkStatus
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-extension NetworkReachabilityManager.NetworkReachabilityStatus: Equatable {}
-
-/**
-    Returns whether the two network reachability status values are equal.
-
-    - parameter lhs: The left-hand side value to compare.
-    - parameter rhs: The right-hand side value to compare.
-
-    - returns: `true` if the two values are equal, `false` otherwise.
-*/
-public func ==(
-    lhs: NetworkReachabilityManager.NetworkReachabilityStatus,
-    rhs: NetworkReachabilityManager.NetworkReachabilityStatus)
-    -> Bool
-{
-    switch (lhs, rhs) {
-    case (.Unknown, .Unknown):
-        return true
-    case (.NotReachable, .NotReachable):
-        return true
-    case let (.Reachable(lhsConnectionType), .Reachable(rhsConnectionType)):
-        return lhsConnectionType == rhsConnectionType
-    default:
-        return false
-    }
-}
-
-#endif

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Notifications.swift

-// Notifications.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/// Contains all the `NSNotification` names posted by Alamofire with descriptions of each notification's payload.
-public struct Notifications {
-    /// Used as a namespace for all `NSURLSessionTask` related notifications.
-    public struct Task {
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is resumed. The notification `object` contains the resumed
-        /// `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidResume = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didResume"
-
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is suspended. The notification `object` contains the 
-        /// suspended `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidSuspend = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didSuspend"
-
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is cancelled. The notification `object` contains the
-        /// cancelled `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidCancel = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didCancel"
-
-        /// Notification posted when an `NSURLSessionTask` is completed. The notification `object` contains the
-        /// completed `NSURLSessionTask`.
-        public static let DidComplete = "com.alamofire.notifications.task.didComplete"
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/ParameterEncoding.swift

-// ParameterEncoding.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/**
-    HTTP method definitions.
-
-    See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3
-*/
-public enum Method: String {
-    case OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT
-}
-
-// MARK: ParameterEncoding
-
-/**
-    Used to specify the way in which a set of parameters are applied to a URL request.
-
-    - `URL`:             Creates a query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query for `GET`, `HEAD`, 
-                         and `DELETE` requests, or set as the body for requests with any other HTTP method. The 
-                         `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request with HTTP body is set to
-                         `application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8`. Since there is no published specification
-                         for how to encode collection types, the convention of appending `[]` to the key for array
-                         values (`foo[]=1&foo[]=2`), and appending the key surrounded by square brackets for nested
-                         dictionary values (`foo[bar]=baz`).
-
-    - `URLEncodedInURL`: Creates query string to be set as or appended to any existing URL query. Uses the same
-                         implementation as the `.URL` case, but always applies the encoded result to the URL.
-
-    - `JSON`:            Uses `NSJSONSerialization` to create a JSON representation of the parameters object, which is 
-                         set as the body of the request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is 
-                         set to `application/json`.
-
-    - `PropertyList`:    Uses `NSPropertyListSerialization` to create a plist representation of the parameters object,
-                         according to the associated format and write options values, which is set as the body of the
-                         request. The `Content-Type` HTTP header field of an encoded request is set to
-                         `application/x-plist`.
-
-    - `Custom`:          Uses the associated closure value to construct a new request given an existing request and
-                         parameters.
-*/
-public enum ParameterEncoding {
-    case URL
-    case URLEncodedInURL
-    case JSON
-    case PropertyList(NSPropertyListFormat, NSPropertyListWriteOptions)
-    case Custom((URLRequestConvertible, [String: AnyObject]?) -> (NSMutableURLRequest, NSError?))
-
-    /**
-        Creates a URL request by encoding parameters and applying them onto an existing request.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The request to have parameters applied.
-        - parameter parameters: The parameters to apply.
-
-        - returns: A tuple containing the constructed request and the error that occurred during parameter encoding, 
-                   if any.
-    */
-    public func encode(
-        URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
-        parameters: [String: AnyObject]?)
-        -> (NSMutableURLRequest, NSError?)
-    {
-        var mutableURLRequest = URLRequest.URLRequest
-
-        guard let parameters = parameters else { return (mutableURLRequest, nil) }
-
-        var encodingError: NSError? = nil
-
-        switch self {
-        case .URL, .URLEncodedInURL:
-            func query(parameters: [String: AnyObject]) -> String {
-                var components: [(String, String)] = []
-
-                for key in parameters.keys.sort(<) {
-                    let value = parameters[key]!
-                    components += queryComponents(key, value)
-                }
-
-                return (components.map { "\($0)=\($1)" } as [String]).joinWithSeparator("&")
-            }
-
-            func encodesParametersInURL(method: Method) -> Bool {
-                switch self {
-                case .URLEncodedInURL:
-                    return true
-                default:
-                    break
-                }
-
-                switch method {
-                case .GET, .HEAD, .DELETE:
-                    return true
-                default:
-                    return false
-                }
-            }
-
-            if let method = Method(rawValue: mutableURLRequest.HTTPMethod) where encodesParametersInURL(method) {
-                if let
-                    URLComponents = NSURLComponents(URL: mutableURLRequest.URL!, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false)
-                    where !parameters.isEmpty
-                {
-                    let percentEncodedQuery = (URLComponents.percentEncodedQuery.map { $0 + "&" } ?? "") + query(parameters)
-                    URLComponents.percentEncodedQuery = percentEncodedQuery
-                    mutableURLRequest.URL = URLComponents.URL
-                }
-            } else {
-                if mutableURLRequest.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Content-Type") == nil {
-                    mutableURLRequest.setValue(
-                        "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
-                        forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type"
-                    )
-                }
-
-                mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = query(parameters).dataUsingEncoding(
-                    NSUTF8StringEncoding,
-                    allowLossyConversion: false
-                )
-            }
-        case .JSON:
-            do {
-                let options = NSJSONWritingOptions()
-                let data = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(parameters, options: options)
-
-                if mutableURLRequest.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Content-Type") == nil {
-                    mutableURLRequest.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-                }
-
-                mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = data
-            } catch {
-                encodingError = error as NSError
-            }
-        case .PropertyList(let format, let options):
-            do {
-                let data = try NSPropertyListSerialization.dataWithPropertyList(
-                    parameters,
-                    format: format,
-                    options: options
-                )
-
-                if mutableURLRequest.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Content-Type") == nil {
-                    mutableURLRequest.setValue("application/x-plist", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-                }
-
-                mutableURLRequest.HTTPBody = data
-            } catch {
-                encodingError = error as NSError
-            }
-        case .Custom(let closure):
-            (mutableURLRequest, encodingError) = closure(mutableURLRequest, parameters)
-        }
-
-        return (mutableURLRequest, encodingError)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates percent-escaped, URL encoded query string components from the given key-value pair using recursion.
-
-        - parameter key:   The key of the query component.
-        - parameter value: The value of the query component.
-
-        - returns: The percent-escaped, URL encoded query string components.
-    */
-    public func queryComponents(key: String, _ value: AnyObject) -> [(String, String)] {
-        var components: [(String, String)] = []
-
-        if let dictionary = value as? [String: AnyObject] {
-            for (nestedKey, value) in dictionary {
-                components += queryComponents("\(key)[\(nestedKey)]", value)
-            }
-        } else if let array = value as? [AnyObject] {
-            for value in array {
-                components += queryComponents("\(key)[]", value)
-            }
-        } else {
-            components.append((escape(key), escape("\(value)")))
-        }
-
-        return components
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Returns a percent-escaped string following RFC 3986 for a query string key or value.
-
-        RFC 3986 states that the following characters are "reserved" characters.
-
-        - General Delimiters: ":", "#", "[", "]", "@", "?", "/"
-        - Sub-Delimiters: "!", "$", "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", "+", ",", ";", "="
-
-        In RFC 3986 - Section 3.4, it states that the "?" and "/" characters should not be escaped to allow
-        query strings to include a URL. Therefore, all "reserved" characters with the exception of "?" and "/"
-        should be percent-escaped in the query string.
-
-        - parameter string: The string to be percent-escaped.
-
-        - returns: The percent-escaped string.
-    */
-    public func escape(string: String) -> String {
-        let generalDelimitersToEncode = ":#[]@" // does not include "?" or "/" due to RFC 3986 - Section 3.4
-        let subDelimitersToEncode = "!$&'()*+,;="
-
-        let allowedCharacterSet = NSCharacterSet.URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet().mutableCopy() as! NSMutableCharacterSet
-        allowedCharacterSet.removeCharactersInString(generalDelimitersToEncode + subDelimitersToEncode)
-
-        var escaped = ""
-
-        //==========================================================================================================
-        //
-        //  Batching is required for escaping due to an internal bug in iOS 8.1 and 8.2. Encoding more than a few
-        //  hundred Chinense characters causes various malloc error crashes. To avoid this issue until iOS 8 is no
-        //  longer supported, batching MUST be used for encoding. This introduces roughly a 20% overhead. For more
-        //  info, please refer to:
-        //
-        //      - https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire/issues/206
-        //
-        //==========================================================================================================
-
-        if #available(iOS 8.3, OSX 10.10, *) {
-            escaped = string.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(allowedCharacterSet) ?? string
-        } else {
-            let batchSize = 50
-            var index = string.startIndex
-
-            while index != string.endIndex {
-                let startIndex = index
-                let endIndex = index.advancedBy(batchSize, limit: string.endIndex)
-                let range = startIndex..<endIndex
-
-                let substring = string.substringWithRange(range)
-
-                escaped += substring.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(allowedCharacterSet) ?? substring
-
-                index = endIndex
-            }
-        }
-
-        return escaped
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Request.swift

-// Request.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/**
-    Responsible for sending a request and receiving the response and associated data from the server, as well as 
-    managing its underlying `NSURLSessionTask`.
-*/
-public class Request {
-
-    // MARK: - Properties
-
-    /// The delegate for the underlying task.
-    public let delegate: TaskDelegate
-
-    /// The underlying task.
-    public var task: NSURLSessionTask { return delegate.task }
-
-    /// The session belonging to the underlying task.
-    public let session: NSURLSession
-
-    /// The request sent or to be sent to the server.
-    public var request: NSURLRequest? { return task.originalRequest }
-
-    /// The response received from the server, if any.
-    public var response: NSHTTPURLResponse? { return task.response as? NSHTTPURLResponse }
-
-    /// The progress of the request lifecycle.
-    public var progress: NSProgress { return delegate.progress }
-
-    var startTime: CFAbsoluteTime?
-    var endTime: CFAbsoluteTime?
-
-    // MARK: - Lifecycle
-
-    init(session: NSURLSession, task: NSURLSessionTask) {
-        self.session = session
-
-        switch task {
-        case is NSURLSessionUploadTask:
-            delegate = UploadTaskDelegate(task: task)
-        case is NSURLSessionDataTask:
-            delegate = DataTaskDelegate(task: task)
-        case is NSURLSessionDownloadTask:
-            delegate = DownloadTaskDelegate(task: task)
-        default:
-            delegate = TaskDelegate(task: task)
-        }
-
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock { self.endTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Authentication
-
-    /**
-        Associates an HTTP Basic credential with the request.
-
-        - parameter user:        The user.
-        - parameter password:    The password.
-        - parameter persistence: The URL credential persistence. `.ForSession` by default.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func authenticate(
-        user user: String,
-        password: String,
-        persistence: NSURLCredentialPersistence = .ForSession)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        let credential = NSURLCredential(user: user, password: password, persistence: persistence)
-
-        return authenticate(usingCredential: credential)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Associates a specified credential with the request.
-
-        - parameter credential: The credential.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func authenticate(usingCredential credential: NSURLCredential) -> Self {
-        delegate.credential = credential
-
-        return self
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Progress
-
-    /**
-        Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the request as data is written to or read 
-        from the server.
-
-        - For uploads, the progress closure returns the bytes written, total bytes written, and total bytes expected 
-          to write.
-        - For downloads and data tasks, the progress closure returns the bytes read, total bytes read, and total bytes 
-          expected to read.
-
-        - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically during the lifecycle of the request.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func progress(closure: ((Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)? = nil) -> Self {
-        if let uploadDelegate = delegate as? UploadTaskDelegate {
-            uploadDelegate.uploadProgress = closure
-        } else if let dataDelegate = delegate as? DataTaskDelegate {
-            dataDelegate.dataProgress = closure
-        } else if let downloadDelegate = delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate {
-            downloadDelegate.downloadProgress = closure
-        }
-
-        return self
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Sets a closure to be called periodically during the lifecycle of the request as data is read from the server.
-
-        This closure returns the bytes most recently received from the server, not including data from previous calls. 
-        If this closure is set, data will only be available within this closure, and will not be saved elsewhere. It is 
-        also important to note that the `response` closure will be called with nil `responseData`.
-
-        - parameter closure: The code to be executed periodically during the lifecycle of the request.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func stream(closure: (NSData -> Void)? = nil) -> Self {
-        if let dataDelegate = delegate as? DataTaskDelegate {
-            dataDelegate.dataStream = closure
-        }
-
-        return self
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - State
-
-    /**
-        Resumes the request.
-    */
-    public func resume() {
-        if startTime == nil { startTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
-
-        task.resume()
-        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidResume, object: task)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Suspends the request.
-    */
-    public func suspend() {
-        task.suspend()
-        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidSuspend, object: task)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Cancels the request.
-    */
-    public func cancel() {
-        if let
-            downloadDelegate = delegate as? DownloadTaskDelegate,
-            downloadTask = downloadDelegate.downloadTask
-        {
-            downloadTask.cancelByProducingResumeData { data in
-                downloadDelegate.resumeData = data
-            }
-        } else {
-            task.cancel()
-        }
-
-        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(Notifications.Task.DidCancel, object: task)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - TaskDelegate
-
-    /**
-        The task delegate is responsible for handling all delegate callbacks for the underlying task as well as 
-        executing all operations attached to the serial operation queue upon task completion.
-    */
-    public class TaskDelegate: NSObject {
-
-        /// The serial operation queue used to execute all operations after the task completes.
-        public let queue: NSOperationQueue
-
-        let task: NSURLSessionTask
-        let progress: NSProgress
-
-        var data: NSData? { return nil }
-        var error: NSError?
-
-        var initialResponseTime: CFAbsoluteTime?
-        var credential: NSURLCredential?
-
-        init(task: NSURLSessionTask) {
-            self.task = task
-            self.progress = NSProgress(totalUnitCount: 0)
-            self.queue = {
-                let operationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
-                operationQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1
-                operationQueue.suspended = true
-
-                if #available(OSX 10.10, *) {
-                    operationQueue.qualityOfService = NSQualityOfService.Utility
-                }
-
-                return operationQueue
-            }()
-        }
-
-        deinit {
-            queue.cancelAllOperations()
-            queue.suspended = false
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionTaskDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        var taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSHTTPURLResponse, NSURLRequest) -> NSURLRequest?)?
-        var taskDidReceiveChallenge: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge) -> (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?))?
-        var taskNeedNewBodyStream: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask) -> NSInputStream?)?
-        var taskDidCompleteWithError: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, NSError?) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            willPerformHTTPRedirection response: NSHTTPURLResponse,
-            newRequest request: NSURLRequest,
-            completionHandler: ((NSURLRequest?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var redirectRequest: NSURLRequest? = request
-
-            if let taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection {
-                redirectRequest = taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection(session, task, response, request)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(redirectRequest)
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didReceiveChallenge challenge: NSURLAuthenticationChallenge,
-            completionHandler: ((NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition, NSURLCredential?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition = .PerformDefaultHandling
-            var credential: NSURLCredential?
-
-            if let taskDidReceiveChallenge = taskDidReceiveChallenge {
-                (disposition, credential) = taskDidReceiveChallenge(session, task, challenge)
-            } else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
-                let host = challenge.protectionSpace.host
-
-                if let
-                    serverTrustPolicy = session.serverTrustPolicyManager?.serverTrustPolicyForHost(host),
-                    serverTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust
-                {
-                    if serverTrustPolicy.evaluateServerTrust(serverTrust, isValidForHost: host) {
-                        disposition = .UseCredential
-                        credential = NSURLCredential(forTrust: serverTrust)
-                    } else {
-                        disposition = .CancelAuthenticationChallenge
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                if challenge.previousFailureCount > 0 {
-                    disposition = .CancelAuthenticationChallenge
-                } else {
-                    credential = self.credential ?? session.configuration.URLCredentialStorage?.defaultCredentialForProtectionSpace(challenge.protectionSpace)
-
-                    if credential != nil {
-                        disposition = .UseCredential
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(disposition, credential)
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            needNewBodyStream completionHandler: ((NSInputStream?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var bodyStream: NSInputStream?
-
-            if let taskNeedNewBodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream {
-                bodyStream = taskNeedNewBodyStream(session, task)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(bodyStream)
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, task: NSURLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: NSError?) {
-            if let taskDidCompleteWithError = taskDidCompleteWithError {
-                taskDidCompleteWithError(session, task, error)
-            } else {
-                if let error = error {
-                    self.error = error
-
-                    if let
-                        downloadDelegate = self as? DownloadTaskDelegate,
-                        userInfo = error.userInfo as? [String: AnyObject],
-                        resumeData = userInfo[NSURLSessionDownloadTaskResumeData] as? NSData
-                    {
-                        downloadDelegate.resumeData = resumeData
-                    }
-                }
-
-                queue.suspended = false
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - DataTaskDelegate
-
-    class DataTaskDelegate: TaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate {
-        var dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask? { return task as? NSURLSessionDataTask }
-
-        private var totalBytesReceived: Int64 = 0
-        private var mutableData: NSMutableData
-        override var data: NSData? {
-            if dataStream != nil {
-                return nil
-            } else {
-                return mutableData
-            }
-        }
-
-        private var expectedContentLength: Int64?
-        private var dataProgress: ((bytesReceived: Int64, totalBytesReceived: Int64, totalBytesExpectedToReceive: Int64) -> Void)?
-        private var dataStream: ((data: NSData) -> Void)?
-
-        override init(task: NSURLSessionTask) {
-            mutableData = NSMutableData()
-            super.init(task: task)
-        }
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionDataDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        var dataTaskDidReceiveResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLResponse) -> NSURLSessionResponseDisposition)?
-        var dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSURLSessionDownloadTask) -> Void)?
-        var dataTaskDidReceiveData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSData) -> Void)?
-        var dataTaskWillCacheResponse: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionDataTask, NSCachedURLResponse) -> NSCachedURLResponse?)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: (NSURLSessionResponseDisposition -> Void))
-        {
-            var disposition: NSURLSessionResponseDisposition = .Allow
-
-            expectedContentLength = response.expectedContentLength
-
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveResponse = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse {
-                disposition = dataTaskDidReceiveResponse(session, dataTask, response)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(disposition)
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            didBecomeDownloadTask downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask)
-        {
-            dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask?(session, dataTask, downloadTask)
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask, didReceiveData data: NSData) {
-            if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
-
-            if let dataTaskDidReceiveData = dataTaskDidReceiveData {
-                dataTaskDidReceiveData(session, dataTask, data)
-            } else {
-                if let dataStream = dataStream {
-                    dataStream(data: data)
-                } else {
-                    mutableData.appendData(data)
-                }
-
-                totalBytesReceived += data.length
-                let totalBytesExpected = dataTask.response?.expectedContentLength ?? NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown
-
-                progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpected
-                progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesReceived
-
-                dataProgress?(
-                    bytesReceived: Int64(data.length),
-                    totalBytesReceived: totalBytesReceived,
-                    totalBytesExpectedToReceive: totalBytesExpected
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask,
-            willCacheResponse proposedResponse: NSCachedURLResponse,
-            completionHandler: ((NSCachedURLResponse?) -> Void))
-        {
-            var cachedResponse: NSCachedURLResponse? = proposedResponse
-
-            if let dataTaskWillCacheResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse {
-                cachedResponse = dataTaskWillCacheResponse(session, dataTask, proposedResponse)
-            }
-
-            completionHandler(cachedResponse)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
-
-extension Request: CustomStringConvertible {
-
-    /**
-        The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the HTTP method and URL, as 
-        well as the response status code if a response has been received.
-    */
-    public var description: String {
-        var components: [String] = []
-
-        if let HTTPMethod = request?.HTTPMethod {
-            components.append(HTTPMethod)
-        }
-
-        if let URLString = request?.URL?.absoluteString {
-            components.append(URLString)
-        }
-
-        if let response = response {
-            components.append("(\(response.statusCode))")
-        }
-
-        return components.joinWithSeparator(" ")
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
-
-extension Request: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
-    func cURLRepresentation() -> String {
-        var components = ["$ curl -i"]
-
-        guard let
-            request = self.request,
-            URL = request.URL,
-            host = URL.host
-        else {
-            return "$ curl command could not be created"
-        }
-
-        if let HTTPMethod = request.HTTPMethod where HTTPMethod != "GET" {
-            components.append("-X \(HTTPMethod)")
-        }
-
-        if let credentialStorage = self.session.configuration.URLCredentialStorage {
-            let protectionSpace = NSURLProtectionSpace(
-                host: host,
-                port: URL.port?.integerValue ?? 0,
-                protocol: URL.scheme,
-                realm: host,
-                authenticationMethod: NSURLAuthenticationMethodHTTPBasic
-            )
-
-            if let credentials = credentialStorage.credentialsForProtectionSpace(protectionSpace)?.values {
-                for credential in credentials {
-                    components.append("-u \(credential.user!):\(credential.password!)")
-                }
-            } else {
-                if let credential = delegate.credential {
-                    components.append("-u \(credential.user!):\(credential.password!)")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if session.configuration.HTTPShouldSetCookies {
-            if let
-                cookieStorage = session.configuration.HTTPCookieStorage,
-                cookies = cookieStorage.cookiesForURL(URL) where !cookies.isEmpty
-            {
-                let string = cookies.reduce("") { $0 + "\($1.name)=\($1.value ?? String());" }
-                components.append("-b \"\(string.substringToIndex(string.endIndex.predecessor()))\"")
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let headerFields = request.allHTTPHeaderFields {
-            for (field, value) in headerFields {
-                switch field {
-                case "Cookie":
-                    continue
-                default:
-                    components.append("-H \"\(field): \(value)\"")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let additionalHeaders = session.configuration.HTTPAdditionalHeaders {
-            for (field, value) in additionalHeaders {
-                switch field {
-                case "Cookie":
-                    continue
-                default:
-                    components.append("-H \"\(field): \(value)\"")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let
-            HTTPBodyData = request.HTTPBody,
-            HTTPBody = String(data: HTTPBodyData, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
-        {
-            let escapedBody = HTTPBody.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString("\"", withString: "\\\"")
-            components.append("-d \"\(escapedBody)\"")
-        }
-
-        components.append("\"\(URL.absoluteString)\"")
-
-        return components.joinWithSeparator(" \\\n\t")
-    }
-
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, in the form of a cURL command.
-    public var debugDescription: String {
-        return cURLRepresentation()
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Response.swift

-// Response.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/// Used to store all response data returned from a completed `Request`.
-public struct Response<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
-    /// The URL request sent to the server.
-    public let request: NSURLRequest?
-
-    /// The server's response to the URL request.
-    public let response: NSHTTPURLResponse?
-
-    /// The data returned by the server.
-    public let data: NSData?
-
-    /// The result of response serialization.
-    public let result: Result<Value, Error>
-
-    /// The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the `Request`.
-    public let timeline: Timeline
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `Response` instance with the specified URL request, URL response, server data and response
-        serialization result.
-    
-        - parameter request:  The URL request sent to the server.
-        - parameter response: The server's response to the URL request.
-        - parameter data:     The data returned by the server.
-        - parameter result:   The result of response serialization.
-        - parameter timeline: The timeline of the complete lifecycle of the `Request`. Defaults to `Timeline()`.
-
-        - returns: the new `Response` instance.
-    */
-    public init(
-        request: NSURLRequest?,
-        response: NSHTTPURLResponse?,
-        data: NSData?,
-        result: Result<Value, Error>,
-        timeline: Timeline = Timeline())
-    {
-        self.request = request
-        self.response = response
-        self.data = data
-        self.result = result
-        self.timeline = timeline
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
-
-extension Response: CustomStringConvertible {
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes whether the result was a
-    /// success or failure.
-    public var description: String {
-        return result.debugDescription
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
-
-extension Response: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
-    /// The debug textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the URL request, the URL
-    /// response, the server data and the response serialization result.
-    public var debugDescription: String {
-        var output: [String] = []
-
-        output.append(request != nil ? "[Request]: \(request!)" : "[Request]: nil")
-        output.append(response != nil ? "[Response]: \(response!)" : "[Response]: nil")
-        output.append("[Data]: \(data?.length ?? 0) bytes")
-        output.append("[Result]: \(result.debugDescription)")
-        output.append("[Timeline]: \(timeline.debugDescription)")
-
-        return output.joinWithSeparator("\n")
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/ResponseSerialization.swift

-// ResponseSerialization.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-// MARK: ResponseSerializer
-
-/**
-    The type in which all response serializers must conform to in order to serialize a response.
-*/
-public protocol ResponseSerializerType {
-    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `ResponseSerializerType`.
-    associatedtype SerializedObject
-
-    /// The type of error to be created by this `ResponseSerializer` if serialization fails.
-    associatedtype ErrorObject: ErrorType
-
-    /**
-        A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, data and error and returns a result.
-    */
-    var serializeResponse: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Result<SerializedObject, ErrorObject> { get }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-/**
-    A generic `ResponseSerializerType` used to serialize a request, response, and data into a serialized object.
-*/
-public struct ResponseSerializer<Value, Error: ErrorType>: ResponseSerializerType {
-    /// The type of serialized object to be created by this `ResponseSerializer`.
-    public typealias SerializedObject = Value
-
-    /// The type of error to be created by this `ResponseSerializer` if serialization fails.
-    public typealias ErrorObject = Error
-
-    /**
-        A closure used by response handlers that takes a request, response, data and error and returns a result.
-    */
-    public var serializeResponse: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Result<Value, Error>
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `ResponseSerializer` instance with the given serialize response closure.
-
-        - parameter serializeResponse: The closure used to serialize the response.
-
-        - returns: The new generic response serializer instance.
-    */
-    public init(serializeResponse: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Result<Value, Error>) {
-        self.serializeResponse = serializeResponse
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - Default
-
-extension Request {
-
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter queue:             The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
-        - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func response(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        completionHandler: (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse?, NSData?, NSError?) -> Void)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock {
-            dispatch_async(queue ?? dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                completionHandler(self.request, self.response, self.delegate.data, self.delegate.error)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return self
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter queue:              The queue on which the completion handler is dispatched.
-        - parameter responseSerializer: The response serializer responsible for serializing the request, response, 
-                                        and data.
-        - parameter completionHandler:  The code to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func response<T: ResponseSerializerType>(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        responseSerializer: T,
-        completionHandler: Response<T.SerializedObject, T.ErrorObject> -> Void)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock {
-            let result = responseSerializer.serializeResponse(
-                self.request,
-                self.response,
-                self.delegate.data,
-                self.delegate.error
-            )
-
-            let requestCompletedTime = self.endTime ?? CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
-            let initialResponseTime = self.delegate.initialResponseTime ?? requestCompletedTime
-
-            let timeline = Timeline(
-                requestStartTime: self.startTime ?? CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent(),
-                initialResponseTime: initialResponseTime,
-                requestCompletedTime: requestCompletedTime,
-                serializationCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
-            )
-
-            let response = Response<T.SerializedObject, T.ErrorObject>(
-                request: self.request,
-                response: self.response,
-                data: self.delegate.data,
-                result: result,
-                timeline: timeline
-            )
-
-            dispatch_async(queue ?? dispatch_get_main_queue()) { completionHandler(response) }
-        }
-
-        return self
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - Data
-
-extension Request {
-
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns the associated data as-is.
-
-        - returns: A data response serializer.
-    */
-    public static func dataResponseSerializer() -> ResponseSerializer<NSData, NSError> {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success(NSData()) }
-
-            guard let validData = data else {
-                let failureReason = "Data could not be serialized. Input data was nil."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.DataSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-
-            return .Success(validData)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter completionHandler: The code to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func responseData(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        completionHandler: Response<NSData, NSError> -> Void)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        return response(queue: queue, responseSerializer: Request.dataResponseSerializer(), completionHandler: completionHandler)
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - String
-
-extension Request {
-
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns a string initialized from the response data with the specified 
-        string encoding.
-
-        - parameter encoding: The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the server 
-                              response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set, ISO-8859-1.
-
-        - returns: A string response serializer.
-    */
-    public static func stringResponseSerializer(
-        encoding encoding: NSStringEncoding? = nil)
-        -> ResponseSerializer<String, NSError>
-    {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success("") }
-
-            guard let validData = data else {
-                let failureReason = "String could not be serialized. Input data was nil."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.StringSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-            
-            var convertedEncoding = encoding
-            
-            if let encodingName = response?.textEncodingName where convertedEncoding == nil {
-                convertedEncoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(
-                    CFStringConvertIANACharSetNameToEncoding(encodingName)
-                )
-            }
-
-            let actualEncoding = convertedEncoding ?? NSISOLatin1StringEncoding
-
-            if let string = String(data: validData, encoding: actualEncoding) {
-                return .Success(string)
-            } else {
-                let failureReason = "String could not be serialized with encoding: \(actualEncoding)"
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.StringSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter encoding:          The string encoding. If `nil`, the string encoding will be determined from the 
-                                       server response, falling back to the default HTTP default character set, 
-                                       ISO-8859-1.
-        - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func responseString(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        encoding: NSStringEncoding? = nil,
-        completionHandler: Response<String, NSError> -> Void)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        return response(
-            queue: queue,
-            responseSerializer: Request.stringResponseSerializer(encoding: encoding),
-            completionHandler: completionHandler
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - JSON
-
-extension Request {
-
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns a JSON object constructed from the response data using 
-        `NSJSONSerialization` with the specified reading options.
-
-        - parameter options: The JSON serialization reading options. `.AllowFragments` by default.
-
-        - returns: A JSON object response serializer.
-    */
-    public static func JSONResponseSerializer(
-        options options: NSJSONReadingOptions = .AllowFragments)
-        -> ResponseSerializer<AnyObject, NSError>
-    {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success(NSNull()) }
-
-            guard let validData = data where validData.length > 0 else {
-                let failureReason = "JSON could not be serialized. Input data was nil or zero length."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.JSONSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-
-            do {
-                let JSON = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(validData, options: options)
-                return .Success(JSON)
-            } catch {
-                return .Failure(error as NSError)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter options:           The JSON serialization reading options. `.AllowFragments` by default.
-        - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func responseJSON(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        options: NSJSONReadingOptions = .AllowFragments,
-        completionHandler: Response<AnyObject, NSError> -> Void)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        return response(
-            queue: queue,
-            responseSerializer: Request.JSONResponseSerializer(options: options),
-            completionHandler: completionHandler
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - Property List
-
-extension Request {
-
-    /**
-        Creates a response serializer that returns an object constructed from the response data using 
-        `NSPropertyListSerialization` with the specified reading options.
-
-        - parameter options: The property list reading options. `NSPropertyListReadOptions()` by default.
-
-        - returns: A property list object response serializer.
-    */
-    public static func propertyListResponseSerializer(
-        options options: NSPropertyListReadOptions = NSPropertyListReadOptions())
-        -> ResponseSerializer<AnyObject, NSError>
-    {
-        return ResponseSerializer { _, response, data, error in
-            guard error == nil else { return .Failure(error!) }
-
-            if let response = response where response.statusCode == 204 { return .Success(NSNull()) }
-
-            guard let validData = data where validData.length > 0 else {
-                let failureReason = "Property list could not be serialized. Input data was nil or zero length."
-                let error = Error.errorWithCode(.PropertyListSerializationFailed, failureReason: failureReason)
-                return .Failure(error)
-            }
-
-            do {
-                let plist = try NSPropertyListSerialization.propertyListWithData(validData, options: options, format: nil)
-                return .Success(plist)
-            } catch {
-                return .Failure(error as NSError)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Adds a handler to be called once the request has finished.
-
-        - parameter options:           The property list reading options. `0` by default.
-        - parameter completionHandler: A closure to be executed once the request has finished. The closure takes 3
-                                       arguments: the URL request, the URL response, the server data and the result 
-                                       produced while creating the property list.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func responsePropertyList(
-        queue queue: dispatch_queue_t? = nil,
-        options: NSPropertyListReadOptions = NSPropertyListReadOptions(),
-        completionHandler: Response<AnyObject, NSError> -> Void)
-        -> Self
-    {
-        return response(
-            queue: queue,
-            responseSerializer: Request.propertyListResponseSerializer(options: options),
-            completionHandler: completionHandler
-        )
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Result.swift

-// Result.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/**
-    Used to represent whether a request was successful or encountered an error.
-
-    - Success: The request and all post processing operations were successful resulting in the serialization of the 
-               provided associated value.
-    - Failure: The request encountered an error resulting in a failure. The associated values are the original data 
-               provided by the server as well as the error that caused the failure.
-*/
-public enum Result<Value, Error: ErrorType> {
-    case Success(Value)
-    case Failure(Error)
-
-    /// Returns `true` if the result is a success, `false` otherwise.
-    public var isSuccess: Bool {
-        switch self {
-        case .Success:
-            return true
-        case .Failure:
-            return false
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if the result is a failure, `false` otherwise.
-    public var isFailure: Bool {
-        return !isSuccess
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the associated value if the result is a success, `nil` otherwise.
-    public var value: Value? {
-        switch self {
-        case .Success(let value):
-            return value
-        case .Failure:
-            return nil
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the associated error value if the result is a failure, `nil` otherwise.
-    public var error: Error? {
-        switch self {
-        case .Success:
-            return nil
-        case .Failure(let error):
-            return error
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
-
-extension Result: CustomStringConvertible {
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes whether the result was a 
-    /// success or failure.
-    public var description: String {
-        switch self {
-        case .Success:
-            return "SUCCESS"
-        case .Failure:
-            return "FAILURE"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
-
-extension Result: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
-    /// The debug textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes whether the result was a
-    /// success or failure in addition to the value or error.
-    public var debugDescription: String {
-        switch self {
-        case .Success(let value):
-            return "SUCCESS: \(value)"
-        case .Failure(let error):
-            return "FAILURE: \(error)"
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/ServerTrustPolicy.swift

-// ServerTrustPolicy.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/// Responsible for managing the mapping of `ServerTrustPolicy` objects to a given host.
-public class ServerTrustPolicyManager {
-    /// The dictionary of policies mapped to a particular host.
-    public let policies: [String: ServerTrustPolicy]
-
-    /**
-        Initializes the `ServerTrustPolicyManager` instance with the given policies.
-
-        Since different servers and web services can have different leaf certificates, intermediate and even root 
-        certficates, it is important to have the flexibility to specify evaluation policies on a per host basis. This 
-        allows for scenarios such as using default evaluation for host1, certificate pinning for host2, public key 
-        pinning for host3 and disabling evaluation for host4.
-
-        - parameter policies: A dictionary of all policies mapped to a particular host.
-
-        - returns: The new `ServerTrustPolicyManager` instance.
-    */
-    public init(policies: [String: ServerTrustPolicy]) {
-        self.policies = policies
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Returns the `ServerTrustPolicy` for the given host if applicable.
-
-        By default, this method will return the policy that perfectly matches the given host. Subclasses could override
-        this method and implement more complex mapping implementations such as wildcards.
-
-        - parameter host: The host to use when searching for a matching policy.
-
-        - returns: The server trust policy for the given host if found.
-    */
-    public func serverTrustPolicyForHost(host: String) -> ServerTrustPolicy? {
-        return policies[host]
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-extension NSURLSession {
-    private struct AssociatedKeys {
-        static var ManagerKey = "NSURLSession.ServerTrustPolicyManager"
-    }
-
-    var serverTrustPolicyManager: ServerTrustPolicyManager? {
-        get {
-            return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.ManagerKey) as? ServerTrustPolicyManager
-        }
-        set (manager) {
-            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.ManagerKey, manager, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - ServerTrustPolicy
-
-/**
-    The `ServerTrustPolicy` evaluates the server trust generally provided by an `NSURLAuthenticationChallenge` when 
-    connecting to a server over a secure HTTPS connection. The policy configuration then evaluates the server trust 
-    with a given set of criteria to determine whether the server trust is valid and the connection should be made.
-
-    Using pinned certificates or public keys for evaluation helps prevent man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks and other 
-    vulnerabilities. Applications dealing with sensitive customer data or financial information are strongly encouraged 
-    to route all communication over an HTTPS connection with pinning enabled.
-
-    - PerformDefaultEvaluation: Uses the default server trust evaluation while allowing you to control whether to 
-                                validate the host provided by the challenge. Applications are encouraged to always 
-                                validate the host in production environments to guarantee the validity of the server's 
-                                certificate chain.
-
-    - PinCertificates:          Uses the pinned certificates to validate the server trust. The server trust is
-                                considered valid if one of the pinned certificates match one of the server certificates. 
-                                By validating both the certificate chain and host, certificate pinning provides a very 
-                                secure form of server trust validation mitigating most, if not all, MITM attacks. 
-                                Applications are encouraged to always validate the host and require a valid certificate 
-                                chain in production environments.
-
-    - PinPublicKeys:            Uses the pinned public keys to validate the server trust. The server trust is considered
-                                valid if one of the pinned public keys match one of the server certificate public keys. 
-                                By validating both the certificate chain and host, public key pinning provides a very 
-                                secure form of server trust validation mitigating most, if not all, MITM attacks. 
-                                Applications are encouraged to always validate the host and require a valid certificate 
-                                chain in production environments.
-
-    - DisableEvaluation:        Disables all evaluation which in turn will always consider any server trust as valid.
-
-    - CustomEvaluation:         Uses the associated closure to evaluate the validity of the server trust.
-*/
-public enum ServerTrustPolicy {
-    case PerformDefaultEvaluation(validateHost: Bool)
-    case PinCertificates(certificates: [SecCertificate], validateCertificateChain: Bool, validateHost: Bool)
-    case PinPublicKeys(publicKeys: [SecKey], validateCertificateChain: Bool, validateHost: Bool)
-    case DisableEvaluation
-    case CustomEvaluation((serverTrust: SecTrust, host: String) -> Bool)
-
-    // MARK: - Bundle Location
-
-    /**
-        Returns all certificates within the given bundle with a `.cer` file extension.
-
-        - parameter bundle: The bundle to search for all `.cer` files.
-
-        - returns: All certificates within the given bundle.
-    */
-    public static func certificatesInBundle(bundle: NSBundle = NSBundle.mainBundle()) -> [SecCertificate] {
-        var certificates: [SecCertificate] = []
-
-        let paths = Set([".cer", ".CER", ".crt", ".CRT", ".der", ".DER"].map { fileExtension in
-            bundle.pathsForResourcesOfType(fileExtension, inDirectory: nil)
-        }.flatten())
-
-        for path in paths {
-            if let
-                certificateData = NSData(contentsOfFile: path),
-                certificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(nil, certificateData)
-            {
-                certificates.append(certificate)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return certificates
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Returns all public keys within the given bundle with a `.cer` file extension.
-
-        - parameter bundle: The bundle to search for all `*.cer` files.
-
-        - returns: All public keys within the given bundle.
-    */
-    public static func publicKeysInBundle(bundle: NSBundle = NSBundle.mainBundle()) -> [SecKey] {
-        var publicKeys: [SecKey] = []
-
-        for certificate in certificatesInBundle(bundle) {
-            if let publicKey = publicKeyForCertificate(certificate) {
-                publicKeys.append(publicKey)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return publicKeys
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Evaluation
-
-    /**
-        Evaluates whether the server trust is valid for the given host.
-
-        - parameter serverTrust: The server trust to evaluate.
-        - parameter host:        The host of the challenge protection space.
-
-        - returns: Whether the server trust is valid.
-    */
-    public func evaluateServerTrust(serverTrust: SecTrust, isValidForHost host: String) -> Bool {
-        var serverTrustIsValid = false
-
-        switch self {
-        case let .PerformDefaultEvaluation(validateHost):
-            let policy = SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, validateHost ? host as CFString : nil)
-            SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, [policy])
-
-            serverTrustIsValid = trustIsValid(serverTrust)
-        case let .PinCertificates(pinnedCertificates, validateCertificateChain, validateHost):
-            if validateCertificateChain {
-                let policy = SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, validateHost ? host as CFString : nil)
-                SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, [policy])
-
-                SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(serverTrust, pinnedCertificates)
-                SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(serverTrust, true)
-
-                serverTrustIsValid = trustIsValid(serverTrust)
-            } else {
-                let serverCertificatesDataArray = certificateDataForTrust(serverTrust)
-                let pinnedCertificatesDataArray = certificateDataForCertificates(pinnedCertificates)
-
-                outerLoop: for serverCertificateData in serverCertificatesDataArray {
-                    for pinnedCertificateData in pinnedCertificatesDataArray {
-                        if serverCertificateData.isEqualToData(pinnedCertificateData) {
-                            serverTrustIsValid = true
-                            break outerLoop
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        case let .PinPublicKeys(pinnedPublicKeys, validateCertificateChain, validateHost):
-            var certificateChainEvaluationPassed = true
-
-            if validateCertificateChain {
-                let policy = SecPolicyCreateSSL(true, validateHost ? host as CFString : nil)
-                SecTrustSetPolicies(serverTrust, [policy])
-
-                certificateChainEvaluationPassed = trustIsValid(serverTrust)
-            }
-
-            if certificateChainEvaluationPassed {
-                outerLoop: for serverPublicKey in ServerTrustPolicy.publicKeysForTrust(serverTrust) as [AnyObject] {
-                    for pinnedPublicKey in pinnedPublicKeys as [AnyObject] {
-                        if serverPublicKey.isEqual(pinnedPublicKey) {
-                            serverTrustIsValid = true
-                            break outerLoop
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        case .DisableEvaluation:
-            serverTrustIsValid = true
-        case let .CustomEvaluation(closure):
-            serverTrustIsValid = closure(serverTrust: serverTrust, host: host)
-        }
-
-        return serverTrustIsValid
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Trust Validation
-
-    private func trustIsValid(trust: SecTrust) -> Bool {
-        var isValid = false
-
-        var result = SecTrustResultType.Invalid
-        let status = SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &result)
-
-        if status == errSecSuccess {
-            let unspecified = SecTrustResultType.Unspecified
-            let proceed = SecTrustResultType.Proceed
-
-            isValid = result == unspecified || result == proceed
-        }
-
-        return isValid
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Certificate Data
-
-    private func certificateDataForTrust(trust: SecTrust) -> [NSData] {
-        var certificates: [SecCertificate] = []
-
-        for index in 0..<SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust) {
-            if let certificate = SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, index) {
-                certificates.append(certificate)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return certificateDataForCertificates(certificates)
-    }
-
-    private func certificateDataForCertificates(certificates: [SecCertificate]) -> [NSData] {
-        return certificates.map { SecCertificateCopyData($0) as NSData }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Private - Public Key Extraction
-
-    private static func publicKeysForTrust(trust: SecTrust) -> [SecKey] {
-        var publicKeys: [SecKey] = []
-
-        for index in 0..<SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust) {
-            if let
-                certificate = SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, index),
-                publicKey = publicKeyForCertificate(certificate)
-            {
-                publicKeys.append(publicKey)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return publicKeys
-    }
-
-    private static func publicKeyForCertificate(certificate: SecCertificate) -> SecKey? {
-        var publicKey: SecKey?
-
-        let policy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509()
-        var trust: SecTrust?
-        let trustCreationStatus = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(certificate, policy, &trust)
-
-        if let trust = trust where trustCreationStatus == errSecSuccess {
-            publicKey = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(trust)
-        }
-
-        return publicKey
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Stream.swift

-// Stream.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-#if !os(watchOS)
-
-@available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
-extension Manager {
-    private enum Streamable {
-        case Stream(String, Int)
-        case NetService(NSNetService)
-    }
-
-    private func stream(streamable: Streamable) -> Request {
-        var streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask!
-
-        switch streamable {
-        case .Stream(let hostName, let port):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                streamTask = self.session.streamTaskWithHostName(hostName, port: port)
-            }
-        case .NetService(let netService):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                streamTask = self.session.streamTaskWithNetService(netService)
-            }
-        }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: streamTask)
-
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for bidirectional streaming with the given hostname and port.
-
-        - parameter hostName: The hostname of the server to connect to.
-        - parameter port:     The port of the server to connect to.
-
-        :returns: The created stream request.
-    */
-    public func stream(hostName hostName: String, port: Int) -> Request {
-        return stream(.Stream(hostName, port))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for bidirectional streaming with the given `NSNetService`.
-
-        - parameter netService: The net service used to identify the endpoint.
-
-        - returns: The created stream request.
-    */
-    public func stream(netService netService: NSNetService) -> Request {
-        return stream(.NetService(netService))
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-@available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.11, tvOS 9.0, *)
-extension Manager.SessionDelegate: NSURLSessionStreamDelegate {
-
-    // MARK: Override Closures
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:readClosedForStreamTask:`.
-    public var streamTaskReadClosed: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskReadClosed as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskReadClosed = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:writeClosedForStreamTask:`.
-    public var streamTaskWriteClosed: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskWriteClosed as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskWriteClosed = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:betterRouteDiscoveredForStreamTask:`.
-    public var streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Overrides default behavior for NSURLSessionStreamDelegate method `URLSession:streamTask:didBecomeInputStream:outputStream:`.
-    public var streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask, NSInputStream, NSOutputStream) -> Void)? {
-        get {
-            return _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream as? (NSURLSession, NSURLSessionStreamTask, NSInputStream, NSOutputStream) -> Void
-        }
-        set {
-            _streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream = newValue
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the read side of the connection has been closed.
-
-        - parameter session:    The session.
-        - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, readClosedForStreamTask streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask) {
-        streamTaskReadClosed?(session, streamTask)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the write side of the connection has been closed.
-
-        - parameter session:    The session.
-        - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, writeClosedForStreamTask streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask) {
-        streamTaskWriteClosed?(session, streamTask)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the system has determined that a better route to the host is available.
-
-        - parameter session:    The session.
-        - parameter streamTask: The stream task.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, betterRouteDiscoveredForStreamTask streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask) {
-        streamTaskBetterRouteDiscovered?(session, streamTask)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Tells the delegate that the stream task has been completed and provides the unopened stream objects.
-
-        - parameter session:      The session.
-        - parameter streamTask:   The stream task.
-        - parameter inputStream:  The new input stream.
-        - parameter outputStream: The new output stream.
-    */
-    public func URLSession(
-        session: NSURLSession,
-        streamTask: NSURLSessionStreamTask,
-        didBecomeInputStream inputStream: NSInputStream,
-        outputStream: NSOutputStream)
-    {
-        streamTaskDidBecomeInputStream?(session, streamTask, inputStream, outputStream)
-    }
-}
-
-#endif

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Timeline.swift

-// Timeline.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-/// Responsible for computing the timing metrics for the complete lifecycle of a `Request`.
-public struct Timeline {
-    /// The time the request was initialized.
-    public let requestStartTime: CFAbsoluteTime
-
-    /// The time the first bytes were received from or sent to the server.
-    public let initialResponseTime: CFAbsoluteTime
-
-    /// The time when the request was completed.
-    public let requestCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTime
-
-    /// The time when the response serialization was completed.
-    public let serializationCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTime
-
-    /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request started to the initial response from the server.
-    public let latency: NSTimeInterval
-
-    /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request started to the time the request completed.
-    public let requestDuration: NSTimeInterval
-
-    /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request completed to the time response serialization completed.
-    public let serializationDuration: NSTimeInterval
-
-    /// The time interval in seconds from the time the request started to the time response serialization completed.
-    public let totalDuration: NSTimeInterval
-
-    /**
-        Creates a new `Timeline` instance with the specified request times.
-
-        - parameter requestStartTime:           The time the request was initialized. Defaults to `0.0`.
-        - parameter initialResponseTime:        The time the first bytes were received from or sent to the server. 
-                                                Defaults to `0.0`.
-        - parameter requestCompletedTime:       The time when the request was completed. Defaults to `0.0`.
-        - parameter serializationCompletedTime: The time when the response serialization was completed. Defaults 
-                                                to `0.0`.
-
-        - returns: The new `Timeline` instance.
-    */
-    public init(
-        requestStartTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0.0,
-        initialResponseTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0.0,
-        requestCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0.0,
-        serializationCompletedTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0.0)
-    {
-        self.requestStartTime = requestStartTime
-        self.initialResponseTime = initialResponseTime
-        self.requestCompletedTime = requestCompletedTime
-        self.serializationCompletedTime = serializationCompletedTime
-
-        self.latency = initialResponseTime - requestStartTime
-        self.requestDuration = requestCompletedTime - requestStartTime
-        self.serializationDuration = serializationCompletedTime - requestCompletedTime
-        self.totalDuration = serializationCompletedTime - requestStartTime
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomStringConvertible
-
-extension Timeline: CustomStringConvertible {
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the latency, the request 
-    /// duration and the total duration.
-    public var description: String {
-        let latency = String(format: "%.3f", self.latency)
-        let requestDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.requestDuration)
-        let serializationDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.serializationDuration)
-        let totalDuration = String(format: "%.3f", self.totalDuration)
-
-        let timings = [
-            "\"Latency\": \(latency) secs",
-            "\"Request Duration\": \(requestDuration) secs",
-            "\"Serialization Duration\": \(serializationDuration) secs",
-            "\"Total Duration\": \(totalDuration) secs"
-        ]
-
-        return "Timeline: { \(timings.joinWithSeparator(", ")) }"
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: - CustomDebugStringConvertible
-
-extension Timeline: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
-    /// The textual representation used when written to an output stream, which includes the request start time, the 
-    /// initial response time, the request completed time, the serialization completed time, the latency, the request
-    /// duration and the total duration.
-    public var debugDescription: String {
-        let timings = [
-            "\"Request Start Time\": \(requestStartTime)",
-            "\"Initial Response Time\": \(initialResponseTime)",
-            "\"Request Completed Time\": \(requestCompletedTime)",
-            "\"Serialization Completed Time\": \(serializationCompletedTime)",
-            "\"Latency\": \(latency) secs",
-            "\"Request Duration\": \(requestDuration) secs",
-            "\"Serialization Duration\": \(serializationDuration) secs",
-            "\"Total Duration\": \(totalDuration) secs"
-        ]
-
-        return "Timeline: { \(timings.joinWithSeparator(", ")) }"
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Upload.swift

-// Upload.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-extension Manager {
-    private enum Uploadable {
-        case Data(NSURLRequest, NSData)
-        case File(NSURLRequest, NSURL)
-        case Stream(NSURLRequest, NSInputStream)
-    }
-
-    private func upload(uploadable: Uploadable) -> Request {
-        var uploadTask: NSURLSessionUploadTask!
-        var HTTPBodyStream: NSInputStream?
-
-        switch uploadable {
-        case .Data(let request, let data):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                uploadTask = self.session.uploadTaskWithRequest(request, fromData: data)
-            }
-        case .File(let request, let fileURL):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                uploadTask = self.session.uploadTaskWithRequest(request, fromFile: fileURL)
-            }
-        case .Stream(let request, let stream):
-            dispatch_sync(queue) {
-                uploadTask = self.session.uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest(request)
-            }
-
-            HTTPBodyStream = stream
-        }
-
-        let request = Request(session: session, task: uploadTask)
-
-        if HTTPBodyStream != nil {
-            request.delegate.taskNeedNewBodyStream = { _, _ in
-                return HTTPBodyStream
-            }
-        }
-
-        delegate[request.delegate.task] = request.delegate
-
-        if startRequestsImmediately {
-            request.resume()
-        }
-
-        return request
-    }
-
-    // MARK: File
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a file to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request
-        - parameter file:       The file to upload
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, file: NSURL) -> Request {
-        return upload(.File(URLRequest.URLRequest, file))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a file to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter file:      The file to upload
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        file: NSURL)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-        return upload(mutableURLRequest, file: file)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Data
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading data to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-        - parameter data:       The data to upload.
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, data: NSData) -> Request {
-        return upload(.Data(URLRequest.URLRequest, data))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading data to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter data:      The data to upload
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        data: NSData)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-
-        return upload(mutableURLRequest, data: data)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: Stream
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a stream to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest: The URL request.
-        - parameter stream:     The stream to upload.
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible, stream: NSInputStream) -> Request {
-        return upload(.Stream(URLRequest.URLRequest, stream))
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Creates a request for uploading a stream to the specified URL request.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:    The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString: The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:   The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter stream:    The stream to upload.
-
-        - returns: The created upload request.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        stream: NSInputStream)
-        -> Request
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-
-        return upload(mutableURLRequest, stream: stream)
-    }
-
-    // MARK: MultipartFormData
-
-    /// Default memory threshold used when encoding `MultipartFormData`.
-    public static let MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = 10 * 1024 * 1024
-
-    /**
-        Defines whether the `MultipartFormData` encoding was successful and contains result of the encoding as 
-        associated values.
-
-        - Success: Represents a successful `MultipartFormData` encoding and contains the new `Request` along with 
-                   streaming information.
-        - Failure: Used to represent a failure in the `MultipartFormData` encoding and also contains the encoding 
-                   error.
-    */
-    public enum MultipartFormDataEncodingResult {
-        case Success(request: Request, streamingFromDisk: Bool, streamFileURL: NSURL?)
-        case Failure(ErrorType)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Encodes the `MultipartFormData` and creates a request to upload the result to the specified URL request.
-
-        It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative 
-        payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most 
-        efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to 
-        be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory 
-        footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be 
-        used for larger payloads such as video content.
-
-        The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory 
-        or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
-        encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk 
-        during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding 
-        technique was used.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter method:                  The HTTP method.
-        - parameter URLString:               The URL string.
-        - parameter headers:                 The HTTP headers. `nil` by default.
-        - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-        - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                             `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-        - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        method: Method,
-        _ URLString: URLStringConvertible,
-        headers: [String: String]? = nil,
-        multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-        encodingCompletion: (MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
-    {
-        let mutableURLRequest = URLRequest(method, URLString, headers: headers)
-
-        return upload(
-            mutableURLRequest,
-            multipartFormData: multipartFormData,
-            encodingMemoryThreshold: encodingMemoryThreshold,
-            encodingCompletion: encodingCompletion
-        )
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Encodes the `MultipartFormData` and creates a request to upload the result to the specified URL request.
-
-        It is important to understand the memory implications of uploading `MultipartFormData`. If the cummulative
-        payload is small, encoding the data in-memory and directly uploading to a server is the by far the most
-        efficient approach. However, if the payload is too large, encoding the data in-memory could cause your app to
-        be terminated. Larger payloads must first be written to disk using input and output streams to keep the memory
-        footprint low, then the data can be uploaded as a stream from the resulting file. Streaming from disk MUST be
-        used for larger payloads such as video content.
-
-        The `encodingMemoryThreshold` parameter allows Alamofire to automatically determine whether to encode in-memory
-        or stream from disk. If the content length of the `MultipartFormData` is below the `encodingMemoryThreshold`,
-        encoding takes place in-memory. If the content length exceeds the threshold, the data is streamed to disk
-        during the encoding process. Then the result is uploaded as data or as a stream depending on which encoding
-        technique was used.
-
-        If `startRequestsImmediately` is `true`, the request will have `resume()` called before being returned.
-
-        - parameter URLRequest:              The URL request.
-        - parameter multipartFormData:       The closure used to append body parts to the `MultipartFormData`.
-        - parameter encodingMemoryThreshold: The encoding memory threshold in bytes.
-                                             `MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold` by default.
-        - parameter encodingCompletion:      The closure called when the `MultipartFormData` encoding is complete.
-    */
-    public func upload(
-        URLRequest: URLRequestConvertible,
-        multipartFormData: MultipartFormData -> Void,
-        encodingMemoryThreshold: UInt64 = Manager.MultipartFormDataEncodingMemoryThreshold,
-        encodingCompletion: (MultipartFormDataEncodingResult -> Void)?)
-    {
-        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)) {
-            let formData = MultipartFormData()
-            multipartFormData(formData)
-
-            let URLRequestWithContentType = URLRequest.URLRequest
-            URLRequestWithContentType.setValue(formData.contentType, forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-
-            let isBackgroundSession = self.session.configuration.identifier != nil
-
-            if formData.contentLength < encodingMemoryThreshold && !isBackgroundSession {
-                do {
-                    let data = try formData.encode()
-                    let encodingResult = MultipartFormDataEncodingResult.Success(
-                        request: self.upload(URLRequestWithContentType, data: data),
-                        streamingFromDisk: false,
-                        streamFileURL: nil
-                    )
-
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        encodingCompletion?(encodingResult)
-                    }
-                } catch {
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        encodingCompletion?(.Failure(error as NSError))
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
-                let tempDirectoryURL = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory())
-                let directoryURL = tempDirectoryURL.URLByAppendingPathComponent("com.alamofire.manager/multipart.form.data")
-                let fileName = NSUUID().UUIDString
-                let fileURL = directoryURL!.URLByAppendingPathComponent(fileName)!
-
-                do {
-                    try fileManager.createDirectoryAtURL(directoryURL!, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
-                    try formData.writeEncodedDataToDisk(fileURL)
-
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        let encodingResult = MultipartFormDataEncodingResult.Success(
-                            request: self.upload(URLRequestWithContentType, file: fileURL),
-                            streamingFromDisk: true,
-                            streamFileURL: fileURL
-                        )
-                        encodingCompletion?(encodingResult)
-                    }
-                } catch {
-                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                        encodingCompletion?(.Failure(error as NSError))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// MARK: -
-
-extension Request {
-
-    // MARK: - UploadTaskDelegate
-
-    class UploadTaskDelegate: DataTaskDelegate {
-        var uploadTask: NSURLSessionUploadTask? { return task as? NSURLSessionUploadTask }
-        var uploadProgress: ((Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)!
-
-        // MARK: - NSURLSessionTaskDelegate
-
-        // MARK: Override Closures
-
-        var taskDidSendBodyData: ((NSURLSession, NSURLSessionTask, Int64, Int64, Int64) -> Void)?
-
-        // MARK: Delegate Methods
-
-        func URLSession(
-            session: NSURLSession,
-            task: NSURLSessionTask,
-            didSendBodyData bytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesSent: Int64,
-            totalBytesExpectedToSend: Int64)
-        {
-            if initialResponseTime == nil { initialResponseTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() }
-
-            if let taskDidSendBodyData = taskDidSendBodyData {
-                taskDidSendBodyData(session, task, bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
-            } else {
-                progress.totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpectedToSend
-                progress.completedUnitCount = totalBytesSent
-
-                uploadProgress?(bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalBytesExpectedToSend)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Alamofire/Source/Validation.swift

-// Validation.swift
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2014–2016 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
-//
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-//
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-import Foundation
-
-extension Request {
-
-    /**
-        Used to represent whether validation was successful or encountered an error resulting in a failure.
-
-        - Success: The validation was successful.
-        - Failure: The validation failed encountering the provided error.
-    */
-    public enum ValidationResult {
-        case Success
-        case Failure(NSError)
-    }
-
-    /**
-        A closure used to validate a request that takes a URL request and URL response, and returns whether the 
-        request was valid.
-    */
-    public typealias Validation = (NSURLRequest?, NSHTTPURLResponse) -> ValidationResult
-
-    /**
-        Validates the request, using the specified closure.
-
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
-
-        - parameter validation: A closure to validate the request.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func validate(validation: Validation) -> Self {
-        delegate.queue.addOperationWithBlock {
-            if let
-                response = self.response where self.delegate.error == nil,
-                case let .Failure(error) = validation(self.request, response)
-            {
-                self.delegate.error = error
-            }
-        }
-
-        return self
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Status Code
-
-    /**
-        Validates that the response has a status code in the specified range.
-
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
-
-        - parameter range: The range of acceptable status codes.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func validate<S: SequenceType where S.Generator.Element == Int>(statusCode acceptableStatusCode: S) -> Self {
-        return validate { _, response in
-            if acceptableStatusCode.contains(response.statusCode) {
-                return .Success
-            } else {
-                let failureReason = "Response status code was unacceptable: \(response.statusCode)"
-                return .Failure(Error.errorWithCode(.StatusCodeValidationFailed, failureReason: failureReason))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Content-Type
-
-    private struct MIMEType {
-        let type: String
-        let subtype: String
-
-        init?(_ string: String) {
-            let components: [String] = {
-                let stripped = string.stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet(NSCharacterSet.whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet())
-                let split = stripped.substringToIndex(stripped.rangeOfString(";")?.startIndex ?? stripped.endIndex)
-                return split.componentsSeparatedByString("/")
-            }()
-
-            if let
-                type = components.first,
-                subtype = components.last
-            {
-                self.type = type
-                self.subtype = subtype
-            } else {
-                return nil
-            }
-        }
-
-        func matches(MIME: MIMEType) -> Bool {
-            switch (type, subtype) {
-            case (MIME.type, MIME.subtype), (MIME.type, "*"), ("*", MIME.subtype), ("*", "*"):
-                return true
-            default:
-                return false
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-        Validates that the response has a content type in the specified array.
-
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
-
-        - parameter contentType: The acceptable content types, which may specify wildcard types and/or subtypes.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func validate<S : SequenceType where S.Generator.Element == String>(contentType acceptableContentTypes: S) -> Self {
-        return validate { _, response in
-            guard let validData = self.delegate.data where validData.length > 0 else { return .Success }
-
-            if let
-                responseContentType = response.MIMEType,
-                responseMIMEType = MIMEType(responseContentType)
-            {
-                for contentType in acceptableContentTypes {
-                    if let acceptableMIMEType = MIMEType(contentType) where acceptableMIMEType.matches(responseMIMEType) {
-                        return .Success
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                for contentType in acceptableContentTypes {
-                    if let MIMEType = MIMEType(contentType) where MIMEType.type == "*" && MIMEType.subtype == "*" {
-                        return .Success
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            let failureReason: String
-
-            if let responseContentType = response.MIMEType {
-                failureReason = (
-                    "Response content type \"\(responseContentType)\" does not match any acceptable " +
-                    "content types: \(acceptableContentTypes)"
-                )
-            } else {
-                failureReason = "Response content type was missing and acceptable content type does not match \"*/*\""
-            }
-
-            return .Failure(Error.errorWithCode(.ContentTypeValidationFailed, failureReason: failureReason))
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - Automatic
-
-    /**
-        Validates that the response has a status code in the default acceptable range of 200...299, and that the content 
-        type matches any specified in the Accept HTTP header field.
-
-        If validation fails, subsequent calls to response handlers will have an associated error.
-
-        - returns: The request.
-    */
-    public func validate() -> Self {
-        let acceptableStatusCodes: Range<Int> = 200..<300
-        let acceptableContentTypes: [String] = {
-            if let accept = request?.valueForHTTPHeaderField("Accept") {
-                return accept.componentsSeparatedByString(",")
-            }
-
-            return ["*/*"]
-        }()
-
-        return validate(statusCode: acceptableStatusCodes).validate(contentType: acceptableContentTypes)
-    }
-}

examples/watchOS Example/Podfile

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ workspace 'Examples.xcworkspace'
 project 'watchOSsample.xcodeproj'
 
 target 'watchOSsample' do
-  pod 'Alamofire', :path => './Alamofire'
+  pod 'Alamofire', :path => '../Alamofire Example/Alamofire'
 end
 
 target 'watchOSsample WatchKit Extension' do
-  platform :watchos, '2.0'
-  pod 'Alamofire', :path => './Alamofire'
+  platform :watchos, '4.0'
+  pod 'Alamofire', :path => '../Alamofire Example/Alamofire'
 end

examples/watchOS Example/watchOSsample WatchKit Extension/InterfaceController.swift

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import Foundation
 
 class InterfaceController: WKInterfaceController {
 
-    override func awakeWithContext(context: AnyObject?) {
-        super.awakeWithContext(context)
+    override func awake(withContext context: Any?) {
+        super.awake(withContext: context)
         
         // Configure interface objects here.
     }

examples/watchOS Example/watchOSsample.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
 			isa = PBXProject;
 			attributes = {
 				LastSwiftUpdateCheck = 0730;
-				LastUpgradeCheck = 0700;
+				LastUpgradeCheck = 0920;
 				ORGANIZATIONNAME = "Boris Bügling";
 				TargetAttributes = {
 					A129F8BF1B2CA81600EBC1DD = {
@@ -502,13 +502,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -546,13 +554,21 @@
 				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
 				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
 				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
 				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
@@ -571,6 +587,7 @@
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 9.0;
 				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
 				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
+				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Owholemodule";
 				VALIDATE_PRODUCT = YES;
 			};
 			name = Release;
@@ -584,7 +601,7 @@
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = org.vu0.watchOSsample;
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Debug;
 		};
@@ -597,7 +614,7 @@
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = org.vu0.watchOSsample;
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 			};
 			name = Release;
 		};
@@ -612,7 +629,7 @@
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "${TARGET_NAME}";
 				SDKROOT = watchos;
 				SKIP_INSTALL = YES;
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = 4;
 				WATCHOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 2.2;
 			};
@@ -629,7 +646,7 @@
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "${TARGET_NAME}";
 				SDKROOT = watchos;
 				SKIP_INSTALL = YES;
-				SWIFT_VERSION = 2.3;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 4.0;
 				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = 4;
 				WATCHOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 2.2;
 			};
@@ -638,9 +655,9 @@
 		A865B28E1CAF18FF0031EFC6 /* Debug */ = {
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
 			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_EMBED_SWIFT_STANDARD_LIBRARIES = YES;
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
-				EMBEDDED_CONTENT_CONTAINS_SWIFT = YES;
 				IBSC_MODULE = watchOSsample_WatchKit_Extension;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = "watchOSsample WatchKit/Info.plist";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = org.vu0.watchOSsample.watchkitapp;
@@ -655,9 +672,9 @@
 		A865B28F1CAF18FF0031EFC6 /* Release */ = {
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
 			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_EMBED_SWIFT_STANDARD_LIBRARIES = YES;
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
-				EMBEDDED_CONTENT_CONTAINS_SWIFT = YES;
 				IBSC_MODULE = watchOSsample_WatchKit_Extension;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = "watchOSsample WatchKit/Info.plist";
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = org.vu0.watchOSsample.watchkitapp;

examples/watchOS Example/watchOSsample.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/watchOSsample WatchKit.xcscheme

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "0730"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0920"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
       <Testables>
       </Testables>
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       launchStyle = "0"
       useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
       ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"

examples/watchOS Example/watchOSsample.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/watchOSsample.xcscheme

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "0730"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0920"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
       <Testables>
       </Testables>
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
       buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      language = ""
       launchStyle = "0"
       useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
       ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"

examples/watchOS Example/watchOSsample/AppDelegate.swift

@@ -11,36 +11,9 @@ import UIKit
 @UIApplicationMain
 class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
 
-    var window: UIWindow?
-
-
-    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
-        // Override point for customization after application launch.
+    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey : Any]? = nil) -> Bool {
         return true
     }
 
-    func applicationWillResignActive(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Sent when the application is about to move from active to inactive state. This can occur for certain types of temporary interruptions (such as an incoming phone call or SMS message) or when the user quits the application and it begins the transition to the background state.
-        // Use this method to pause ongoing tasks, disable timers, and throttle down OpenGL ES frame rates. Games should use this method to pause the game.
-    }
-
-    func applicationDidEnterBackground(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Use this method to release shared resources, save user data, invalidate timers, and store enough application state information to restore your application to its current state in case it is terminated later.
-        // If your application supports background execution, this method is called instead of applicationWillTerminate: when the user quits.
-    }
-
-    func applicationWillEnterForeground(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Called as part of the transition from the background to the inactive state; here you can undo many of the changes made on entering the background.
-    }
-
-    func applicationDidBecomeActive(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
-    }
-
-    func applicationWillTerminate(application: UIApplication) {
-        // Called when the application is about to terminate. Save data if appropriate. See also applicationDidEnterBackground:.
-    }
-
-
 }